Growth of Stuckenia pectinata under greenhouse and irrigation canal conditions in the lower valley of the Colorado River (Argentina)

Stuckenia pectinata is an invasive submerged weed in the irrigation district in the lower valley of the Colorado River, Argentina. The objective of this study was to analyze the initial growth of S. pectinata from tubers, and its annual growth cycle in irrigation canals, in order to be efficient in adapting future control techniques. Tubers were planted in aquaria in order to evaluate the effect of their size, depth of burial and below zero temperatures on the initial growth. Under field conditions, samples of plants were collected from two irrigation canals, from October to March, in two complete growth cycles. Plant height and biomass of the leaves, stems and spikes were measured. The largest tubers were able to emerge from deep burial and generated larger plants than the smallest tubers. Frozen tubers did not germinate at any burial depths. Maximum biomass in the irrigation canal reached 1660 g DM m-2 with a peak at the beginning of summer. The elimination of biomass at the end of the irrigation season would result in small tubers that would die in the winter time. The information generated could lead to more appropriate and sustainable control.Stuckenia pectinata is an invasive submerged weed in the irrigation district in the lower valley of the Colorado River, Argentina. The objective of this study was to analyze the initial growth of S. pectinata from tubers, and its annual growth cycle in irrigation canals, in order to be efficient in adapting future control techniques. Tubers were planted in aquaria in order to evaluate the effect of their size, depth of burial and below zero temperatures on the initial growth. Under field conditions, samples of plants were collected from two irrigation canals, from October to March, in two complete growth cycles. Plant height and biomass of the leaves, stems and spikes were measured. The largest tubers were able to emerge from deep burial and generated larger plants than the smallest tubers. Frozen tubers did not germinate at any burial depths. Maximum biomass in the irrigation canal reached 1660 g DM m-2 with a peak at the beginning of summer. The elimination of biomass at the end of the irrigation season would result in small tubers that would die in the winter time. The information generated could lead to more appropriate and sustainable control

Efecto del uso de cultivo de cobertura en una secuencia de soja continua en la región semiárida pampeana

The objectives were to quantify its effect on the yield of the successor summer crop, to evaluate the dynamics of the decomposition of rye residues from a fertilized and unfertilized cover crop (CC), and to evaluate the cumulative effect of 5 years of rye CC in a rotation with a high incidence of soybean on the soil organic matter contents. The study was carried out on a petrocalcic Paleustoll, located in the Southern Plain of the Semiarid Pampa Region. The experiment was part of a long term trial where in 2010 two treatments for soybean management were installed, continuous soybean without CC and soybeans in rotation with CC. In 2018 an experimental design was established where plots were arranged in completely randomized blocks and 4 management treatments for soybean cultivation were established: continuous soybean without CC, soybean in rotation with CC without fertilization, fertilized with 60 kg N.ha-1, and with 120 kg N.ha-1. Nitrogen fertilization in the CC improved the capture rate of both carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. The results showed that 40% carbon, 60% nitrogen, and 61% phosphorus contained in aboveground biomass were lost from the CC from drying to soybean harvest. The highest soybean yields were recorded in the rotation with fertilized CC, due to a positive effect between the higher soil water content in the early stages of cultivation due to a greater amount of residues, and also by the contribution of different nutrients during the soybean crop cycle.  The long term trial showed that after 5 years of cover crops in the soybean rotation there was no effect on the organic matter contents.Se plantearon como objetivos, cuantificar el efecto que tiene el centeno como CC sobre el rendimiento del cultivo de verano sucesor, evaluar la dinámica de la descomposición de los residuos de centeno utilizado como cultivo de cobertura (CC), fertilizado y sin fertilizar con nitrógeno (N). Evaluar el efecto acumulado de 5 años de CC de centeno en una rotación con alta incidencia de oleaginosa, sobre los contenidos de materia orgánica. El estudio se desarrolló sobre un Paleustol petrocálcico, ubicado en el sur de la planicie con tosca de la Región Semiárida Pampeana, correspondiente a un ensayo de larga duración donde en el año 2010 se instalaron dos secuencias para el manejo del cultivo de soja, soja continua sin inclusión de CC y soja en rotación con CC. En el año 2018 se estableció un diseño experimental dispuesto en parcelas en bloques completamente aleatorizados y se establecieron 4 tratamientos de manejo para el cultivo de soja: Soja continua sin inclusión de CC. Soja en rotación con CC sin fertilizar. Soja en rotación con CC fertilizado con 60 kg N.ha-1 y Soja en rotación con CC fertilizado con 120 kg N.ha-1. La fertilización nitrogenada mejoró la captura en biomasa aérea de carbono, como de nitrógeno y fósforo. En promedio, un 40 % de carbono, 60% de nitrógeno y 61% de fósforo contenido en biomasa se perdieron desde el secado, hasta la cosecha de soja. Los mayores rendimientos de soja se registraron en la rotación con CC fertilizado, debido probablemente al aporte de diferentes nutrientes durante el ciclo del cultivo de soja. El estudio a largo plazo demostró que después de 5 años de inclusión de CC en la rotación con soja no hubo efecto positivo sobre los contenidos de materia orgánica

