Language dependency in parsing: Evidence from monolingual and bilingual processing

Language dependency in parsing results when the parsing strategies used by bilinguals depend on the language of the input, in the case that cross-linguistic differences in processing exist. If bilingual parsing is language independent, on the other hand, bilinguals will process all input using the same strategies---those of L1, those of L2, or an amalgamated or compromised set of L1 and L2 strategies. This discussion evaluates existing research on bilingual processing, regarding how well it addresses questions related to the language dependency issue, as well as recent research on cross-linguistic differences in parsing. As a preview into the future of bilingual sentence processing research, this paper also reports preliminary evidence on bilingual sentence processing which shows that language history strongly influences strategy use in the second language of bilinguals

Thickness and fluctuations of free and adsorbed liquid films

Effective mesoscopic Hamiltonians with the thickness of the adsorbed liquid films as a collective variable have been widely used in the study of adsorbed systems. In the present work, we show that the intrinsic surface of a liquid-vapor interface provides a very accurate way to evaluate the instantaneous film thickness in computer simulations. This film thickness follows with quantitative accuracy the predictions of simple model Hamiltonians, even for films as thin as one monolayer, and the effective interfacial potential has the simplest exponential form with a surprising accuracy, from a single monolayer to very thick films. For both the free liquid slabs and the adsorbed films and despite of the low vapor density, we have found that the fluctuations associated with the evaporation of particles to the vapor and their condensation in the liquid layer give an important contribution to the probability distributions of the liquid film thickness in our canonical (NVT) simulationsWe acknowledge the support of the Spanish Minister of Science and Innovation (Grant No. FIS2010-22047-C05) and the Comunidad Autonoma de Madrid under program MODELICO (Grant No. S2009/ESP-1691

Capillary wave spectrum at adsorbed liquid films

Capillary wave fluctuations at the edges of liquid wetting layers are analyzed in Monte Carlo simulations of a Lennard-Jones fluid adsorbed on a planar wall substrate. The analysis is based on the Fourier modes of the liquid surface, constructed via the intrinsic sampling method. For films thinner than four molecular layers we can quantify the damping of the capillary waves due to the wall potential. Our results are presented in the theoretical framework of the effective surface Hamiltonians, to establish a quantitative link between the molecular structure and the mesoscopic descriptions used for renormalization-group analysis. We observe the predicted exponential decay of the wall damping, with the correlation length of the liquid bulk. However, associated with the molecular layering of the density profiles, we observe a strong oscillatory dependence with respect to the mean film thickness, not included in any theoretical prediction. We discuss the possibility of finite-size effects in this respect. Three different definitions of the intrinsic surface at molecular level are tested, to show that the square gradient terms of the Hamiltonian are robust, while the surface bending (or nonlocal) terms are tied to each specific definitionWe acknowledge the support of the Spanish Minister of Science and Innovation (Grant No. FIS2010-22047-C05) and the Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid under program MODELICO (Grant No. S2009/ESP-1691

Study of odd–even effects in physisorption and chemisorption of Ar, N2, O2 and NO on open shell Ag11–13+ clusters by means of self-consistent van der Waals density functional calculations

Producción CientíficaWe have studied the adsorption and coadsorption properties of one or more X = Ar, N2, O2, and NO adsorbates on cationic silver clusters Ag11–13+, whose sizes are in the open shell region of metal clusters, aiming to understand the observed odd–even effects in the abundance spectra of Ag11–13+·mX complexes. All calculations were performed self-consistently using a non-local van der Waals correlation functional, covering the different nature of the interactions between the silver substrate and the several adsorbates, which range from dispersion (London) forces for Ar, non covalent π–π interactions for N2, charge-transfer interactions for O2 and NO, and the covalent Ag–Ag bond in the nude silver cluster. Despite the wide interval of adsorption energies, spanning two orders of magnitude, we have been able to explain the following experimental facts. For X = Ar, N2, and O2 reactions with Ag11–13+, it was observed in the mass spectra an abundance peak at n = 12 [M. Schmidt, et al., ChemPhysChem, 2015, 16, 855]. In addition it was observed the competitive adsorption of two or more N2 molecules, and the cooperative effect of adsorbing N2 together with O2 molecules. For X = NO, an abundance peak at n = 12 has been also observed [J. Ma, et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2016, 18, 12819]. We find that the main factors determining these properties are the different core motifs of the cluster geometry (pentagonal bipiramid for Ag11+ and Ag13+, but triangular prism for Ag12+) and, on the other hand, the odd number of valence electrons for Ag12+, leading to a smaller HOMO–LUMO gap than those of its neighbours. Further details about the preferred adsorption sites, dipole moments, and dipole polarizabilities are also discussed.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universisades (project PGC2018-093745-B-I0)Junta de Castilla y León (programa de apoyo a proyectos de investigación - Ref. Project VA124G18)Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (Project RYC-2014-15261

Estrategias de búsqueda de empleo en jóvenes: ¿existen diferencias por género?

