Centrality, system size and energy dependences of charged-particle pseudo-rapidity distribution

Utilizing the three-fireball picture within the quark combination model, we study systematically the charged particle pseudorapidity distributions in both Au+Au and Cu+Cu collision systems as a function of collision centrality and energy, $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 19.6, 62.4, 130 and 200 GeV, in full pseudorapidity range. We find that: (i)the contribution from leading particles to $dN_{ch}/d\eta$ distributions increases with the decrease of the collision centrality and energy respectively; (ii)the number of the leading particles is almost independent of the collision energy, but it does depend on the nucleon participants $N_{part}$; (iii)if Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions at the same collision energy are selected to have the same $N_{part}$, the resulting of charged particle $dN/d\eta$ distributions are nearly identical, both in the mid-rapidity particle density and the width of the distribution. This is true for both 62.4 GeV and 200 GeV data. (iv)the limiting fragmentation phenomenon is reproduced. (iiv) we predict the total multiplicity and pseudorapidity distribution for the charged particles in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}= 5.5$ TeV. Finally, we give a qualitative analysis of the $N_{ch}/$ and $dN_{ch}/d\eta/|_{\eta\approx0}$ as function of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ and $N_{part}$ from RHIC to LHC.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figure

Theoretical Analysis on Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition

The study on deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) is very important because this mechanism has relevance to safety issues in industries, where combustible premixed gases are in general use. However, the quantitative prediction of DDT is one of the major unsolved problems in combustion and detonation theory to date. In this paper, the DDT process is studied theoretically and the critical condition is given by a concise theoretical expression. The results show that a deflagration wave propagating with about 60% Chapman-Jouguet (C-J) detonation velocity is a critical condition. This velocity is the maximum propagating velocity of a deflagration wave and almost equal to the sound speed of combustion products. When this critical conation is reached, a C-J detonation is triggered immediately. This is the quantitative criteria of the DDT process

Centrality dependence of pTp_{T} spectra for identified hadrons in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at sNN=200\sqrt{s_{NN}}= 200 GeV

The centrality dependence of transverse momentum spectra for identified hadrons at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}= 200$ GeV is systematically studied in a quark combination model. The $\mathrm{{p}_{T}}$ spectra of $\pi^{\pm}$, $K^{\pm}$, $p(\bar{p})$ and $\Lambda(\bar{\Lambda})$ in different centrality bins and the nuclear modification factors ($R_{CP}$) for these hadrons are calculated. The centrality dependence of the average collective transverse velocity $$ for the hot and dense quark matter is obtained in Au+Au collisions, and it is applied to a relative smaller Cu+Cu collision system. The centrality dependence of $\mathrm{{p}_{T}}$ spectra and the $R_{CP}$ for $\pi^{0}$, $K_{s}^{0}$ and $\Lambda$ in Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}= 200$ GeV are well described. The results show that $<\beta (r)>$ is only a function of the number of participants $N_{part}$ and it is independent of the collision system.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure

Detection of STAT2 in early stage of cervical premalignancy and in cervical cancer

AbstractObjectiveTo measure the expression pattern of STAT2 in cervical cancer initiation and progression in tissue sections from patients with cervicitis, dysplasia, and cervical cancer.MethodsAntibody against human STAT2 was confirmed by plasmids transient transfection and Western blot. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect STAT2 expression in the cervical biopsies by using the confirmed antibody against STAT2 as the primary antibody.ResultsIt was found that the overall rate of positive STAT2 expression in the cervicitis, dysplasia and cervical cancer groups were 38.5%, 69.4% and 76.9%, respectively. The STAT2 levels are significantly increased in premalignant dysplasia and cervical cancer, as compared to cervicitis (P< 0.05). Noticeably, STAT2 signals were mainly found in the cytoplasm, implying that STAT2 was not biologically active.ConclusionsThese findings reveal an association between cervical cancer progression and augmented STAT2 expression. In conclusion, STAT2 increase appears to be an early detectable cellular event in cervical cancer development

