Use of water soluble extracts from ulva sp. by probiotics and fish bacterial pathogens

BACKGROUNDS The potential of seaweeds as dietary components is considered for a wide range of cultured fish species. In this context, Ulva is investigated as a good source of protein, minerals and vitamins. In addition, of probiotics are used to improve fish growth and modulate immune system and intestinal microbiota. To promote probiotics colonization and maintenance in the intestine, prebiotics are included in fish diets. Prebiotics are indigestible substrates used as energy sources for gastrointestinal microbiota, with a positive effect on the nutrition and health status of the host. In the present work, ability of selected probiotic and fish pathogen strains to use water soluble extracts from Ulva as nutrient source has been evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Water-soluble extracts from Ulva sp. prepared by sonication of dehydrated samples were used to supplement minimum medium (M9). Probiotics and pathogens growth was evaluated based on the optical densities measured with a microplate reader. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Probiotics were able to grow in minimum medium using water soluble extracts as nutrient source. On the other hand, P. damselae subsp. piscicida and V. harveyistrains were also able to grow with Ulvaextracts as nutrient source. However, incubation time to reach maximum growth was longer. Although Ulva extract may support growth of both probiotics and pathogen bacteria, faster growth of probiotics may help for the establishment of probiotic populations in the intestinal environment. In addition, beneficial effects on growth performance, gut microbiota, immunity and disease resistance of Ulva for Solea senegalensisare being studied. This work was funded by INIA, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad and FEDER (RTA201400023 C0202).This work was funded by INIA, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad and FEDER (RTA201400023 C0202).Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Psicometría, niveles de empatía y sus dimensiones en estudiantes de postgrado de especialidades odontológicas en la universidad Andrés Bello

Objectives: To determine the empathy presented by dentists coursing their postgraduate training. Compare levels of empathy between genders and odontology specialties. Methods: An observational, exploratory, and cross-sectional study was utilized, analyzing all the postgraduate students at the School of Dentistry of the “Andrés Bello University”, in Chile (N = 195). The Jefferson Medical Empathy Scale was applied (EMMJ).Results: The results showed relevant reliability of the empathy measure (α = 0.819, ω = 0.928), through confirmatory structure analysis, a three-factor structure was evidenced (χ2 / df = 1.445, GFI = 0.952, RMSEA = 0.047) and an adequate factorial invariance among men and women; women exhibited greater empathy in the global scale and perspective-taking dimension, not finding differences by gender in the dimension of caring with compassion and putting oneself in the other person’s place. The median empathy reached 120 points, being found under this range the specialties of Oral Rehabilitation (Med. = 114.5), Surgery (Med. = 117) and Periodontics (Med. = 117.5), Temporo-Mandibular Disorder (Med. = 121), Endodontics (Med. = 121), Orthodontics and dentomaxillofacial orthopedics (Med. =122), Implantology (Med. = 125) and Pediatric Dentistry (Med. = 127.5). Conclusion: Levels of empathy are relatively high in general, but all specialties have low levels in the POOS dimension, which can potentially affect the empathic relationship with their patients.Objetivo: Determinar la empatía en odontólogos en proceso de formación de postgrado. Objetivos específicos: Evaluar y comparar los niveles de empatía entre géneros, y los niveles de empatía entre las especialidades. Material y Métodos: estudio observacional, exploratorio y transversal, analizando la totalidad de los estudiantes de postgrado de la Facultad de Odontología de la universidad Andrés Bello, Chile (N=195), se les aplicó la Escala de Empatía Médica de Jefferson (EMMJ). Resultados: Adecuada fiabilidad de la medida de empatía (α=0.819, ω=0.928), mediante Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio se evidencia una estructura de tres factores (χ2 /df = 1.445, GFI=0.952, RMSEA= 0.047) y una adecuada invarianza factorial entre hombres y mujeres; las mujeres presentan mayor empatía en la escala global y en la dimensión toma de perspectiva, no encontrándose diferencias por género en la dimensión de cuidado con compasión y de ponerse en los zapatos del otro. La mediana de empatía alcanza los 120 puntos, ubicándose por debajo de ella las especialidades de; Rehabilitación Oral (Med.=114.5), Cirugía (Med.=117) y Periodoncia (Med.=117.5), y con puntajes superiores se ubica Trastorno Temporo-Mandibular (Med.=121), Endodoncia (Med.=121), Ortodoncia y ortopedia dentomaxilofacial (Med.=122), Implantología (Med.=125) y Odontopediatría (Med.=127.5). Conclusión: En general los niveles de empatía son relativamente altos, pero la característica común esque todas las especialidades tienen niveles bajos en la dimensión POOS, todo lo cual puede afectar potencialmente la relación empática con sus pacientes

