Derecho a la intimidad y a la protección de datos personales en la relación laboral

Treball Final de Grau en Relacions Laborals i Recursos Humans. Codi: RL0947. Curs acadèmic 2015-2016Actualmente es un hecho indudable que el progreso tecnológico tiene una importancia social y laboral, entre ellas la videovigilancia, los medios electrónicos, las redes sociales, etc. Esto da lugar al surgimiento de nuevas cuestiones visto desde una doble perspectiva: la limitación por parte del poder empresarial sobre la intimidad de las trabajadores y del derecho a la protección de datos de los mismos. En el presente trabajo se analizan veinticinco sentencias que surgen a raíz de los conflictos laborales entre empleador y empleado sobre la utilización de estos mecanismos tecnológicos e informáticos con ocasión de una relación laboral. Se presta especial atención a aquellas situaciones para la vigilancia de los trabajadores relativas a la instalación de videocámaras, circuitos cerrados y en las que la información obtenida es a través de de redes sociales. La jurisprudencia extraída será útil para probar y determinar aquellos casos en los que el trabajador ha incurrido en un grave incumplimiento de sus obligaciones laborales, justificando así las la consecuencias del incumplimiento contractual

Nanoestructurado de materia condensada blanda con aplicaciones en electrónica orgánica

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, leída el 21-10-2019Organic, light, flexible materials with functional properties as electrical conductivity and ferroelectricity that can be used in electronic devices are likely to be a safe bet for the future. However, these materials present much lower efficiencies compared with their analog inorganic materials. Therefore, a lot of research is still to be done to put organic materials in the competitive market. Nanostructuring is one of the most important approaches to achieve this objective, due in part to the requirement of miniaturization of electronic devices and because of the possibility of tuning the properties of these materials by modifying their structure at the nanoscale. This Thesis is focused on the fabrication of nanostructures on soft matter, mainly polymeric materials, with semiconducting and/or ferroelectric properties. Three kinds of nanostructures were fabricated: nanolayers or thin films (Chapter 3), surface nanostructures generated by laser irradiation (Chapter 4) and by nanoimprint lithography (Chapter 5), and nanoparticles (Chapter 6)...Los materiales orgánicos que presentan propiedades funcionales como la conductividad eléctrica y la ferroelectricidad, además de sus propiedades de ligereza y flexibilidad, son una apuesta segura para el futuro debido a la posibilidad de emplearlos en dispositivos electrónicos. Sin embargo, comparados con materiales inorgánicos análogos, presentan eficiencias mucho menores. Es por ello que aún debe realizarse un esfuerzo de investigación y desarrollo considerable, con el objetivo de colocar a estos materiales orgánicos en un nivel competitivo en el mercado. La nanoestructuración es uno de los caminos más investigados para conseguir este objetivo, no solo por la demanda actual de miniaturización de dispositivos electrónicos sino también por la posibilidad de modificar las propiedades funcionales de estos materiales mediante la alteración de su nanoestructura. Esta Tesis está enfocada a la fabricación y al estudio de nanoestructuras de materia condensada blanda, principalmente polímeros, con propiedades semiconductoras y/o ferroeléctricas. Se han fabricado tres tipos de nanoestructuras: nanocapas o películas delgadas (Capítulo 3), nanoestructuras superficiales mediante irradiación con láser (Capítulo 4) y nanoestructuras mediante litografía de nanoimpresión (Capítulo 5), así como nanopartículas (Capítulo 6).Fac. de Ciencias FísicasTRUEunpu

On the effects of ranking by unemployment duration

We propose a theory based on the firm's hiring behavior that rationalizes the observed significant decline of callback rates for an interview and exit rates from unemployment and the mild decline of reemployment wages over unemployment duration. We build a directed search model with symmetric incomplete information on worker types and non-sequential search by firms. Sorting due to firms' testing of applicants in the past makes expected productivity fall with duration, which induces firms to rank applicants by duration. In equilibrium callback and exit rates both fall with unemployment duration. In our numerical exercise using U.S. data we show that our model can replicate quite well the observed falling patterns, with the firm's ranking decision accounting for a sizable part

Advanced targeted therapies in cancer: Drug nanocarriers, the future of chemotherapy