Topographic beta spiral and onshore intrusion of the Kuroshio Current

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2018. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 45 (2018): 287–296, doi:10.1002/2017GL076614.The Kuroshio intrusion plays a vitally important role in carrying nutrients to marginal seas. However, the key mechanism leading to the Kuroshio intrusion remains unclear. In this study we postulate a mechanism: when the Kuroshio runs onto steep topography northeast of Taiwan, the strong inertia gives rise to upwelling over topography, leading to a left-hand spiral in the stratified ocean. This is called the topographic beta spiral, which is a major player regulating the Kuroshio intrusion; this spiral can be inferred from hydrographic surveys. In the world oceans, the topographic beta spirals can be induced by upwelling generated by strong currents running onto steep topography. This is a vital mechanism regulating onshore intruding flow and the cross-shelf transport of energy and nutrients from the Kuroshio Current to the East China Sea. This topographic beta spiral reveals a long-term missing link between the oceanic general circulation theory and shelf dynamic theory.Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Grant Numbers: XDA11020104, XDA110203052; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Grant Numbers: 41576023, 41376030, 41476019; Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of NSFC Grant Number: 41421005; NSFC-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers Grant Number: U1406401; Aoshan Sci-Tec Innovative Project of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Grant Number: 2016ASKJ02; National Key Research and Development Program of China Grant Numbers: 2017YFC1404000, 2016YFC1401601; National Key research and development Plan Sino-Australian Center for Healthy Coasts Grant Number: 2016YFE01015002018-07-1

Solar Driven Gas Phase Advanced Oxidation Processes for Methane Removal – Challenges and Perspectives

Methane (CH(4)) is a potent greenhouse gas and the second highest contributor to global warming. CH(4) emissions are still growing at an alarmingly high pace. To limit global warming to 1.5 °C, one of the most effective strategies is to reduce rapidly the CH(4) emissions by developing large‐scale methane removal methods. The purpose of this perspective paper is threefold. (1) To highlight the technology gap dealing with low concentration CH(4) (at many emission sources and in the atmosphere). (2) To analyze the challenges and prospects of solar‐driven gas phase advanced oxidation processes for CH(4) removal. And (3) to propose some ideas, which may help to develop solar‐driven gas phase advanced oxidation processes and make them deployable at a climate significant scale

Noether Symmetry Approach in multiple scalar fields Scenario

In this Letter, we find suitable potentials in the multiple scalar fields scenario by using the Noether symmetry approach. We discussed three models with multiple scalar fields: N-quintessence with positive kinetic terms, N-phantom with negative kinetic terms and N-quintom with both positive and negative kinetic terms. In the N-quintessence case, the exponential potential which could be derived from several theoretic models is obtained from the Noether conditions. In the N-phantom case, the potential $\frac{V_{0}}{2}(1-\cos(\sqrt{\frac{3N}{2}}\frac{\phi}{m_{pl}}))$, which could be derived from the Pseudo Nambu-Goldstone boson model, is chosen as the Noether conditions required. In the N-quintom case, we derive a relation $DV'_{\phi q}=-\tilde{D}V'_{\phi p}$ between the potential forms for the quintessence-like fields and the phantom-like fields by using the Noether symmetry.Comment: 22 pages, 3 figure

Polo-like kinase 3 regulates CtIP during DNA double-strand break repair in G1

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are repaired by nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR). The C terminal binding protein–interacting protein (CtIP) is phosphorylated in G2 by cyclin-dependent kinases to initiate resection and promote HR. CtIP also exerts functions during NHEJ, although the mechanism phosphorylating CtIP in G1 is unknown. In this paper, we identify Plk3 (Polo-like kinase 3) as a novel DSB response factor that phosphorylates CtIP in G1 in a damage-inducible manner and impacts on various cellular processes in G1. First, Plk3 and CtIP enhance the formation of ionizing radiation-induced translocations; second, they promote large-scale genomic deletions from restriction enzyme-induced DSBs; third, they are required for resection and repair of complex DSBs; and finally, they regulate alternative NHEJ processes in Ku−/− mutants. We show that mutating CtIP at S327 or T847 to nonphosphorylatable alanine phenocopies Plk3 or CtIP loss. Plk3 binds to CtIP phosphorylated at S327 via its Polo box domains, which is necessary for robust damage-induced CtIP phosphorylation at S327 and subsequent CtIP phosphorylation at T847

Probing Noncommutativity with Inflationary Gravitational Waves

In this paper we study the behaviour of gravitational wave background (GWB) generated during inflation in the environment of the noncommutative field approach. From this approach we derive out one additive term, and then we find that the dispersion relation of the gravitational wave would be modified and the primordial gravitational wave would obtain an effective mass. Therefore it breaks lorentz symmetry in local. Moreover, this additive term would a little raise up the energy spectrum of GWB in low frequency and then greatly suppress the spectrum at even lower energy scale of which the wave length may be near the current horizon. Therefore, a sharp peak is formed on the energy spectrum in the range of low frequencies. This peak should be a key criterion to detect the possible existence of noncommutativity of space-time in the background of our universe and a critical test for breaking lorentz symmetry in local field theory. Adding all possible effects on the evolution of GWB, we give some new information of the tensor power spectrum and its energy spectrum which may be probed in the future cosmological observations.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, improved versio