A Study of the Two Major Causes of Neonatal Deaths: Perinatal Conditions and Congenital Anomalies

Infant mortality is a public health concern in the United states. We concentrate on neonatal mortality for its high accountability of infant mortality. In this paper we study the neonatal mortality of Florida\u27s 1989 live birth cohort. The data has been analyzed for two major causes of deaths: perinatal conditions and congenital anomalies. We use the KAPLAN-MEIER method to estimate the survival probabilities. For each cause, data were fit to the Weibull models and Extreme Value models to estimate the parameters of the survival curves. The results indicate that primary factors for each cause of neonatal deaths are very low birth weight, prior pregnancies of the mother, and late initiation of prenatal care when the variables are considered separately. The conclusion still remains the same for perinatal conditions when the interaction effects of the factors are considered, but we do not conclude similarly for the congenital anomalies at the same interaction level

Institutional Trust: The Case Study of Mexican State Institutions

The determinants of change in trust have long been a matter of debate in the social capital literature. An area of particular interest for political scientists has been trust in state institutions because of the possible consequences it could have on democratic life. In an attempt to generalize results, most studies have focused on large cross-sectional samples. However, these studies overlook the context in which citizens and state institutions find themselves. The case study of Mexico presented in this paper attempts to contribute to the literature by emphasizing context over generalizability. The case of Mexican state institutions supports the hypothesis that events that taint an institution for not performing according to its prescribed function lead to sharp declines in trust. Consequently, structural reforms that ensure that institutions recur to their constitutive norm may help increase trust in state institutions. In addition, there is strong evidence indicating that GDP growth causes an increase in trust in state institutions. Therefore, democracies in developing countries may benefit when their economies are performing well

Computational Investigation of Structural and Spectroscopic Properties of LOV-Based Proteins with Improved Fluorescence

Flavin-based fluorescent proteins are a class of fluorescent reporters derived from light, oxygen, and voltage (LOV) sensing proteins. Through mutagenesis, natural LOV proteins have been engineered to obtain improved fluorescence properties. In this study, we combined extended classical Molecular Dynamics simulations and multiscale Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics methods to clarify the relationship between structural and dynamic changes induced by specific mutations and the spectroscopic response. To reach this goal we compared two LOV variants, one obtained by the single mutation needed to photochemically inactivate the natural system, and the other (iLOV) obtained through additional mutations and characterized by a significantly improved fluorescence. Our simulations confirmed the "flipping and crowding" effect induced in iLOV by the additional mutations and revealed its mechanism of action. We also showed that these mutations, and the resulting differences in the composition and flexibility of the binding pockets, are not reflected in significant shifts of the excitation and emission energies, in agreement with the similarity of the spectra measured for the two systems. However, a small but consistent reduction was found in the Stokes shift of iLOV, suggesting a reduction of the intermolecular reorganization experienced by the chromophore after excitation, which could slow down its internal conversion to the ground state and improve the fluorescence

Detection of a Star Forming Galaxy in the Center of a Low-Mass Galaxy Cluster

Brightest Cluster Galaxies (BCGs) residing in the centers of galaxy clusters are typically quenched giant ellipticals. A recent study hinted that star-forming galaxies with large disks, so-called superluminous spirals and lenticulars, are the BCGs of a subset of galaxy clusters. Based on the existing optical data it was not possible to constrain whether the superluminous disk galaxies reside at the center of galaxy clusters. In this work, we utilize XMM-Newton X-ray observations of five galaxy clusters to map the morphology of the intracluster medium (ICM), characterize the galaxy clusters, determine the position of the cluster center, and measure the offset between the cluster center and the superluminous disk galaxies. We demonstrate that one superluminous lenticular galaxy, 2MASX J10405643-0103584, resides at the center of a low-mass ($M_{\rm 500} = 10^{14} \ \rm{M_{\odot}}$) galaxy cluster. This represents the first conclusive evidence that a superluminous disk galaxy is the central BCG of a galaxy cluster. We speculate that the progenitor of 2MASX J10405643-0103584 was an elliptical galaxy, whose extended disk was re-formed due to the merger of galaxies. We exclude the possibility that the other four superluminous disk galaxies reside at the center of galaxy clusters, as their projected distance from the cluster center is $150-1070$ kpc, which corresponds to $(0.27-1.18)R_{\rm 500}$. We conclude that these clusters host quiescent massive elliptical galaxies at their center.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa

Barreras en el proceso de elaboración de la tesis, percibidas por estudiantes de Enfermería. Universidad de Huánuco- 2021

Objetivo. Identificar las barreras que limitan la elaboración de las tesis percibidas por estudiantes de Enfermería. Métodos. Se efectuó una investigación analítica, transversal en 127 estudiantes encuestados con dos cuestionarios fiabilizados. El contraste de hipótesis se realizó con el Chi Cuadrado de Independencia con una p<0,05. Resultados. Respecto a la elaboración de tesis, 51,2% fue adecuada y 48,8% inadecuada. El contraste de hipótesis evidenció que las barreras personales limitantes en la elaboración de tesis fueron el escaso compromiso para elaborar la tesis, bajo desarrollo del pensamiento crítico, poco hábito de lectura de artículos científicos, desinterés por investigación científica, falta de tiempo e insuficiente dominio de los programas estadísticos. Las barreras de los docentes limitantes en la elaboración de tesis fueron las contradicciones en la metodología aplicada por los docentes e insuficiencia de cursos extracurriculares. Las barreras del asesor limitantes en elaboración de tesis fueron insuficiencia de docentes para asesorar tesis, desconocimiento sobre metodología de investigación, baja interacción con el asesor y falta de capacitación en el uso del Turnitin. Las barreras de los jurados que limitaron la elaboración de las tesis fueron desconocimiento sobre tema de investigación y pruebas estadísticas. También se identificó que los trámites burocráticos, demora en autorización del estudio y desinterés de la población fueron barreras significativas en la elaboración de las tesis. Conclusiones: Los resultados destacaron la preponderancia de las barreras personales y del asesor como limitantes en la elaboración de las tesis

Manejo integrado de pulgones en cultivos hortícolas al aire libre

[EN] Aphids are a serious problem in vegetables, as make cosmetic damages that cause commercial depreciation of the attacked plant, also they are vector s of viral diseases. The control of aphids is relatively easy in conventional agriculture, in contrast, there aren’t effective products against aphids in ecological agriculture. That is the reason why it should be considered a control strategy based in pr eventive measures instead of the therapy. Different sampling methods for estimating aphid populations on lettuce crops have been evaluated in present work (visual counting, vacuum sampling and cutting plants in the laboratory). It was determined that the b est one was vacuum sampling. In addition, six species of aphids were identified in the studied crops ( Brachycaudus cardui , Brevicoryne brassicae , Macrosiphum euphorbiae , Myzus persicae , Aphis fabae and Aphis gossypii ). The first two are monophagous species , the rest are polyphagous. Population dynamics of aphids species associated to lettuce crops (red oak leaf and roman) were studied, finding that the first one has bigger population. Assays to determine the efficacy of biological control of aphids by Aphid ius colemani outdoor in zucchini crop, have shown that only Lysiphlebus testaceipes (species that live naturally in the environment) emerged from samples collected. Different species of parasitoids for aphids have been identified: Aphelinus abdominalis, Ap hidius ervi , Diaeretiella rapae y Lysiphlebus testaceipes. In addition, depending on the plant species which the aphids feeded, the parasitoid species which attacked them changed. Also various families of predator species of aphid colonies (Coccinellidae, Syrphidae, Cecidomydiidae y Chrysopidae) were collected. Propylea quattuordecimpunctata was present in all studied crops . Quite a few individuals of aphids with fungi in their cuticle were found, although none of them belongs to entomopathogenic fungi gro up[ES] Los pulgones son un problema grave en hortalizas de hoja, principalmente porque producen depreciación comercial de las plantas atacadas. El control de pulgones es relativamente fácil en agricultura convencional mientras que en agricultura ecológica la falta de productos con efecto inmediato sobre los pulgones hace que debamos plantear una estrategia de lucha basada en estrategias preventivas más que en la terapia. El primer paso para desarrollar un programa de control biológico basado en la conservación que favorezca la presencia y desarrollo de las especies autóctonas de parasitoides y depredadores de una región determinada, pasa por tener una idea precisa de qué especies están controlando las poblaciones plaga y en qué proporción. El trabajo que se propone tiene los siguientes objetivos: · Estudio de la dinámica poblacional de las especies de pulgones que afectan a los cultivos hortícolas en otoño y primavera. · Identificar las especies de insectos auxiliares que pueden regular las poblaciones de los pulgones. · Evaluar el grado de control de las medidas que favorecen el control biológico y cultural de los pulgones: o Diversidad espacial y temporal de especies vegetales cultivadas o Manejo de franjas no cultivadas: composición y diseño o Influencia de diferentes acolchados sobre los niveles poblacionales de pulgonesFelipe Lorenzo, D. (2016). Manejo integrado de pulgones en cultivos hortícolas al aire libre. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/74502TFG