Cancer is the second worldwide cause of death, exceeded only by cardiovascular diseases. It is characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation and an absence of cell death that, except for hematological cancers, generates an abnormal cell mass or tumor. This primary tumor grows thanks to new vascularization and, in time, acquires metastatic potential and spreads to other body sites, which causes metastasis and finally death. Cancer is caused by damage or mutations in the genetic material of the cells due to environmental or inherited factors. While surgery and radiotherapy are the primary treatment used for local and non-metastatic cancers, anti-cancer drugs (chemotherapy, hormone and biological therapies) are the choice currently used in metastatic cancers. Chemotherapy is based on the inhibition of the division of rapidly growing cells, which is a characteristic of the cancerous cells, but unfortunately, it also affects normal cells with fast proliferation rates, such as the hair follicles, bone marrow and gastrointestinal tract cells, generating the characteristic side effects of chemotherapy. The indiscriminate destruction of normal cells, the toxicity of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs, as well as the development of multidrug resistance, support the need to find new effective targeted treatments based on the changes in the molecular biology of the tumor cells. These novel targeted therapies, of increasing interest as evidenced by FDA-approved targeted cancer drugs in recent years, block biologic transduction pathways and/or specific cancer proteins to induce the death of cancer cells by means of apoptosis and stimulation of the immune system, or specifically deliver chemotherapeutic agents to cancer cells, minimizing the undesirable side effects. Although targeted therapies can be achieved directly by altering specific cell signaling by means of monoclonal antibodies or small molecules inhibitors, this review focuses on indirect targeted approaches that mainly deliver chemotherapeutic agents to molecular targets overexpressed on the surface of tumor cells. In particular, we offer a detailed description of different cytotoxic drug carriers, such as liposomes, carbon nanotubes, dendrimers, polymeric micelles, polymeric conjugates and polymeric nanoparticles, in passive and active targeted cancer therapy, by enhancing the permeability and retention or by the functionalization of the surface of the carriers, respectively, emphasizing those that have received FDA approval or are part of the most important clinical studies up to date. These drug carriers not only transport the chemotherapeutic agents to tumors, avoiding normal tissues and reducing toxicity in the rest of the body, but also protect cytotoxic drugs from degradation, increase the half-life, payload and solubility of cytotoxic agents and reduce renal clearance.Despite the many advantages of all the anticancer drug carriers analyzed, only a few of them have reached the FDA approval, in particular, two polymer-protein conjugates, five liposomal formulations and one polymeric nanoparticle are available in the market, in contrast to the sixteen FDA approval of monoclonal antibodies. However, there are numerous clinical trials in progress of polymer-protein and polymer-drug conjugates, liposomal formulations, including immunoliposomes, polymeric micelles and polymeric nanoparticles. Regarding carbon nanotubes or dendrimers, there are no FDA approvals or clinical trials in process up to date due to their unresolved toxicity. Moreover, we analyze in detail the more promising and advanced preclinical studies of the particular case of polymeric nanoparticles as carriers of different cytotoxic agents to active and passive tumor targeting published in the last 5 years, since they have a huge potential in cancer therapy, being one of the most widely studied nano-platforms in this field in the last years. The interest that these formulations have recently achieved is stressed by the fact that 90% of the papers based on cancer therapeutics with polymeric nanoparticles have been published in the last 6 years (PubMed search).Authors acknowledge financial support from University of Salamanca, Spain. AFM work is supported by grants FIS PI13/02846 and RTICC RD12/0036/0001 from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain, and grant SA181U13 from JCyL, Spain. EPH work is supported by grant FS/25-2014 from Fundación en Memoria de D. Samuel Solórzano Barruso, Spain.Peer Reviewe

Identifying, Quantifying, and Recovering a Sorbitol-Type Petrochemical Additive in Industrial Wastewater and Its Subsequent Application in a Polymeric Matrix as a Nucleating Agent

Currently, polypropylene (PP) is highlighted using sorbitol-based clarifying agents since these agents are high quality, low cost, and work as a barrier against moisture, which makes PP ideal for packaging food, beverages, and medical products, among others. The use of analytical methods capable of recovering these additives in wastewater streams and then reusing them in the PP clarification stage represents an innovative methodology that makes a substantial contribution to the circular economy of the PP production industry. In this study, a method of extraction and recovery of the Millad NX 8000 was developed. The additive was recovered using GC-MS and extracted with an activated carbon column plus glass fiber, using an injection molded sample, obtaining a recovery rate greater than 96%. TGA, DSC, and FTIR were used to evaluate the recovered additive’s glass transitions and purity. The thermal degradation of the recovered additive was found to be between 340 and 420 °C, with a melting temperature of 246 °C, adopting the same behavior as the pure additive. In FTIR, the characteristic absorption peak of Millad NX 8000 was observed at 1073 cm−1, which indicates the purity of the extracted compound. Therefore, this work develops a new additive recovery methodology with high purity to regulate the crystallization behavior and of PP. © 2023 by the authors

