Objeto del principio de publicidad, a propósito del artículo 5to de la Ley no. 20.285

Aprovechando esta nueva convocatoria de la Revista de Derecho Público, me parece interesante examinar, en relación con el principio constitucional de publicidad que rige al Estado, previsto en el artículo 8° inciso 2° de la Constitución, el objeto preciso sobre el cual recae

Implementation and design of a service-based framework to integrate personal and institutional learning environments

The landscape of teaching and learning has changed in recent years because of the application of Information and Communications technology. Among the most representative innovations in this regard are Learning Management Systems. Despite of their popularity in institutional contexts and the wide set of tools and services that they provide to learners and teachers, they present several issues. Learning Management Systems are linked to an institution and a period of time, and are not adapted to learners' needs. In order to address these problems Personal Learning Environments are defined, but it is clear that these will not replace Learning Management Systems and other institutional contexts. Both types of environment should therefore coexist and interact. This paper presents a service-based framework to facilitate such interoperability. It supports the export of functionalities from the institutional to the personal environment and also the integration within the institution of learning outcomes from personal activities. In order to achieve this in a flexible, extensible and open way, web services and interoperability specifications are used. In addition some interoperability scenarios are posed. The framework has been tested in real learning contexts and the results show that interoperability is possible, and that it benefits learners, teachers and institutions.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Figuras profesionales emergentes de radio y televisión en la era de la hipermedialidad

La hibridación en los géneros -radiofónicos y televisivos- es una realidad, todos han tenido que adaptarse a las audiencias y, de la misma manera, lo han hecho los profesionales responsables de su producción, incluso en los formatos más tradicionales. El objetivo del presente artículo es mostrar cómo lo han hecho, cómo han evolucionado sus roles, sus rutinas y sus responsabilidades. Para ello, hemos analizado una muestra del formato quiz show en televisión y del magazine en radio, utilizando una metodología exploratoria descriptiva y analítica de carácter cualitativo, con la técnica del estudio de casos sobre una muestra representativa de periodistas que trabajan en distintos programas en antena. Del análisis de los datos hemos obtenido resultados originales, como, por ejemplo, que de la evolución de las rutinas profesionales surge la figura del "guioredactor" y dado respuesta a todas las preguntas de investigación que nos planteamos.Genres hybridization -radio and tv -is a reality, the professionals responsible of this production has adapted to the audience and, in the same way the more traditional formats has changed. The aim of this article is to show how they have evolved their roles, routines and responsibilities. To do this, we have analyzed a sample of quiz show format in television and magazine in radio, using a descriptive exploratory and analytical qualitative methodology, with the case study technique with a representative sample of journalists working in different programs on the air. We have obtained original results from the analysis of the data, for example, from the evolution of professional routines appear the figure of "script-writter" and also, we have answered to all research questions we asked ourselves

Ethanol exerts dual effects on calcium homeostasis in CCK-8-stimulated mouse pancreatic acinar cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>A significant percentage of patients with pancreatitis often presents a history of excessive alcohol consumption. Nevertheless, the patho-physiological effect of ethanol on pancreatitis remains poorly understood. In the present study, we have investigated the early effects of acute ethanol exposure on CCK-8-evoked Ca²⁺signals in mouse pancreatic acinar cells. Changes in [Ca²⁺]_iand ROS production were analyzed employing fluorescence techniques after loading cells with fura-2 or CM-H₂DCFDA, respectively.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Ethanol, in the concentration range from 1 to 50 mM, evoked an oscillatory pattern in [Ca²⁺]_i. In addition, ethanol evoked reactive oxygen species generation (ROS) production. Stimulation of cells with 1 nM or 20 pM CCK-8, respectively led to a transient change and oscillations in [Ca²⁺]_i. In the presence of ethanol a transformation of 20 pM CCK-8-evoked physiological oscillations into a single transient increase in [Ca²⁺]_iin the majority of cells was observed. Whereas, in response to 1 nM CCK-8, the total Ca²⁺mobilization was significantly increased by ethanol pre-treatment. Preincubation of cells with 1 mM 4-MP, an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase, or 10 μM of the antioxidant cinnamtannin B-1, reverted the effect of ethanol on total Ca²⁺mobilization evoked by 1 nM CCK-8. Cinnamtannin B-1 blocked ethanol-evoked ROS production.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>ethanol may lead, either directly or through ROS generation, to an over stimulation of pancreatic acinar cells in response to CCK-8, resulting in a higher Ca²⁺mobilization compared to normal conditions. The actions of ethanol on CCK-8-stimulation of cells create a situation potentially leading to Ca²⁺overload, which is a common pathological precursor that mediates pancreatitis.</p

Mycelium Differentiation and Development of <em>Streptomyces</em> in Liquid Nonsporulating Cultures: Programmed Cell Death, Differentiation, and Lysis Condition Secondary Metabolite Production

Streptomycetes are mycelium-forming sporulating bacteria that produce two thirds of clinically relevant secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolite production is activated at specific developmental stages of Streptomyces life cycle. Despite this, Streptomyces differentiation in liquid nonsporulating cultures (flasks and industrial bioreactors) tends to be underestimated and the most important parameters managed are only indirectly related to differentiation: modifications to the culture media, optimization of productive strains by random or directed mutagenesis, analysis of biophysical parameters, etc. In this chapter, we review the relationship between differentiation and antibiotic production in liquid cultures. Morphological differentiation in liquid cultures is comparable to that occurring during pre-sporulation stages in solid cultures: an initial compartmentalized mycelium suffers a programmed cell death, and remaining viable segments then differentiate to a second multinucleated antibiotic-producing mycelium. Differentiation is one of the keys to interpreting biophysical fermentation parameters and to rationalizing the optimization of secondary metabolite production in liquid cultures