Actitud del profesorado de educación física frente al aprendizaje cooperativo

El trabajo cooperativo tiene numerosos beneficios sobre los alumnos. En esta investigación se pretende conocer cuál es la actitud de los profesores de Educación Física ante el trabajo cooperativo y sus diferentes beneficios en función de la titulación y la edad, a partir de una muestra de 455 profesores de Educación Física, utilizando un análisis inferencial con diferentes tests (Welch y ANOVA). Algunos de los datos muestran diferencias significativas en función de la titulación, donde son los profesores licenciados o graduados en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte y los diplomados o graduados en Educación Física los que consideran que el trabajo cooperativo mejora las relaciones interpersonales entre los alumnos (p=.000), y que mejora la comunicación (p=.003). Además, respecto a la edad, los docentes más jóvenes creen que el trabajo cooperativo mejora las habilidades de interacción social (p=.000)

Modelo integrador para personas con adicción a sustancias psicoactivas

Los trastornos por abuso de drogas constituyen en la actualidad uno de los problemas de salud pública más importantes. El abuso de una sustancia conlleva el daño físico, el daño psicológico y el daño social, tanto para la persona que consume la droga como para los demás. En el campo de la salud mental normalmente no hay un factor único que explique la patología y en el de las adicciones en particular no hay una razón única por la dependencia, sino que son varios los factores [genéticos, ambientales, familiares, sociales y psicológicos] que están detrás de ella. Y por lo tanto sería lícito considerar que tampoco hay una sola terapia que ayude a los afectados. El tratamiento específi co para las adicciones que ha sido desde siempre la terapia cognitivo conductual, posiblemente no sea la única intervención en esta problemática. Los últimos estudios revelan la importancia y efi cacia de las terapias psicológicas conductuales a largo plazo, combinadas o no con apoyo farmacológico. Concretamente el mayor soporte empírico son: la Aproximación de Reforzamiento Comunitario (CRA), el Entrenamiento en Habilidades Sociales, la Prevención de Recaídas (PR) y la terapia conductual familiar y de pareja. Con los matices que en algunos casos se mencionarán, se podrían considerar tratamientos bien establecidos. Además, estos programas coinciden en ser también los que ofrecen una mejor relación coste/benefi cio (Roth y Fonagy, 1996). La multiplicidad de terapias no debe entenderse como un problema, sino como un enriquecimiento, siempre y cuando no se conviertan cada una en compartimentos estancos, que excluyan los elementos favorables de otros para el caso concreto. Por tanto, hay un conocimiento amplio y una fl exibilidad inclusiva teniendo en cuenta la variabilidad intraindividual de los pacientes.Lambert, Shapiro y Bergin (1986, citados en Feixas y Jarque, 2010) nos hacen las siguientes aportaciones respecto al cambio terapéutico: éste debe ser multidimensional (evalúa diversas dimensiones de una patología), debe tener referencias teóricas que permitan organizar el cambio que queremos captar, debe tener criterios de cambio con resultados individualizados (serían, pero menos efectivos), y fi nalmente el cambio debe ser relevante clínicamente, es decir que implique una mejora real. El objetivo de este artículo es dar a conocer la propuesta globalizadora que se lleva a cabo en CC Adicciones de estos distintos tipos de reforzamientos y entrenamientos en una única institución formada por un equipo disciplinar que acompaña al paciente en cada fase y circunstancia del tratamiento. No obstante se necesitarán estudios a largo plazo y de casos para confi rmar la efi cacia de este programa por otro lado pionero en Catalunya.Substance abuse disorders are currently one of the major public health problems. Substance abuse involves physical harm, psychological harm and social harm, both for the person who takes the drug and for others. In the fi eld of mental health there is usually no single factor that explains the pathology and as regards addiction in particular there is no single reason for the dependency: there are instead several factors [genetic, environmental, familial, social and psychological ] lying behind this. And it would therefore be legitimate to consider that there is no single therapy to help those affected. Specifi c treatment for addiction has always been cognitive behavioral therapy, but this may not be the only intervention in this problem. Recent studies show the importance and effectiveness of long-term psychological behavioral therapies, combined or not with pharmacological support. The greatest empirical supports are specifi cally: the Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA), Social Skills Training, Relapse Prevention (RP) and behavioral family therapy and couple therapy. With slight differences in some cases that will be mentioned, these could be considered well-established treatments. In addition, these programs also coincide in being the ones with best cost / benefi t ratio (Roth and Fonagy, 1996). The multiplicity of therapies should not be seen as a problem but as enrichment, provided they do not each become separate compartments, excluding elements favorable to the case from others. There is thus broad and inclusive fl exibility in view of intra-patient variabilityLambert, Shapiro and Bergin (1986, cited in Feixas and Jarque, 2010) make the following contributions to the therapeutic change: it must be multidimensional (assessing various dimensions of a disease), must have theoretical references that can organize the change we want to implement, must have change criteria with individualized results (they would otherwise be less effective), and fi nally the change should be clinically relevant, involving real improvement. The aim of this paper is to present the globalizing proposal of these different types of reinforcements and training at a single institution made up of a disciplinary team accompanying the patient at every stage and circumstance of the treatment. It will however take long-term studies and cases to confi rm the effectiveness of this program which is on the other hand a ground-breaking system in Catalonia