Estudio de eficiencia energética con energía renovable para la fermentación del yogur

En el estudio se especificaron los diferentes pasos y fases a ejecutar en la fabricación del yogur firme. Se procedió a realizar una descripción de las distintas técnicas de producción de calor a través de las cuales se mantiene constante la temperatura en la cámara de incubación donde se lleva a cabo la fermentación láctica, fase fundamental en la elaboración del producto. Se comparó la eficiencia energética del procedimiento tradicional basado en la generación de calor por medio de resistencias eléctricas, frente a energías renovables, como son las bombas de calor y la energía solar térmica. Los resultados manifiestan que el sistema más rentable energética y económicamente es el método con bombas de calor. Palabras claves: yogur, fermentación láctica, cámara de incubación, energía renovable, bomba de calor, energía solar térmica, estudio de eficiencia energética.The study specifies various steps and stages in the production of yogurt. It proceeded to make a description of different techniques of heat production through which temperature is kept constant in incubation chamber where it performed lactic fermentation, key stage in development of the product. Energy efficiency is a traditional method based on the generation of heat by means of electric resistances. On the other hand, renewable energy was analyzed such as heat pumps and solar thermal. This renewable method and traditional method were compared. The results showed that heat pumps are more efficient and economic than other methods analyzed

Lempel-Ziv Complexity of Photonic Quasicrystals

The properties of one-dimensional photonic quasicrystals ultimately rely on their nontrivial long-range order, a hallmark that can be quantified in many ways depending on the specific aspects to be studied. Here, we assess the quasicrystal structural features in terms of the Lempel-Ziv complexity. This is an easily calculable quantity that has proven to be useful for describing patterns in a variety of systems. One feature of great practical relevance is that it provides a reliable measure of how hard it is to create the structure. Using the generalized Fibonacci quasicrystals as our thread, we give analytical fitting formulas for the dependence of the optical response with the complexity

Real-time siamese multiple object tracker with enhanced proposals

Maintaining the identity of multiple objects in real-time video is a challenging task, as it is not always feasible to run a detector on every frame. Thus, motion estimation systems are often employed, which either do not scale well with the number of targets or produce features with limited semantic information. To solve the aforementioned problems and allow the tracking of dozens of arbitrary objects in real-time, we propose SiamMOTION. SiamMOTION includes a novel proposal engine that produces quality features through an attention mechanism and a region-of-interest extractor fed by an inertia module and powered by a feature pyramid network. Finally, the extracted tensors enter a comparison head that efficiently matches pairs of exemplars and search areas, generating quality predictions via a pairwise depthwise region proposal network and a multi-object penalization module. SiamMOTION has been validated on five public benchmarks, achieving leading performance against current state-of-the-art trackers. Code available at: https://www.github.com/lorenzovaquero/SiamMOTIONThis research was partially funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación [grant numbers PID2020-112623GB-I00, RTI2018-097088-B-C32], and the Galician Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Universidade [grant numbers ED431C 2018/29, ED431C 2021/048, ED431G 2019/04]. These grants are co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). Lorenzo Vaquero is supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Universidades under the FPU national plan (FPU18/03174). We also gratefully acknowledge the support of NVIDIA Corporation for hardware donations used for this researchS