Dietary counseling in the management of moderate malnourishment in children.

BACKGROUND: Dietary counseling is an integral part of treating malnutrition. A first step toward improving the management of moderate malnutrition is to evaluate dietary messages in current programs and assess their adequacy and effectiveness. OBJECTIVES: To ascertain current recommendations regarding family foods for the treatment of moderate malnutrition and assess whether these are likely to meet nutritional requirements for rehabilitation; to review the effectiveness of dietary counseling in the management of moderate malnutrition. METHODS: Information was requested from 10 United Nations agencies or donors, 20 international nongovernmental organizations, 3 pediatric associations, and 6 national programs about the dietary advice they give to caregivers of moderately malnourished children. Adequacy was assessed by comparing dietary recommendations with nutritional requirements. Linear programming was used to identify problem nutrients. A literature search was conducted of studies using family foods for rehabilitating malnourished children. RESULTS: There was a greater emphasis on providing food supplements for rehabilitation than on utilizing family foods. Dietary recommendations were mostly vague and unlikely to be effective. Those developed by the World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization for well-nourished children may meet nutritional requirements in moderate malnutrition if the recommendations are made more prescriptive. Zinc and vitamin E emerged as possible problem nutrients. Intervention studies in wasted children suggest that counseling caregivers about family foods can achieve good rates of weight gain. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary counseling can be effective in managing malnutrition, but it is often weak or absent and should be strengthened. More attention will need to be given to formulating the messages and improving counseling skills

Psicoanálisis y feminismo

This paper explains three schools of psychoanalytic feminist thought: Lacanian, Sexual Difference, and Object Relations approaches. Their agreements and differences are examined: for enample, the Sexual Difference school of French and Italian psychoanalytic feminism stems from a Lacanian basecorrected for a more independent feminine imaginary, while Object Relations feminism places gender development in the pre-Oedipal phase, suggesting women have more grounded gender identities than men. Butler's view that gender is performative in relation to unconscious masculine and feminine imaginaries structured by heterosexual norms is presented as a post-structuralist variant of psychoanalytic feminism. Political implications for all approaches are indicated, and the author presents her own mod$cation of psychoanalysis to account for historical differences between women as well as political effects of feminist organizing on masculine and feminine subjectivities.El articulo explica tres escuelas de pensamiento feminista psicoanalitico: el enfoque lacaniano, el de la diferencia sexual y el de las relaciones objetales, y examina sus coincidencias y diferencias. Por ejemplo, la escuela de la diferencia sexual del feminismo psicoanalitico francés e italiano parte de una base lacaniana rectificada para dar cabida a un imaginaria femenino más independiente, mientras que el feminismo de las relaciones objetales sitúa el desarrollo del género en la fase preedípica, lo cual sugiere que las mujeres poseen identidades de género más sólidamente asentadas que los hombres. La idea de Butler de que el género es ccinterpretativou en relación con los imaginarios masculino y femenino inconscientes estructurados por las normas heterosexuales, se presenta como una variante postestructuralista del feminismo psicoanalítico. Se indican las implicaciones políticads de todos estos enfoques y la autora presenta su propia modificación del psicoanálisis a fin de dar cuenta de las diferencias históricas entre las mujeres, así como de los efectos políticos de las subjetividades masculina y femenina desde el punto de vista de la organización política feminista

Iris Marion Young. Responsabilidad social y solidaridad

Este artículo propone suplementar el modelo de Young de la responsabilidad como conexión social con la propuesta de la justicia como solidaridad. No se apela a una solidaridad meramente cosmopolita y abstracta, sino a una identificada con redes de ayuda y cooperación transnacionales que han surgido frente a las agresiones de la globalización neoliberal a los más empobrecidos, especialmente a las mujeres de clase humilde que afrontan los retos de la feminización de la pobreza y de la supervivencia. Se atiende a la interseccionalidad de las opresiones para dar base a la solidaridad feminista. Y, finalmente, se propone a la economía solidaria emergente -especialmente nos brinda ejemplos de Latinoamérica y de lazos políticos con iniciativas estadounidenses ligadas al comercio justo y a la colaboración transnacional- como fundamentos de la solidaridad global.This article aims at supplementing Young's model of responsibility as social linkage with that of Justice as Solidarity. We move beyond a discussion of solidarity as a mere cosmopolitan and abstract concept. Solidarity applies somehow to a number of assistance networks and transnational cooperation that have emerged to confront neoliberal, globalised aggressions to the poor, mostly to poor women challenging the feminization of poverty and survival. We resort to the the so-called Oppressions' Intersectionality to contextualize feminist Solidarity. Finally, we discuss the growing strength of Solidarity Economy to become the basis of global solidarity, specially after successful experiences in Latin America and various North-American initiatives concerning fair trade and transnational collaboration

