Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Bioprótese valvar de pericárdio bovino St Jude Medical-Biocor: sobrevida tardia St Jude Medical-Biocor bovine pericardial bioprosthesis: long-term survival

OBJETIVO: Nosso objetivo é apresentar resultados a longo prazo da subsituição valvar por bioprótese de pericárdio bovino SJM-BiocorTM. MÉTODO: Entre 1992 e 2000, tiveram alta hospitalar, após substituição valvar por bioprótese de pericárdio bovino SJM-BiocorTM 304 pacientes. Idades eram de 15 a 83 anos (média: 60,6&plusmn;14,3), sendo 50,3% do sexo masculino. Pacientes tiveram situação clínica atualizada e análise atuarial foi empregada no cálculo da sobrevida simples e livre de eventos. RESULTADOS: Em um seguimento total de 931,0 pacientes-ano, ocorreram 28 (9,2%) óbitos tardios, sendo cinco (1,6%) relacionados à bioprótese, sete (2,3%) cardíacos, quatro (1,3%) não-cardíacos e 12 (3,9%) de causa desconhecida. Eventos de bioprótese foram: endocardite: 18 (5,9%), degeneração fibrocálcica: 15 (4,9%), tromboembolismo: três (1,0%), hemólise: um (0,3%). Disfunção de bioprótese resultou em 16 (5,2%) reoperações, por degeneração fibrocálcica (nove), endocardite (seis) e tromboembolismo (um). Probabilidade de sobrevida foi 86,3&plusmn;3,4%, no 5º, e 69,3&plusmn;9,0%, no 10º ano pós-operatório. Idade jovem (<40 anos, n= 35) mostrou maior sobrevida em relação à mais idosa (>60 anos, n=187): 82,0&plusmn;13,3% vs 58,8&plusmn;13,6%, no 9º ano. Sobrevida livre de eventos foi 77,5&plusmn;3,7%, no 5º, e 40,2&plusmn;9,0%, no 10º ano. Probabilidade de falência estrutural de bioprótese foi 5%, no 5º ano, e 20%, no 10º; em aórticos, zero e 8%, respectivamente. A classe funcional (NYHA) atual é I para 88,5%, II para 9,1% e III para 2,4% dos pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: Implante de bioprótese de pericárdio bovino SJM-BiocorTM resulta em satisfatória perspectiva de sobrevida dos pacientes com doença valvar e apresenta baixa prevalência de disfunção de prótese.<br>OBJECTIVE: The objective of this work is to present long-term results of valve replacement using SJM-BiocorTM bovine pericardial bioprostheses. METHODS: From 1992 to 2000, 304 patients were discharged from hospital after bioprosthesis implantation. Ages ranged from 15 to 83 years (mean: 60.6 &plusmn; 14.3 years) and 50.3% were male. Patient deaths and events related to bioprosthesis (infection, thromboembolism and structural failure) were considered for estimation of cumulative probability of survival and event-free survival. RESULTS: Total follow-up was 931.0 patients-year. During follow-up there were 28 (9.2%) deaths. Causes were bioprosthesis failure in five (1.6%), cardiac in seven (2.3%), non-cardiac in four (1.3%), and unknown in 12 (3.9%) patients. Events related to bioprosthesis were: endocarditis: 18 (5.9%), fibrocalcic degeneration: 15 (4.9%), thromboembolism: three (1.0%), hemolysis: one (0.3%). Bioprosthesis dysfunctions resulted in 16 (5.2%) reoperations due to fibrocalcic degeneration (nine), endocarditis (six) and thromboembolism (one). Probability of survival was higher in the young population (< 40 years, n=35) when compared to the older group (> 60 year, n=187): 82.0 &plusmn; 13.3% vs. 58.8 &plusmn; 13.6% in the 9th year. Event-free survival was 77.5 &plusmn; 3.7% for 5th year and 40.2 &plusmn; 9.0% for 10th year. Overall estimative of structural failure for a SJM-BiocorTM was 5% in 5th year increasing to 20% in the 10th year. In the aortic position the values were zero and 8%, respectively. Considering current clinical conditions, 88.5% are in NYHA class I, 9.1% in class II and 2.3% in class III. CONCLUSIONS: SJM-BiocorTM bovine pericardial bioprostheses resulted in satisfactory survival of patients, related to low prevalence of bioprosthesis dysfunction

Modificações no perfil do paciente submetido à operação de revascularização do miocárdio Changes in profile of patients submitted to coronary bypass graft surgery

INTRODUÇÃO: Indicações da operação de revascularização miocárdica (RM) foram modificadas pela introdução de novas drogas e da angioplastia coronária transluminal percutânea (ACTP), sendo o procedimento cada vez considerado em pacientes com doença multiarterial coronária e de condição clínica mais grave. OBJETIVO: Comparar perfil clínico e cirúrgico entre dois grupos de pacientes submetidos a RM com intervalo de 10 anos, bem como observar sua influência na mortalidade hospitalar. MÉTODO: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo, envolvendo 307 pacientes submetidos a RM em 1991/92 (grupo INICIAL, n=153) ou 2001/02 (grupo ATUAL, n=154). Para cada grupo foram identificadas características demográficas, doenças cardíacas, co-morbidades e eventos operatórios, visando comparação e determinação dos fatores relacionados à mortalidade hospitalar aumentada. RESULTADOS: Grupo recente tinha idade mais avançada, condição cardíaca mais grave(classe funcional, prevalência de insuficiência cardíaca e número de vasos com lesão grave) e maior prevalência de co-morbidades. Pacientes iniciais mostraram maior prevalência na indicação cirúrgica de urgência. Não ocorreu diferença na mortalidade hospitalar (respectivamente 3,3% e 1,9% para grupos INICIAL e ATUAL). CONCLUSÕES: Pacientes atualmente submetidos a RM são mais idosos e de condição clínica mais grave (cardíaca e sistêmica) que os operados há 10 anos, embora isto não tenha influenciado de modo significativo a mortalidade hospitalar, que é menor recentemente.<br>INTRODUCTION: The improvement in care and management of ischemic heart disease and the dissemination of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) changed the indications for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), regarding procedures for patientswith multivessel disease in bad clinical conditions. OBJECTIVE: To compare surgical and clinical profiles between two groups of CABG patients at a 10 year interval observing the influence on hospital mortality rates. METHOD: Retrospective Cohort study, including 307 CABG patients operated on in 1991to 1992 (n=153) and 2001 to 2002 (n=154). Demographic characteristics, heart disease severity, comorbidities and pre-operative events were evaluated and compared between the groups. RESULTS: Patients operated in 2001 and 2002 were older, more severely ill (in a worse NYHA classand had higher prevalence of heart failure, and multi-vessel involvement) and with more co-morbidities. Patients operated in 1991 and 1992 had more urgent procedures. The observed surgical mortality rates were similar (3.3% and 1.9%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Patients submitted to CABG currently are older and in worse clinical conditions than those operated 10 years ago, but hospital mortality has not altered significantly