Expresión de genes del sistema inmune innato del lenguado (Solea senegalensis) alimentados con Ulva ohnoi durante la infección con P. damselae subsp. piscicida

Las algas son fuente de proteínas y numerosas sustancias biológicamente activas. En el caso del género Ulva, son muy escasos los estudios sobre los efectos en el sistema inmune. En el presente trabajo se ha evaluado la respuesta a la infección por P. damselae subsp. piscicida de genes del sistema inmune innato en lenguados (Solea senegalensis) alimentados con una dieta suplementada con Ulva ohnoi. Los ejemplares de lenguado con un peso inicial de 10,7g se alimentaron durante 3 meses con una dieta control y otra conteniendo 5% de polvo seco de U. ohnoi. Transcurrido este periodo, los peces (54,17 g) se sometieron a infección frente a P. damselae subsp. piscicida y se determinó la expresión relativa de los genes que codifican para componentes del sistema del complemento, y citoquinas inflamatorias en hígado y riñón de los lenguados infectados. Los resultados obtenidos muestran, tras la infección, un incremento en la expresión de los genes que codifican para los componentes C1q4, C3, C4/1 y C9 así como TNF en el hígado de los peces que recibieron el alga. Por el contrario, se observaron niveles inferiores de expresión de los genes que codifican para las citoquinas IL1beta, IL6 e IL8b en el hígado de los ejemplares que recibieron el alga. A nivel del riñón, los lenguados alimentados con la dieta conteniendo Ulva sólo presentaron diferencias respecto al grupo control en la expresión de los genes que codifican para IL8b y C9. La activación del sistema del complemento da como resultado la formación del complejo de ataque de membrana, que tiene un papel esencial en la eliminación de microorganismos patógenos. Por otro lado, una respuesta inflamatoria controlada puede contribuir a limitar el daño derivado de la infección por P. damselae subsp. piscicida, en peces alimentados con la dieta conteniendo Ulva.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Ministerio de Ciencia de Innovación y FEDER (Ref. RTA2014 00023 C02

Respuesta inmune en mucosas de piel y branquias de Solea senegalensis tras la alimentación con una dieta conteniendo Ulva ohnoi (5%)

Abstract In the search of the improvement of the feeding of the fish in the aquaculture, macroalgae seem to be a promising source of nutrients and bioactive substances. In the case of the genus Ulva, the effect of its inclusion in feed on the growth, tissues composition and the stress response of some fish species has been evaluated. However, it is necessary to evaluate the effects on the immune system, as its inclusion could modify the resistance to pathogens. In the present work, we have studied the response of the immune system at lysozyme expression level, cellular immune response genes, and inflammatory response genes in mucous of skin and sole gills (Solea senegalensis) fed with a diet supplemented in Ulva ohnoi (5%). Results obtained indicate absence of significant changes in the expression of assayed immune genes. Resumen En la búsqueda de la mejora de la alimentación de los peces en la acuicultura, las algas se presentan como una prometedora fuente de nutrientes y sustancias bioactivas. En el caso del género Ulva, se ha publicado el efecto de su inclusión en piensos sobre el crecimiento, la composición de los tejidos y la respuesta al estrés de algunas especies de interés acuícola. Sin embargo, es necesario evaluar los efectos en el sistema inmune, puesto que su inclusión podría modificar la resistencia a patógenos. En el presente trabajo se ha estudiado la respuesta del sistema inmune a nivel de expresión de lisozimas, genes de respuesta inmune celular, y genes de la respuesta inflamatoria en piel y branquias de lenguados (Solea senegalensis) alimentados con una dieta suplementada en Ulva ohnoi (5%). Los resultados indican que no se produce un cambio significativo en la expresión de estos grupos de genes.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (INIA) y FEDER (Ref. RTA2014 00023 C0202