Developing a self-report measure to assess disclosure strategies in adult male prisoners and its association with personality

Purpose – The current study aims to report on the development of a self-report measure of disclosure strategies in adult male prisoners (violent and acquisitive offences) and its association with personality and self-esteem. Design/methodology/approach – The study employed an adapted version of the Delphi technique to develop initial items for inclusion in the new disclosure measure (Disclosure Management Questionnaire: DMQ). This element of the study utilised an “expert sample” of forensic psychologists. A total of 94 prisoners then completed the developed measure. Factor analysis was utilised to explore the structure of the measure, which subsequently allowed associations between disclosure strategies, personality and self-esteem to be identified. Findings – Analysis revealed a measure of disclosure (the DMQ) comprising four subscales: Exploratory Engagement, Placatory/Evasive Engagement, Passive Resistance and Active Resistance. Significant correlations were identified between the personality trait Neuroticism and higher levels of Placatory/Evasive Engagement and Active Resistance of forensic clients during the disclosure process. Self-esteem was also found to correlate with disclosure, in that high trait self-esteem was found to be associated with higher exploratory engagement, whereas low trait self-esteem was associated with higher levels of active resistance of the disclosure process. Originality/value – Developing an understanding of the nature and function of disclosure and how these relate to individual factors such as personality (including trait self-esteem) provides valuable knowledge and alternative ways of supporting forensic clients in discussing difficult issues related to their offending

From her garden

1995 Spring.Knowing that beauty is a subjective response, I work diligently to translate my response into a broader visual expression. Accentuation of value, color, and implied movement is the formal vehicle for that translation. I select subject matter, that of vegetables, fruits, flowers, baskets and tablecloths, for both formal and psychological reasons. The chosen imagery refers to the "garden" of my childhood and to the challenges of growing up, leaving home and meeting the world with all its complexities. Painting is a recreation of my odyssey

Small corners: an "interiors" project

Concentration research paper.Dec. 12, 1993.Includes bibliographic references

Jo Ann Ferguson in a Senior Piano Recital

This is the program for the senior piano recital of Jo Ann Ferguson. The recital took place on February 11, 1963, in Mitchell Hall

Introducing--new and improved : the marketing of changed institutions of higher learning

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which colleges and universities that have changed significantly have taken a planned approach to marketing their institutions through their external communications. Changed image institutions are defined as those degree-granting institutions that have changed name, sex status, or number of years of instruction offered within the past two decades since 1966. The sample contained six public and six private institutions--two public and two private institutions in each category.;Publications of various divisions of the institutions were analyzed for consistency of image presentation. Commercially published college guides were consulted for accuracy of descriptions of sample institutions. Site visits were conducted where persons representing various functional areas of the institutions studied were interviewed.;A guidance counselor survey was conducted in which counselors were asked to identify the list of colleges and universities as public or private, single-sex or coeducational, two- or four-year. Each institution was also rated on its attempts to inform counselors of changes, improvements in quality as perceived by counselors, and effectiveness of communications efforts.;Based on four measures of consistency: publication analysis, personal interviews, internal image perception analysis, and guidance counselor survey results, no institution rated high on all measures. However, all of the gender-change institutions rated high on three measures. All of the year-change institutions rated high on two of the consistency measures. The four name-change institutions scored sporadically on the various consistency indicators. A major consideration in effectiveness of these institutions\u27 attempts to communicate a changed image is the amount of time elapsed since the change. The gender changes occurred earliest of those changes in the sample. The year changes were more recent than the gender changes while the majority of the name changes were most recent.;This study concludes that evidence of a high degree of marketing planning is in existence in the sample institutions. With one-third of the sample rating high on 75 percent of the consistency measures and another third rating high on 50 percent, a fair conclusion is that marketing planning is an important consideration for administrators in higher education today

Question of character, A: 'visibility' in the portraits of John Singer Sargent

AR 592.Art history research paper.1993 Spring.April 13, 1993.Includes bibliographic references (page 20)