III Jornades d'Investigació per a l'Alumnat de la Facultat de Ciències de la SalutIntroduction: It has been found that in the field of medical afflictions active coping is related with a better response to treatment. However, the influence of coping strategies on Adjustment Disorder (AD) has not been sufficiently analyzed. Aim: To explore the predictive value of coping styles to predict the severity of symptoms and clinical change in patients with AD. Method: The sample included 44 patients who received a 6-8 session CBT for AD. Brief COPE questionnaire (Carver, 1997) was used to measure coping strategies. Depressive and stress and loss symptoms were assessed at post-intervention and 3, 6 and 12 months follow-ups. Results: Coping strategies did not predict the severity of depressive symptoms, however, they showed significant relationship with the severity of symptoms related to stress and loss. These symptoms were less severe in patients who used more cognitive coping strategies and less blocking or avoidance strategies. Regarding to clinical change, treatment outcomes were independent of the initial coping styles at post-intervention and 3 and 12 months follow-up. Nevertheless, greater use of social support predicted a more significant improvement in stress and loss symptoms at 6 months follow-up. Conclusions: Results highlight the predictive role of active coping (cognitive and social) in the improvement of symptoms related to the stressful event. It is recommended to promote the use of adaptive coping strategies during the treatment of AD.The breakdown of labor stability that has been experienced in the last decade has producedan increase in unemployment, especially in the young population, and of scientificinterest in the field of job search. However, current research has not applied thegender perspective in this field. For this reason, the aim of the present study is to analyzeif the young people face with the search of employment in a differential way according totheir gender. A qualitative longitudinal study was carried out with 28 young people whohad been unemployed for at least one year. Through a diary study, the subjects describedfor five working days in a row the activities related to the job search they had carried out.The results show that, although women have used fewer techniques per day than men,they have used more techniques on average during the week than men. In addition, it should be emphasized that several women carried out training-related activities while nomen did. In conclusion, the results suggest that there are gender differences that need tobe taken into account when tackling youth employment orientation

Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges as manifestation of pneumococcal meningoencephalitis

Periodic Lateralized Epileptiform Discharges (PLEDs) are usually seen in the context of destructive structural lesions of the cortex, more frequently in acute ischemic stroke and less common in tumours and meningoencephalitis, specially herpes simplex virus. Its origin and prognosis are uncertain but it is known that PLEDs are linked to epilectic seizures, including status epilepticus

OBIA System for Identifying Mesoscale Oceanic Structures in SeaWiFS and MODIS-Aqua Images

The ocean covers over 70% of the surface of our planet and plays a key role in the global climate. Most ocean circulation is mesoscale (scales of 50–500 km and 10–100 days), and the energy in mesoscale circulation is at least one order of magnitude greater than general circulation; therefore, the study of mesoscale oceanic structures (MOS) is crucial to ocean dynamics, making it especially useful for analyzing global changes. The detection of MOS, such as upwellings or eddies, from satellites images is significant for marine environmental studies and coastal resource management. In this paper, we present an object-based image analysis (OBIA) system which segments and classifies regions contained in sea-viewing field-of-view sensor (SeaWiFS) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS)-Aqua sensor satellite images into MOS. After color clustering and hierarchical data format (HDF) file processing, the OBIA system segments images and extracts image descriptors, producing primary regions. Then, it merges regions, recalculating image descriptors for MOS identification and definition. First, regions are labeled by a human-expert, who identifies MOS: upwellings, eddies, cool, and warm eddies. Labeled regions are then classified by learning algorithms (i.e., decision tree, Bayesian network, artificial neural network, genetic algorithm, and near neighbor algorithm) from selected features. Finally, the OBIA system enables images to be queried from the user interface and retrieved by means of fuzzy descriptors and oceanic structures. We tested our system with images from the Canary Islands and the North West African coast

A location-based approach to the classification of mesoscale oceanic structures in SeaWiFS and Aqua-MODIS images of Northwest Africa

This study presents a different approach to the classification of Mesoscale Oceanic Structures (MOS) present in the Northwest African area, based on their location. The main improvement stems from the partition of this area in four large zones perfectly differentiated by their morphological characteristics, with attention to seafloor topography and coastal relief. This decomposition makes it easier to recognize structures under adverse conditions, basically the presence of clouds partly hiding them. This is observed particularly well in upwellings, which are usually very large structures with a different morphology and genesis in each zone. This approach not only improves the classification of the upwellings, but also makes it possible to analyse changes in the MOS over time, thereby improving the prediction of its morphological evolution. To identify and label the MOS classified in the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) and Aqua-MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) chlorophyll-a and temperature images, we used a tool specifically designed by our group for this purpose and which has again shown its validity in this new proposal

Mechanisms of Moral Disengagement in the Transition from Cybergossip to Cyberaggression: A Longitudinal Study

The internet is an area where young people establish relationships and develop socially, emotionally and morally, but it also gives rise to certain forms of online behaviour, such as cybergossip, which are associated with cyberaggression and other risky behaviour. The aims of this study were to verify whether a longitudinal association exists between cybergossip and cyberaggression, and to discover which mechanisms of moral disengagement may mediate this relationship. The final sample consisted of 1392 students (50% girls; Mage = 13.47; SD = 0.77), who were surveyed in a three-wave longitudinal study at six-month intervals. The results obtained confirmed a direct, positive relationship between cybergossip, subsequent cyberaggression and the mediation exerted by cognitive restructuring in this transition. We discuss the importance of recognizing and detecting the fine distinction between online gossip and cyberaggression with the intention of doing harm, and focus on the justifications used by young people to normalize online bullying. To sum up, there is a clear need to encourage ethical, responsible behaviour in online interactions in order to achieve well-balanced, more sustainable relationships in classrooms