Transcriptional profiles of the human pathogenic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis in mycelium and yeast cells

This work was supported by MCT, CNPq, CAPES, FUB, UFG, and FUNDECT-MS. PbGenome Network: Alda Maria T. Ferreira, Alessandra Dantas, Alessandra J. Baptista, Alexandre M. Bailão, Ana Lídia Bonato, André C. Amaral, Bruno S. Daher, Camila M. Silva, Christiane S. Costa, Clayton L. Borges, Cléber O. Soares, Cristina M. Junta, Daniel A. S. Anjos, Edans F. O. Sandes, Eduardo A. Donadi, Elza T. Sakamoto-Hojo, Flábio R. Araújo, Flávia C. Albuquerque, Gina C. Oliveira, João Ricardo M. Almeida, Juliana C. Oliveira, Kláudia G. Jorge, Larissa Fernandes, Lorena S. Derengowski, Luís Artur M. Bataus, Marcus A. M. Araújo, Marcus K. Inoue, Marlene T. De-Souza, Mauro F. Almeida, Nádia S. Parachin, Nadya S. Castro, Odair P. Martins, Patrícia L. N. Costa, Paula Sandrin-Garcia, Renata B. A. Soares, Stephano S. Mello, and Viviane C. B. ReisParacoccidioides brasiliensis is the causative agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, a disease that affects 10 million individuals in Latin America. This report depicts the results of the analysis of 6,022 assembled groups from mycelium and yeast phase expressed sequence tags, covering about 80% of the estimated genome of this dimorphic, thermo-regulated fungus. The data provide a comprehensive view of the fungal metabolism, including overexpressed transcripts, stage-specific genes, and also those that are up- or down-regulated as assessed by in silico electronic subtraction and cDNA microarrays. Also, a significant differential expression pattern in mycelium and yeast cells was detected, which was confirmed by Northern blot analysis, providing insights into differential metabolic adaptations. The overall transcriptome analysis provided information about sequences related to the cell cycle, stress response, drug resistance, and signal transduction pathways of the pathogen. Novel P. brasiliensis genes have been identified, probably corresponding to proteins that should be addressed as virulence factor candidates and potential new drug targets

Reação anafilactoide por Vancomicina: uma revisão de literatura sobre a Síndrome do Homem Vermelho (SHV)

Red Man Syndrome (RMS), or Vancomycin Flushing Syndrome, is characterized by allergic manifestations to the use of Vancomycin, an antibiotic of the beta-lactam class used in the treatment of bacterial infections. This study aimed to analyze the pharmacological mechanisms of Vancomycin in association with the RMS clinical aspects, in addition to a review of the pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment, as well as new perspectives and scientific advances that can improve the management of the anaphylactoid reaction. A search was performed in the SciELO, PubMed and Google Scholar databases using the keywords “Vancomycine”, “Adverse Reactions” and “Red Man Syndrome”, with a time range from 2003 to 2024. The syndrome is characterized by an anaphylactoid reaction after infusion rapid dose of Vancomycin, manifesting itself in a similar way to anaphylaxis, but without the mediation of Immunoglobulin E (IgE), with histamine being the main substance responsible for the manifestations. Some research indicates that the incidence of the condition is around 5–13%, especially when the infusion is administered in less than 1 hour. However, other literature disagrees, pointing out that the incidence of the syndrome can reach 47%. The most common clinical manifestation is the association between generalized itching and erythematous skin eruptions, mainly affecting the face, neck and body. The diagnosis of the syndrome is clinical, based on the observation of signs and symptoms that appear during or shortly after intravenous administration. Treatment consists of antihistamine pre-treatment for mild and moderate cases and reducing the infusion rate by 50%, or at least 1 gram in 2 hours, while for more severe cases rapid desensitization must be performed, which consists of administering small doses of vancomycin until reaching the therapeutic dose, in addition to ceasing the use of opioids. Finally, it is concluded that RMS corresponds to an extremely complex condition, requiring caution regarding the infusion of the drug and that it deserves a close look at its main particularities.El Síndrome del Hombre Rojo se caracteriza por manifestaciones alérgicas al uso de vancomicina, un antibiótico de la clase de los betalactámicos utilizado para tratar infecciones bacterianas. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los mecanismos farmacológicos de la Vancomicina en asociación con los aspectos clínicos de la ERM, además de una revisión de la fisiopatología, epidemiología, manifestaciones clínicas, diagnóstico y tratamiento, así como nuevas perspectivas y avances científicos que puedan mejorar el manejo. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos SciELO, PubMed y Google Scholar utilizando los descriptores “Vancomycin”, “Adverse Reactions” y “Red Man Syndrome”, con un rango temporal de 2003 a 2024. El síndrome se caracteriza por una reacción anafiláctica posterior una dosis de infusión rápida de Vancomicina, manifestándose de forma similar a la anafilaxia, pero sin la mediación de Inmunoglobulina E (IgE), siendo la histamina la principal sustancia responsable de las manifestaciones. Algunas investigaciones indican que la incidencia de la afección ronda el 5-13%, especialmente cuando la infusión se administra en menos de 1 hora. Sin embargo, otra literatura no está de acuerdo, señalando que la incidencia del síndrome puede alcanzar el 47%. La manifestación clínica más común es la asociación entre prurito generalizado y erupciones cutáneas eritematosas, afectando principalmente a cara, cuello y cuerpo. El diagnóstico del síndrome es clínico, basado en la observación de los signos y síntomas que aparecen durante o poco después de la administración intravenosa. El tratamiento consiste en un pretratamiento con antihistamínicos para los casos leves y moderados y reducir la velocidad de infusión en un 50%, o al menos 1 gramo en 2 horas, mientras que para los casos más graves se debe realizar una desensibilización rápida, que consiste en administrar pequeñas dosis de vancomicina. hasta alcanzar la dosis terapéutica, además de suspender el uso de opioides. Finalmente, se concluye que el RMS corresponde a una condición extremadamente compleja, que requiere precaución en la infusión del medicamento y que merece una mirada cercana a sus principales particularidades.A Síndrome do Homem Vermelho (SHV) se caracteriza por manifestações alérgicas ao uso da Vancomicina, antibiótico da classe dos beta-lactâmicos utilizado no tratamento de infecções bacterianas. Este estudo teve o objetivo de analisar os mecanismos farmacológicos da Vancomicina em associação à clínica da SHV, além de uma revisão da fisiopatologia, epidemiologia, manifestações clínicas, diagnóstico e tratamento, como também das novas perspectivas e avanços científicos que possam melhorar o manejo da reação anafilactoide. Realizou-se uma busca nas bases SciELO, PubMed e Google Scholar utilizando as palavras chaves “Vancomycine”, “Adverse Reactions” e “Red Man Syndrome”, com recorte temporal de 2003 a 2024. A síndrome se caracteriza por uma reação anafilactoide após infusão rápida de Vancomicina, manifestando-se de forma semelhante à anafilaxia, porém sem a mediação de Imunoglobulina E (IgE), sendo a histamina a principal substância responsável pelas manifestações da síndrome. Algumas pesquisas apontam que a incidência da condição está em torno de 5–13%, especialmente quando a infusão é administrada em menos de 1 hora. Entretanto, outras literaturas divergem apontando que a incidência da síndrome pode chegar a 47%. A manifestação clínica mais comum é a associação entre prurido generalizado e erupções eritematosas cutâneas, acometendo principalmente a face, o pescoço e a parte superior do tronco. O diagnóstico da síndrome é essencialmente clínico, baseado na observação dos sinais e sintomas que surgem durante ou logo após a administração intravenosa de Vancomicina. O tratamento consiste para os casos leves e moderados em pré-tratamento anti-histamínico e redução da taxa de infusão em 50%, ou, pelo menos, 1 grama em 2 horas, enquanto que para os quadros mais graves deve ser feita a dessensibilização rápida, que consiste na administração de pequenas doses da vancomicina até atingir a dose terapêutica, além de cessar o uso de opioides. Conclui-se, por fim, que a SHV corresponde a um quadro de extrema complexidade, exigindo cautela quanto à infusão do fármaco e que merece um olhar atento às suas principais particularidades