Water stress and temperature effects on germination and early seedling growth of <i>Digitaria eriantha</i>

This study focused on the two major processes critical for plant establishment: Seed germination and seedling survival. We determined the effects of (1) water stress and temperature on the germination, and (2) water stress on early seedling growth of Digitaria eriantha cv ‘Irene’. Seeds harvested in 2007 were used for temperature studies, and those coming from 2006 and 2007 for water stress studies. In 2009, viability decreased by 65.4% from 2006 to 2007. During the first twenty-four hours, germination was more than 50% at constant (30 or 35°C) than alternating (10/30 or 10/35°C) temperatures, although total germination was about 80% for all temperature treatments. Polyethylene glycol 8000 was used to impose water stress conditions. Germination percentages and coefficients of velocity decreased with decreasing water potentials. Early seedling growth was smaller at lower water potentials. D. eriantha cv ‘Irene’ appeared to germinate within a wide range of temperatures, but it varied greatly in germination response to water potentials. Results suggest that this species could be planted in late spring-early summer, when seedbed temperatures are increasing and soil moisture might still be adequate.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Water stress and temperature effects on germination and early seedling growth of <i>Digitaria eriantha</i>

This study focused on the two major processes critical for plant establishment: Seed germination and seedling survival. We determined the effects of (1) water stress and temperature on the germination, and (2) water stress on early seedling growth of Digitaria eriantha cv ‘Irene’. Seeds harvested in 2007 were used for temperature studies, and those coming from 2006 and 2007 for water stress studies. In 2009, viability decreased by 65.4% from 2006 to 2007. During the first twenty-four hours, germination was more than 50% at constant (30 or 35°C) than alternating (10/30 or 10/35°C) temperatures, although total germination was about 80% for all temperature treatments. Polyethylene glycol 8000 was used to impose water stress conditions. Germination percentages and coefficients of velocity decreased with decreasing water potentials. Early seedling growth was smaller at lower water potentials. D. eriantha cv ‘Irene’ appeared to germinate within a wide range of temperatures, but it varied greatly in germination response to water potentials. Results suggest that this species could be planted in late spring-early summer, when seedbed temperatures are increasing and soil moisture might still be adequate.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Water stress and temperature effects on germination and early seedling growth of <i>Digitaria eriantha</i>

This study focused on the two major processes critical for plant establishment: Seed germination and seedling survival. We determined the effects of (1) water stress and temperature on the germination, and (2) water stress on early seedling growth of Digitaria eriantha cv ‘Irene’. Seeds harvested in 2007 were used for temperature studies, and those coming from 2006 and 2007 for water stress studies. In 2009, viability decreased by 65.4% from 2006 to 2007. During the first twenty-four hours, germination was more than 50% at constant (30 or 35°C) than alternating (10/30 or 10/35°C) temperatures, although total germination was about 80% for all temperature treatments. Polyethylene glycol 8000 was used to impose water stress conditions. Germination percentages and coefficients of velocity decreased with decreasing water potentials. Early seedling growth was smaller at lower water potentials. D. eriantha cv ‘Irene’ appeared to germinate within a wide range of temperatures, but it varied greatly in germination response to water potentials. Results suggest that this species could be planted in late spring-early summer, when seedbed temperatures are increasing and soil moisture might still be adequate.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Metodología y aplicación de atributos sísmicos en la modelación de facies para zonas potencialmente productoras de gas. Área Santa Cruz-Jibacoa, Cuba