HI asymmetry in the isolated galaxy CIG 85 (UGC 1547)

We present the results from the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) interferometric HI and 20 cm radio continuum observations of CIG 85, an isolated asymmetric galaxy from the AMIGA (Analysis of the Interstellar Medium of Isolated GAlaxies) sample. Despite being an isolated galaxy, CIG 85 showed an appreciable optical and HI spectral asymmetry and therefore was an excellent candidate for resolved HI studies to understand the reasons giving rise to asymmetries in isolated galaxies. The galaxy was imaged in HI and 20 cm radio continuum using the GMRT. For a detailed discussion of the results we also made use of multi-wavelength data from archival SDSS, GALEX and Halpha imaging. We find the HI in CIG 85 to have a clumpy, asymmetric distribution which in the NW part is correlated with optical tail like features, but the HI velocity field displays a relatively regular rotation pattern. Evaluating all the observational evidence, we come to a conclusion that CIG 85 is most likely a case of a disturbed spiral galaxy which now appears to have the morphology of an irregular galaxy. Although it is currently isolated from major companions, the observational evidence is consistent with HI asymmetries, a highly disturbed optical disk and recent increase in star formation having been caused by a minor merger, remnants of which are now projected in front of the optical disk. If this is correct, the companion will be fully accreted by CIG 85 in the near future.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, accepted in A&

Extraction of anthocyanins and total phenolic compounds from açai (euterpe oleracea mart.) using an experimental design methodology. part 1: Pressurized liquid extraction

Currently, açai is one of the most important fruits present in the world. Several studies have demonstrated its high content in phenolic compounds and anthocyanins. Both of them are responsible of interesting properties of the fruit such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant or anticancer. In the present study, two optimized pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) methods have been developed for the extraction of anthocyanins and total phenolic compounds from açai. A full factorial design (Box-Behnken design) with six variables (solvent composition (25%-75% methanol-in-water), temperature (50-100°C), pressure (100-200 atm), purge time (30-90 s), pH (2-7) and flushing (50%-150%)) were employed. The percentage of methanol in the extraction solvent was proven to be the most significant variable for the extraction of anthocyanins. In the case of total phenolic compounds, the extraction temperature was the most influential variable. The developed methods showed high precision, with relative standard deviations (RSD) of less than 5%. The applicability of the methods was successfully evaluated in real samples. In conclusion, two rapid and reliable PLE extraction methods to be used for laboratories and industries to determine anthocyanins and total phenolic compounds in açai and its derived products were developed in this work