Genomic epidemiology unveils the dynamics and spatial corridor behind the Yellow Fever virus outbreak in Southern Brazil

Despite the considerable morbidity and mortality of yellow fever virus (YFV) infections in Brazil, our understanding of disease outbreaks is hampered by limited viral genomic data. Here, through a combination of phylogenetic and epidemiological models, we reconstructed the recent transmission history of YFV within different epidemic seasons in Brazil. A suitability index based on the highly domesticated Aedes aegypti was able to capture the seasonality of reported human infections. Spatial modeling revealed spatial hotspots with both past reporting and low vaccination coverage, which coincided with many of the largest urban centers in the Southeast. Phylodynamic analysis unraveled the circulation of three distinct lineages and provided proof of the directionality of a known spatial corridor that connects the endemic North with the extra-Amazonian basin. This study illustrates that genomics linked with eco-epidemiology can provide new insights into the landscape of YFV transmission, augmenting traditional approaches to infectious disease surveillance and control

Planejamento familiar e o impacto da laqueadura na taxa de natalidade no Brasil: uma revisão sistemática : Family planning and the impact of tubal sterilization in Brazil: a systematic review

Ao se buscar compreender o desenvolvimento social brasileiro, uma variável a ser considerada são os níveis de natalidade da nossa população e os métodos de organização e planejamento das famílias brasileiras, desta maneira este tem como objetivo fazer uma análise sistemática da relação entre as taxas de natalidade e o desenvolvimento de intervenções como a laqueadura, para tal este se embasou no método de pesquisa qualitativo com ênfase no levantamento bibliográfico. Concluindo que há uma relação muito íntima entre os métodos de contracepção e a queda de natalidade média brasileira

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The pace of life for forest trees.

Tree growth and longevity trade-offs fundamentally shape the terrestrial carbon balance. Yet, we lack a unified understanding of how such trade-offs vary across the world's forests. By mapping life history traits for a wide range of species across the Americas, we reveal considerable variation in life expectancies from 10 centimeters in diameter (ranging from 1.3 to 3195 years) and show that the pace of life for trees can be accurately classified into four demographic functional types. We found emergent patterns in the strength of trade-offs between growth and longevity across a temperature gradient. Furthermore, we show that the diversity of life history traits varies predictably across forest biomes, giving rise to a positive relationship between trait diversity and productivity. Our pan-latitudinal assessment provides new insights into the demographic mechanisms that govern the carbon turnover rate across forest biomes