Utfordringer ved prima vista tolking i asylintervjuer

Every year the Norwegian Directorate of Immigration (UDI) conducts approximately 10,000 interpreter-mediated asylum interviews in Norway. Each asylum interview ends with the interpreter providing a sight translation of the draft interview report (an oral translation of the text) to the asylum seeker. The UDI wished to find out why some interpreters took so much more time than others for sight translation. In response, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences initiated a pilot project. The project’s working hypothesis was that slow sight translation was due mainly to a combination of three factors: interpreters’ poor reading skills; interpreters’ poor interpreting techniques; and/or interpreters’ unfamiliarity with the appropriate genre/style. A more complex picture emerged, however, from an analysis of 13 asylum interviews; group work involving 108 UDI interpreters; and discussions with UDI specialists. An asylum report is the joint product of all the participants in an asylum interview, who are typically the asylum seeker, the interviewer and the interpreter. The pilot study showed that each participant could contribute in various ways to slowing the speed of sight translation. Contributing factors identified that were unrelated to the interpreter included the interviewer’s competence in interview techniques; the interviewer’s competence in creating a written record of speech; the asylum seeker’s narrative ability; and the asylum seeker’s ability to correct mistakes in the draft report. All these factors may have just as much impact on the speed of sight translation as the interpreter’s competence. In addition, the physical strain caused by the length of asylum interviews (six hours plus) and the emotional stress potentially caused by such institutional interviews may affect the communicative abilities of all participants. As sight translation in the public sector is an under-researched area, the article starts with a discussion of terminology and an explanation of the UDI context. It then presents a possible explanation for slowness of sight translation and concludes that there is a need for more research into the various factors relevant to sight translation in the public sector and that there is a need to provide systematic training for both interpreters and interpreter users

Comunicación en situación de crisis y diversidad lingüística en Noruega durante la pandemia de COVID-19: el caso de los servicios de interpretación y traducción

The Covid-19 pandemic has affected some inhabitants of Norway more than others. Even in the first wave, foreign-born immigrants had more confirmed infections and were hospitalized more frequently than other residents (Indseth et al., 2020). One factor seems to be a lack of information in languages other than Norwegian. Strategic communication of pandemic policies to those who do not speak Norwegian has not functioned on an operational or a grassroots level (NOU, 2021, p. 175). However, after some initial confusion, translations of government information become available on a multitude of platforms. Public service employees,  NGOs, and mediators were involved in targeted information campaigns. This article traces the state of translation and interpretation, including availability, accessibility, acceptability, and adaptability, during the first year  and a half of the Covid-19 pandemic (March 2020 – September 2021) in Norway. Among other issues, the article highlights the importance of making translation and interpreting essential services in future contingency plans.La pandemia de COVID-19 ha afectado a los habitantes de Noruega de manera desigual.Durante la primera ola ya se había constatado que los inmigrantes nacidos en el extranjero representaban cifras más altas de contagios e ingresos en hospital que otros residentes (Indseth et al., 2020). La falta de información en otras lenguas, además del noruego, parece haber sido uno de los factores que impulsaron esta disparidad. La comunicación estratégica de medidas relacionadas con la pandemia relativas a los que no hablan noruego no ha funcionado de forma operativa ni estructural (NOU, 2021, p. 175). No obstante, tras la confusión inicial, la información transmitida por el gobierno empezó a traducirse y a difundirse en multitud de plataformas. Funcionarios de los servicios públicos, ONGs y mediadores participaron en campañas de información dirigidas a grupos lingüísticos concretos. En este artículo se analiza la situación de la traducción y la interpretación durante el primer año y medio de la pandemia de COVID-19 (marzo de 2020 a septiembre de 2021) en Noruega, en particular, en lo relativo a la disponibilidad, accesibilidad, aceptabilidad y adaptabilidad. Entre otras cuestiones, el artículo destaca la importancia de integrar a la traducción y la interpretación como servicios indispensables en futuros planes de contingencia

The Economic Feasibility of Whole Milk Procurement by Creameries in Eastern South Dakota