Históricamente, la exploración petrolera en Cuba, se ha apoyado en estudios geoquímicos, petrofísicos y de ingeniería de yacimientos en los pozos para caracterizar los intervalos productores de hidrocarburos y la explotación del gas disuelto. El objetivo de este estudio es detectar en esos reservorios, las acumulaciones comerciales de gases húmedos a partir del uso de los atributos sísmicos con la instrumentación de una metodología de trabajo. Se escogieron dos yacimientos que se encuentran en la Franja Norte Petrolera Cubana; el Santa Cruz del Norte (patrón de aprendizaje) y Jibacoa (patrón predictivo). Como objeto se estudió la Formación Vega Alta, secuencia sinorogénica de edad Paleoceno-Eoceno Medio, con gran complejidad litológica, considerada sello regional, pero paradójicamente, con apreciables manifestaciones de hidrocarburos, principalmente de gas. Se realizó un análisis microfacial, fundamentalmente con la información de los cuttings (1921 m), construyéndose un modelo ternario para las rocas clásticas y otro para las carbonatadas y silíceas, con predominio de las primeras. Para obtener información sobre la relación entre las litofacies y los atributos sísmicos, se efectuó un análisis exploratorio de los datos. Se establecieron las firmas sísmicas para cada litotipo y con la aplicación de métodos de minería de datos, se ajustó la capacidad de esos atributos para diferenciar cada litofacies. Fueron discretizados 4130 intervalos patrones en pozos. Para trabajar dentro de un dominio con gran incertidumbre, se empleó un algoritmo geoestadístico de simulación secuencial de indicadores para calcular las probabilidades. Se ejecutó la conversión de atributo sísmico a litofacies, mediante una clasificación supervisada, en una matriz de 350000 celdas (aproximadamente 43750 km3 en total), con los atributos sísmicos seleccionados como significativo y por último se estableció un cálculo de riesgo-recompensa que pronostica el alcance económico de esta estrategia.Historically the Cuban exploration strategy has been characterized by discovering productive oil intervals and to use its associated gas by conventional methods. The objective of this study was to create a methodology to detect reservoirs with free gaseous hydrocarbons contain, by seismic attributes. Were chosen two oilfields located in the Cuban Northern Oil Belt; (main Cuban oil region); Santa Cruz del Norte (learning pattern) and Jibacoa oil fields (predictive pattern). Were studied the Vega Alta Formation, a synogenic sequence of Paleocene-Middle Eocene age, with great lithological complexity and considered as a regional seal, but paradoxically, with significant hydrocarbons presence. A microfacial analysis was carried out, with the information of the cuttings, building a ternary model for clastite rocks and another model for carbonated and siliceous rocks. Were studied 1921 m by cuttings samples, predominantly clastic lithofacies. An exploratory data analysis was carried out, which permitted obtaining information about the unknown relationship between lithofacies and seismic attributes. The seismic signatures of lithofacial classification were determined, and with the assistance of data mining methods were adjusted the seismic attributes to differentiate lithofacies. These were discretized in 4130 standard patterns intervals. Probability values were calculated applying a geostatistics sequential simulation algorithm. The inverse task (conversion of seismic attributes to lithofacies) was executed, through a supervised classification, into a 350000 cells matrix (approximately 43750 km3), with the selected seismic attributes and finally, an exploration risk analysis was calculated for estimate the economic strategy

Nuclear DICKKOPF-1 as a biomarker of chemoresistance and poor clinical outcome in colorectal cancer

Sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) insurgence and progression depend on the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Dickkopf (DKK)-1 is an extracellular inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling that also has undefined β-catenin-independent actions. Here we report for the first time that a proportion of DKK-1 locates within the nucleus of healthy small intestine and colon mucosa, and of CRC cells at specific chromatin sites of active transcription. Moreover, we show that DKK-1 regulates several cancer-related genes including the cancer stem cell marker aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) and Ral-binding protein 1-associated Eps domain-containing 2 (REPS2), which are involved in detoxification of chemotherapeutic agents. Nuclear DKK-1 expression is lost along CRC progression; however, it remains high in a subset (15%) of CRC patients (n = 699) and associates with decreased progression-free survival (PFS) after chemotherapy administration and overall survival (OS) [adjusted HR, 1.65; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.23-2.21; P = 0.002)]. Overexpression of ALDH1A1 and REPS2 associates with nuclear DKK-1 expression in tumors and correlates with decreased OS (P = 0.001 and 0.014) and PFS. In summary, our findings demonstrate a novel location of DKK-1 within the cell nucleus and support a role of nuclear DKK-1 as a predictive biomarker of chemoresistance in colorectal cancer

Variability and correlations of traits related to seedling vigor in two natural populations of Pappophorum vaginatum Buckley

Se evaluó variabilidad y correlación fenotípica en caracteres vinculados con el vigor de plántula en dos poblaciones de P. vaginatum. Se pesaron y sembraron individualmente 100 cariopses por población ("A"; "B"). A los 43 días se determinó: longitud aérea (LA), radical (LR), total (LT) y de raíz adventicia más larga (Ladv); número de raíces adventicias (n°adv), hojas (n°hoj), hojas senescentes (n°sen) y macollos (n°mac) y peso seco aéreo (PSA) y radical (PSR). Se calculó peso seco total (PST), PSA/PSR y LA/LR. La variabilidad se analizó mediante estadística descriptiva y prueba de t. Se analizó correlación entre caracteres y regresión múltiple de los caracteres sobre PST. Las poblaciones no difirieron en PST (p≥0,05). "A" presentó mayor (p≤0,01) PSA/ PSR, LA/ LR y LA. "B" tuvo mayor (p≤0,05) LR, Ladv y PSR. Ambas poblaciones presentaron correlación significativa y positiva del PST con LA, LT, Ladv, n°adv, n°hoj y n°mac. La regresión fue significativa (p≤0,01). La variabilidad encontrada dentro y entre las poblaciones implica expectativas de respuesta a la selección. PST varió sólo dentro de poblaciones sugiriendo la conveniencia de selección intrapoblacional. La asociación encontrada entre los caracteres LA y n°mac y el vigor de plántula, debería ser considerada en la mejora genética de la implantación.It was evaluated variability and phenotypic correlation in traits related to seedling vigor in two natural populations of P.vaginatum. They were weighted and sowed individually 100 caryopses of each population ("A"; "B"). After 43 days it was determined: lenghts aerial (LA), root (LR), total (LT) and longest adventitious root (Ladv), number of adventitious root (n°adv), of leaves (n°hoj), of senescent leaves (n°sen) and of tillers (n°mac) and dry weight aerial (PSA) and root (PSR). It was calculated total dry weight (PST), PSA/PSR and LA/LR. Variability was analyzed by means of descriptive statistic and t test. It was analyzed correlation among traits and multiple regression of traits on PST. Populations did not differ in PST (p≥0.05). "A" had greater (p≤0.01) PSA/PSR, LA/LR and LA. "B" had higher (p≤0.05) LR, Ladv and PSR. Both populations showed significant and positive correlation of PST with LA, LT, Ladv, n°adv, n°hoj y n°mac. The regression was significant (p≤0.01). The variability found within and between populations implies expectations of response to selection. PST varied only within populations suggesting the convenience of intrapopulation selection. The association found between the traits LA and n°mac and the seedling vigor, should be considered for the genetic improvement of the implantation.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Variabilidad y correlaciones de caracteres vinculados con el vigor de plántula en dos poblaciones naturales de Pappophorum vaginatum Buckley