Modulation of Intestinal Microbiota in Solea senegalensis Fed Low Dietary Level of Ulva ohnoi

Gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota has a relevant role in animal nutrition, modulation of the immune system and protection against pathogen invasion. Interest in algae as source of nutrients and functional ingredients for aquafeeds is increasing in order to substitute conventional feedstuffs by more sustainable resources. The diet is an important factor in the modulation of the microbiota composition, and functional ingredients have been proposed to shape the microbiota and contribute benefits to the host. However, fish microbiome research is still limited compared to other hosts. Solea senegalensis is a flat fish with high potential for aquaculture in South Europe. In this study, a characterization of the microbiome of S. senegalensis (GI) tract and the effects of feeding Ulva ohnoi supplemented diet has been carried out. Differences in the composition of the microbiota of anterior and posterior sections of S. senegalensis GI tract have been observed, Pseudomonas being more abundant in the anterior sections and Mycoplasmataceae the dominant taxa in the posterior GI tract sections. In addition, modulation of the GI microbiota of juvenile Senegalese sole fed for 45 days a diet containing low percentage of U. ohnoi has been observed in the present study. Microbiota of the anterior regions of the intestinal tract was mainly modulated, with higher abundance of Vibrio spp. in the GI tract of fish fed dietary U. ohnoi

Rationale, design and preliminary results of the GALIPEMIAS study (prevalence and lipid control of familial dyslipidemia in Galicia, northwest Spain)

[Abstract] Aims. There is little information on the familial nature of dyslipidemias in the Spanish population. This knowledge could have potential diagnostic and treatment implications. The objective of the GALIPEMIAS study was to determine the prevalence of familial dyslipidemia in Galicia, as well as determine the degree of lipid control in the participants. Prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) was also estimated. This paper presents the design, methodology and selected preliminary results. Methodology. A cross‐sectional study was performed in the population aged ≥18 years using cluster sampling and then random sampling. A sample of 1000 subjects was calculated and divided into three sequential phases with a specific methodology for each one. Phase I: selection of subjects from the general population and collection of informed consent documents; Phase II: collection of data from the digital clinical history to select subjects with dyslipidemia according to study criteria; Phase III: personal interview, blood analysis, family tree, and definitive diagnosis of dyslipidemia. Prevalence of different diseases and active medication was analysed. Corrected prevalence (to the reference population) of different risk factors and ASCVD was estimated. Results. Phase I participation was 89.5%. We extracted complete information from 93% of the participants (Phase II). According to the study′s own criteria, 56.5% (n = 527) of the participants had some form of dyslipidemia and almost 33.7% of them had familial dyslipidemia with autosomal dominant inherit pattern. The corrected prevalence of ASCVD was 5.1% (95% CI 3.1‐7.2). Conclusions. Dyslipidemia was the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factor in our population with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern in one out of every three dyslipidemia cases. Approximately, 5.1% of the sample population aged ≥18 has suffered an episode of ACVD

Arte y transformación: Resignificando territorios

This article will address two projects, which use art as a tool for emancipation and social transformation: Circópolis and Corporación rural laboratorio del espíritu, contrasted with the project Telón arriba, armas abajo: Paz y Dignidad, in order to evaluate the social impact that this project generates and expose to the interested public the different ways through which capacities and resources can be developed for the benefit of communities, where, finally, the most significant ideas of the article and the impact achieved through the project, which is being implemented, will be exposed.A través del presente artículo se abordarán dos proyectos que utilizan el arte como herramienta de emancipación y transformación social: Circópolis y Corporación Rural Laboratorio del Espíritu, contrastados con el proyecto Telón Arriba, Armas Abajo: Paz y Dignidad, con el fin de evaluar el impacto social que este genera y exponerle al público interesado las diferentes formas a través de las cuales se pueden desarrollar capacidades y recursos para el beneficio de las comunidades, donde finalmente se expondrán las ideas más significativas del artículo y el impacto que se logra a través del proyecto que se encuentra en ejecución