Experimental–Density Functional Theory (DFT) Study of the Inhibitory Effect of Furan Residues in the Ziegler–Natta Catalyst during Polypropylene Synthesis

In this experimental–theoretical study, the effect of furan on Ziegler–Natta catalyst produc tivity, melt flow index (MFI), and mechanical properties of polypropylene were investigated. Through the analysis of the global and local reactivity of the reagents, it was determined that the furan acts as an electron donor. In contrast, the titanium of the ZN catalyst acts as an electron acceptor. It is postulated that this difference in reactivity could lead to forming a furan–titanium complex, which blocks the catalyst’s active sites and reduces its efficiency for propylene polymerization. Theoretical results showed a high adsorption affinity of furan to the active site of the Ti catalyst, indicating that furan tends to bind strongly to the catalyst, thus blocking the active sites and decreasing the availability for propylene polymerization. The experimental data revealed that the presence of furan significantly reduced the productivity of the ZN catalyst by 10, 20, and 41% for concentrations of 6, 12.23, and 25.03 ppm furan, respectively. In addition, a proportional relationship was observed between the furan concentration and the MFI melt index of the polymer, where the higher the furan concentration, the higher the MFI. Likewise, the presence of furan negatively affected the mechanical properties of polypropylene, especially the impact Izod value, with percentage decreases of 9, 18, and 22% for concentrations of 6, 12.23, and 25.03 ppm furan, respectivelyUniversidad Tecnológica de Bolivar, Universidad de Cartagena, Universidad de la Cost

¿Confía en sus conocimientos geométricos para construir figuras semejantes?

En este documento explicitamos en primer lugar algunos asuntos relativos a la reflexión que se puede dar en torno a dos de los aspectos mencionados, a saber: la construcción de figuras semejantes y la definición de criterios para decidir sobre la semejanza de dos figuras. En segundo lugar, presentamos elementos descriptivos de un taller para profesores que aborda los dos aspectos señalados

Rutas pedagógicas en matemáticas: ¿azar o construcción?

En el período comprendido entre septiembre de 2001 y octubre de 2002, una Empresa Docente de la Universidad de los Andes adelantó el proyecto de investigación "Rutas pedagógicas de las matemáticas escolares. Una mirada a la práctica del profesor", con el propósito de acopiar información que contribuyera a lograr descripciones de la práctica de los profesores de matemáticas en instituciones de educación de básica secundaria de Bogotá. Tales descripciones, por la gran y variada cantidad de aspectos que consideran, pueden ayudar a conocer y comprender cómo suceden la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las matemáticas en medio de prácticas socioculturales. La práctica docente del profesor de matemáticas observada desde el lente de la conceptualización construida, se percibe como una experiencia que difiere en alguna medida de la denominada "tradicional", pero que aun así no alcanza a transformar la manera de abordar las matemáticas

Transformar la enseñanza de la proporcionalidad en la escuela: un hueso duro de roer

Esta publicación, resultado del “Programa de desarrollo profesional de profesores de matemáticas de Escuelas Normales Superiores”. El libro consta de dos partes: la primera, incluye dos artículos de los tutores del Programa y la segunda, incluye once artículos de grupos de profesores que participaron en el Programa en representación de sendas Escuelas Normales Superiores

Y a la hora de la verdad, en las clases de matemáticas ¿cómo se decide sobre la verdad?

Los movimientos de reforma promulgan que al evaluar el trabajo del estudiante, la mirada de las personas encargadas de hacerlo -el profesor, el mismo estudiante, sus compañeros- debería enfocarse en distintos aspectos que pueden ayudar al estudiante a avanzar en su aprendizaje, al proporcionar información sobre éste y sobre su comprensión. Los resultados encontrados en un estudio realizado en colegios de educación básica secundaria de Bogotá muestran, que si bien los profesores no usan expresiones descalificadoras para juzgar el trabajo, el foco principal sigue siendo la respuesta correcta