It was evaluated variability and phenotypic correlation in traits related to seedling vigor in two natural populations of P.vaginatum. They were weighted and sowed individually 100 caryopses of each population ("A"; "B"). After 43 days it was determined: lenghts aerial (LA), root (LR), total (LT) and longest adventitious root (Ladv), number of adventitious root (n°adv), of leaves (n°hoj), of senescent leaves (n°sen) and of tillers (n°mac) and dry weight aerial (PSA) and root (PSR). It was calculated total dry weight (PST), PSA/PSR and LA/LR. Variability was analyzed by means of descriptive statistic and t test. It was analyzed correlation among traits and multiple regression of traits on PST. Populations did not differ in PST (p≥0.05). "A" had greater (p≤0.01) PSA/PSR, LA/LR and LA. "B" had higher (p≤0.05) LR, Ladv and PSR. Both populations showed significant and positive correlation of PST with LA, LT, Ladv, n°adv, n°hoj y n°mac. The regression was significant (p≤0.01). The variability found within and between populations implies expectations of response to selection. PST varied only within populations suggesting the convenience of intrapopulation selection. The association found between the traits LA and n°mac and the seedling vigor, should be considered for the genetic improvement of the implantation.Se evaluó variabilidad y correlación fenotípica en caracteres vinculados con el vigor de plántula en dos poblaciones de P. vaginatum. Se pesaron y sembraron individualmente 100 cariopses por población ("A"; "B"). A los 43 días se determinó: longitud aérea (LA), radical (LR), total (LT) y de raíz adventicia más larga (Ladv); número de raíces adventicias (n°adv), hojas (n°hoj), hojas senescentes (n°sen) y macollos (n°mac) y peso seco aéreo (PSA) y radical (PSR). Se calculó peso seco total (PST), PSA/PSR y LA/LR. La variabilidad se analizó mediante estadística descriptiva y prueba de t. Se analizó correlación entre caracteres y regresión múltiple de los caracteres sobre PST. Las poblaciones no difirieron en PST (p≥0,05). "A" presentó mayor (p≤0,01) PSA/ PSR, LA/ LR y LA. "B" tuvo mayor (p≤0,05) LR, Ladv y PSR. Ambas poblaciones presentaron correlación significativa y positiva del PST con LA, LT, Ladv, n°adv, n°hoj y n°mac. La regresión fue significativa (p≤0,01). La variabilidad encontrada dentro y entre las poblaciones implica expectativas de respuesta a la selección. PST varió sólo dentro de poblaciones sugiriendo la conveniencia de selección intrapoblacional. La asociación encontrada entre los caracteres LA y n°mac y el vigor de plántula, debería ser considerada en la mejora genética de la implantación

¿Fumar es un placer? IV : Prevención de patologías orales prevalentes debidas al consumo de tabaco

A través de la Secretaria de Extensión Universitaria, tenemos la oportunidad de involucrarnos directamente con la sociedad, desarrollando actividades que nos permitan trabajar en pos de la salud pública. Pertenecemos al Proyecto de extensión Universitaria “Fumar es un Placer? ( Parte III)” de la Facultad de Odontología de UNLP. Éste viene desarrollándose desde del año 2018. Aquí proponemos brindar conocimientos y concientizar sobre el daño que genera el consumo de tabaco. Está destinado a adultos que concurren a escuelas de nivel primario de la Ciudad de Berisso. Se trata de una cooperación interactiva entre docentes y alumnos de Odontología e integrantes de la Facultad de Artes de la UNLP, combinando los diversos saberes y aprendiendo cada uno de los otros en la labor conjunta. Sabemos que el compromiso social es una de las características de nuestro hacer universitario, como extensionistas, asumimos esa función. De éste modo, nos permite incentivar la formación de los estudiantes con responsabilidad social universitaria, al realizar demostraciones para que asuman el compromiso con solidaridad. Con la llegada de la Pandemia por Covid 19, se elaboraron e implementaron nuevas formas de pensar nuestra actividad acorde con los tiempos que corrían. Buscamos construir nuevas propuestas de enseñanza que motiven a los adultos a alejarse de ese vicio y además de adoptar medidas para prevenir la propagación de Covid-19.Facultad de Odontologí