Recent advances in the application of stable isotopes as nutritional tools in aquaculture

From an ecological point of view, aquaculture systems consist of simple food webs having a limited number of nutritional sources. These characteristics facilitate the application of stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen (δ13C and δ15N) to assess the flow of dietary components. Due to rapid and measurable bioaccumulation of the heavier stable isotopes, such isotopic shifts can be tracked at different times and at each trophic step to provide an indicator of what dietary components are being incorporated into animal tissue and how fast. The present manuscript presents results from recent, controlled nutritional experiments designed to quantify the relative contribution of dietary carbon and nitrogen supplied by different dietary items. Stable isotopes ratios were measured in a range of food sources and experimental animals. In a first experiment, juvenile shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were reared on co-feeding regimes having different proportions of live biomass of the green macroalgae Ulva clathrata and inert feed in order to identify nutritional contributions to tissue growth using dual stable isotope analysis. In another trial, nitrogen stable isotopes were measured to explore the relative dietary nitrogen contributions from fish meal and pea meal (Pisum sativum) to the growth of white shrimp postlarvae fed low protein diets having different proportions of both ingredients. In a third, multidisciplinary experiment, Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) larvae were used as a model to evaluate the effect of different larval feeding regimes on (1) trypsinogen gene expression (ssetryp1), (2) trypsin and chymotrypsin activities and (3) changes in stable isotope composition to estimate the assimilation of dietary carbon from the larval diets

Adipose tissue mitochondrial dysfunction in human obesity is linked to a specific DNA methylation signature in adipose-derived stem cells

Background: A functional population of adipocyte precursors, termed adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs), is crucial for proper adipose tissue (AT) expansion, lipid handling, and prevention of lipotoxicity in response to chronic positive energy balance. We previously showed that obese human subjects contain a dysfunctional pool of ASCs. Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying abnormal ASC function might lead to therapeutic interventions for prevention of lipotoxicity by improving the adipogenic capacity of ASCs. Methods: Using epigenome-wide association studies, we explored the impact of obesity on the methylation signature of human ASCs and their differentiated counterparts. Mitochondrial phenotyping of lean and obese ASCs was performed. TBX15 loss- and gain-of-function experiments were carried out and western blotting and electron microscopy studies of mitochondria were performed in white AT biopsies from lean and obese individuals. Results: We found that DNA methylation in adipocyte precursors is significantly modified by the obese environment, and adipogenesis, inflammation, and immunosuppression were the most affected pathways. Also, we identified TBX15 as one of the most differentially hypomethylated genes in obese ASCs, and genetic experiments revealed that TBX15 is a regulator of mitochondrial mass in obese adipocytes. Accordingly, morphological analysis of AT from obese subjects showed an alteration of the mitochondrial network, with changes in mitochondrial shape and number. Conclusions: We identified a DNA methylation signature in adipocyte precursors associated with obesity, which has a significant impact on the metabolic phenotype of mature adipocytes

Arte y transformación: Resignificando territorios

This article will address two projects, which use art as a tool for emancipation and social transformation: Circópolis and Corporación rural laboratorio del espíritu, contrasted with the project Telón arriba, armas abajo: Paz y Dignidad, in order to evaluate the social impact that this project generates and expose to the interested public the different ways through which capacities and resources can be developed for the benefit of communities, where, finally, the most significant ideas of the article and the impact achieved through the project, which is being implemented, will be exposed.A través del presente artículo se abordarán dos proyectos que utilizan el arte como herramienta de emancipación y transformación social: Circópolis y Corporación Rural Laboratorio del Espíritu, contrastados con el proyecto Telón Arriba, Armas Abajo: Paz y Dignidad, con el fin de evaluar el impacto social que este genera y exponerle al público interesado las diferentes formas a través de las cuales se pueden desarrollar capacidades y recursos para el beneficio de las comunidades, donde finalmente se expondrán las ideas más significativas del artículo y el impacto que se logra a través del proyecto que se encuentra en ejecución