Extraction of Anthocyanins and Total Phenolic Compounds from Acai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) Using an Experimental Design Methodology. Part 2: Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction

Two optimized methods for ultrasound-assisted extraction were evaluated for the extraction of two types of acai bioactive compounds: Total anthocyanins (TAs) and total phenolic compounds (TPCs). For the extraction optimization, a Box Behnken factorial design of different variables in the following intervals was used: Methanol-water (25%-75%) for solvent composition, temperatures between 10 and 70 degrees C, amplitude in the range between 30% and 70% of the maximum amplitude -200 W), extraction solvent pH (2-7), the ratio for sample-solvent (0.5 g:10 mL-0.5 g:20 mL), and cycle between 0.2 and 0.7 s. The extraction kinetics were studied using different periods between 5 and 30 min. TA and TPC were analyzed by UHPLC and the Folin-Ciocalteu method, respectively. Optimized conditions for TA were: 51% MeOH in water, 31 degrees C temperature, pH 6.38, cycle 0.7 s, 65% amplitude, and 0.5 g:10 mL of sample-solvent ratio. Optimized conditions for the TPC were: 49% MeOH in water, 41 degrees C temperature, pH 6.98, cycle 0.2 s, 30% amplitude, and 0.5 g:10 mL of sample-solvent ratio. Both methods presented a relative standard deviation below 5% in the precision study. The suitability of the methods was tested in real samples. It was confirmed that these methods are feasible for the extraction of the studied bioactive compounds from different acai matrices

The central parsecs of M87: jet emission and an elusive accretion disc

We present the first simultaneous spectral energy distribution (SED) of M87 core at a scale of 0.4 arcsec ($\sim 32\, \rm{pc}$) across the electromagnetic spectrum. Two separate, quiescent, and active states are sampled that are characterized by a similar featureless SED of power-law form, and that are thus remarkably different from that of a canonical active galactic nuclei (AGN) or a radiatively inefficient accretion source. We show that the emission from a jet gives an excellent representation of the core of M87 core covering ten orders of magnitude in frequency for both the active and the quiescent phases. The inferred total jet power is, however, one to two orders of magnitude lower than the jet mechanical power reported in the literature. The maximum luminosity of a thin accretion disc allowed by the data yields an accretion rate of $< 6 \times 10^{-5}\, \rm{M_\odot \, yr^{-1}}$, assuming 10% efficiency. This power suffices to explain M87 radiative luminosity at the jet-frame, it is however two to three order of magnitude below that required to account for the jet's kinetic power. The simplest explanation is variability, which requires the core power of M87 to have been two to three orders of magnitude higher in the last 200 yr. Alternatively, an extra source of power may derive from black hole spin. Based on the strict upper limit on the accretion rate, such spin power extraction requires an efficiency an order of magnitude higher than predicted from magnetohydrodynamic simulations, currently in the few hundred per cent range.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA

Problemas metodológicos en la medición del rendimiento policial de la Guardia Civil en delincuencia organizada

El crimen organizado es un fenómeno dinámico y adaptativo, lo que dificulta enormemente su represión tanto en la actuación policial como en un desarrollo jurídico adecuado, que no evoluciona a la misma rapidez que esta forma delictiva, lo cual puede conllevar en ocasiones la impunidad de sujetos implicados. Por ello, se considera conveniente estudiar el grado de ajuste que se da entre la actividad policial y la judicial. Con el objetivo de encontrar la metodología óptima para el estudio comparativo entre la actuación policial y los resultados judiciales en materia de delincuencia organizada en España, se ha propuesto la siguiente hipótesis de trabajo: existencia de un desajuste entre las sentencias judiciales condenatorias y la actuación policial desempeñada por la Guardia Civil. A partir de Informes de explotación de operaciones sobre crimen organizado de la Guardia Civil desarrolladas entre los años 2004 y 2009, y sus sentencias correspondientes, se obtiene un conjunto de variables que permiten operativizar el esfuerzo policial y los resultados judiciales, de modo que se pueden comparar entre sí. Los resultados obtenidos mediante esta investigación preliminar permiten describir el recorrido judicial completo de las operaciones analizadas; identificar los principales problemas que se dan a la hora de conseguir sentencias a partir de los informes policiales; proponer soluciones para mejorar esa búsqueda; desarrollar unos primeros índices para cuantificar la actividad policial y el resultado judicial, que permitan llegar a formular una medida del rendimiento policial, y en suma, enunciar recomendaciones para incrementar ese rendimient