The butterfat produced over the greater part of the state of South Dakota has been sold by farmers largely in the form of farm separated cream because of the low density of milk suppliers and limitations imposed by road and climatic conditions. Much of the butter manufactured from this cream has been of poor quality and adjustments which improve quality have been slow in taking place. Changes are needed that will improve the quality and, perhaps add to the variety of the dairy products manufactured if the dairy industry in South Dakota is to continue to make its contribution to the state’s agriculture. Can this be done without increasing unduly the costs of farm handling, assembly, processing, and marketing? In 1952, representatives from twenty-three creameries in eastern South Dakota and southwestern Minnesota met to discuss the procurement of butterfat in the form of whole milk. The group engaged an engineer to estimate the cost of the construction of a skim milk drying plant in the area. The estimated cost was so high as to discourage further meetings and group action. However, a number of the plant managers continued to be interested in converting to whole milk procurement. It was because of their continued interest that this study was undertaken. Whole milk procurement would increase the likelihood of not only higher quality products but also new products which are not possible or as feasible from farm separated cream. Although a better grade of butter should be manufactured from butterfat received with whole milk procurement, the increase in the price received for a higher grade of butter is not great. An increase in the return to the patrons of the creameries is more apt to be realized with the production of new products such as ice cream mix. The hesitation on the part of the plants to convert to whole milk operations arose because of a number of questions: (1) What would be the costs of procuring and processing the whole milk in this areas? (2) How many of the producers would be willing or desire to market whole milk? (3) Will the revenue from whole milk products be sufficient to cover the added expenses of operating a whole milk plant and leave enough to encourage the producers to supply an adequate volume

Manual de produção artesanal de soja frita.

Introdução. Definição de soja frita (soynuts). Fluxograma de produção. Descrição do processo. Embalagem. Referências bibliográficas.bitstream/item/78987/1/doc66-2005.pd

Otimização do processo de descascamento de soja utilizando descascador de discos paralelos horizontais.

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Means of Expressing and Implying Emotions and Impoliteness in Croatian and Montenegrin Public Discourse

This article addresses means of expressing and implying emotions (Langlotz, Locher 2012) in realizations of impoliteness in written discourse thematizing language and identity in Croatian and Montenegrin media in 2010 and 2011. Realizations of impoliteness often relate to communicating an emotional stance that can trigger emotional responses in readers. Our discourse sample can be described as “disputes about language and identity” (cf. Felberg, Šarić 2013), which is largely characterized by conflictual disagreements. Conflictual disagreements, as Jones (2001) or Langlotz and Locher (2012) put it, do not leave one cold in face-to-face interaction: they arouse feelings of annoyance, irritation, anger, or contempt directed to the communicative partner. These observations are relevant in our context, although we deal with written discourse. The main participants in our data include well-known intellectuals, journalists, and editors. They all defend or attaca a position in discussing, among other things, “how similar ‘our’ language (Croatian/Montenegrin) is to ‘their’ language” (Serbian), and “what makes this language (Croatian/Montenegrin) a distinctive and independent entity”. These participants clearly position themselves in relation to other participants. Their positioning of the self and the other person involves negative identity-ascribing practices. Taking into consideration parameters such as the role of participants in discourse and society, context, co-text, and activity types in which discourse participants engaged, we identified various highly context-dependent types and functions of impoliteness realizations (cf. Šarić, Felberg 2015). Contrary to our expectations, the participants in the media discourse in both countries frequently use impoliteness both strategically and systematically while defending their positions. The impoliteness realizations point to emotively significant places in discourse. Their use has several functions: a prominent one is coercion through legitimizing one’s own standpoints and delegitimizing those of one’s opponents.This article addresses means of expressing and implying emotions (Langlotz, Locher 2012) in realizations of impoliteness in written discourse thematizing language and identity in Croatian and Montenegrin media in 2010 and 2011. Realizations of impoliteness often relate to communicating an emotional stance that can trigger emotional responses in readers. Our discourse sample can be described as “disputes about language and identity” (cf. Felberg, Šarić 2013), which is largely characterized by conflictual disagreements. Conflictual disagreements, as Jones (2001) or Langlotz and Locher (2012) put it, do not leave one cold in face-to-face interaction: they arouse feelings of annoyance, irritation, anger, or contempt directed to the communicative partner. These observations are relevant in our context, although we deal with written discourse. The main participants in our data include well-known intellectuals, journalists, and editors. They all defend or attaca a position in discussing, among other things, “how similar ‘our’ language (Croatian/Montenegrin) is to ‘their’ language” (Serbian), and “what makes this language (Croatian/Montenegrin) a distinctive and independent entity”. These participants clearly position themselves in relation to other participants. Their positioning of the self and the other person involves negative identity-ascribing practices. Taking into consideration parameters such as the role of participants in discourse and society, context, co-text, and activity types in which discourse participants engaged, we identified various highly context-dependent types and functions of impoliteness realizations (cf. Šarić, Felberg 2015). Contrary to our expectations, the participants in the media discourse in both countries frequently use impoliteness both strategically and systematically while defending their positions. The impoliteness realizations point to emotively significant places in discourse. Their use has several functions: a prominent one is coercion through legitimizing one’s own standpoints and delegitimizing those of one’s opponents

Manual de produção de extrato de soja para agroindústria de pequeno porte.

Introdução. Fluxograma de produção de extrato de soja. Descrição do processo. Acondicionamento e armazenamento. Referências bibliográficas.bitstream/item/78990/1/doc65-2005.pd