Extraction of Anthocyanins and Total Phenolic Compounds from Açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) Using an Experimental Design Methodology. Part 3: Microwave-Assisted Extraction

In this work, two methods based on microwave-assisted extraction techniques for the extraction of both anthocyanins and total phenolic compounds from acai have been developed. For that, a full factorial design (Box-Behnken design) has been used to optimize the following four variables: solvent composition (25-75% methanol in water), temperature (50-100 degrees C), pH (2-7), and sample/solvent ratio (0.5 g: 10 mL-0.5 g: 20 mL). The anthocyanins and total phenolic compounds content have been determined by ultra high-pressure liquid chromatography and Folin-Ciocalteu method, respectively. The optimum conditions for the extraction of anthocyanins were 38% MeOH in water, 99.63 degrees C, pH 3.00, at 0.5 g: 10 mL of ratio, while for the extraction of total phenolic compounds they were 74.16% MeOH in water, 99.14 degrees C, pH 5.46, at 0.5 g: 20 mL of ratio. Both methods have shown a high repeatability and intermediate precision with a relative standard deviation lower than 5%. Furthermore, an extraction kinetics study was carried out using extraction periods ranging from 2 min until 25 min. The optimized methods have been applied to acai-containing real samples. The results with such real samples have confirmed that both methods are suitable for a rapid and reliable extraction of anthocyanins and total phenolic compounds

Arte y mayores: propuesta para un envejecimiento activo

Esta es una propuesta para trabajar con los mayores de forma activa e impartir un taller no solamentede ocupación del tiempo de ocio sino también terapéutico. Un taller donde se fomente las relaciones sociales. Un espacio creado por y para la comunicación y el intercambio, desde distintos niveles y posibilidades de cada alumno/a, sin exclusiones ni limitaciones tanto físicas como psíquicas. También es un espacio para la creatividad, la relajación y la reflexión sobre las potencialidades de cada uno y de todos como grupo de trabajo, utilizando la pintura como medio de expresión, profundizando en el acercamiento tanto físico como sensorial. Entre los contenidos del taller se encuentran conceptos como la percepción de los contornos, espacios, relaciones, luz y sombra, tonalidad o forma, la simplificación del objeto, el estudio de elementos compositivos, encuadres y movimiento, las proporciones y los alineamientos horizontales y verticales. Trabajamos la autoestima, la psicomotricidad fina y gruesa, la salud emocional, la creatividad, frenando el deterioro cognitivo. Con todo ello conseguiremos el objetivo general del taller: un envejecimiento positivo y activo.This is a proposal active work with older people and impart not only a leisure workshop also a therapeutic workshop. Also to promote a social relationships workshop. Create a space for and in order to communication and exchange, from different levels and possibilities to each student, without physical or psychological exclusion or limitations. It is algo a creativity, relaxation and reflection space about possibilities each one and the all workshop, using painting as a means of expression, go into detail about in the physical and sensorial approach. Among the workshop contain, found it as perception of contours, spaces, relationships, light and shadow, shade or shape, the simplification of the object, compositional elements studies, framing and movement, proportions and horizontal and vertical alignments. We work self esteem, fine and gross psychomotricity, emotional health, creativity, slowing cognitive decline. With all get the overall objective of the workshop: a positive and active aging