Experimental evidence for a partially dissociated water bilayer on Ru{0001}

Core-level photoelectron spectra, in excellent agreement with ab initio calculations, confirm that the stable wetting layer of water on Ru{0001} contains O-H and H2O in roughly 3:5 proportion, for OHx coverages between 0.25 and 0.7 ML, and T<170 K. Proton disorder explains why the wetting structure looks to low energy electron diffraction (LEED) to be an ordered p(root3xroot3)R30degrees adlayer, even though approximate to3/8 of its molecules are dissociated. Complete dissociation to atomic oxygen starts near 190 K. Low photon flux in the synchrotron experiments ensured that the diagnosis of the nature of the wetting structure quantified by LEED is free of beam-induced damage

Information technology as a tool to improve the competitiveness of the organization

In this article we are talking about competitiveness and how competitiveness is enhanced through information technology

Two Dimensional Ir-Cluster Lattices on Moir\'e of Graphene with Ir(111)

Lattices of Ir clusters have been grown by vapor phase deposition on graphene moir\'{e}s on Ir(111). The clusters are highly ordered, spatially and thermally stable below 500K. Their narrow size distribution is tunable from 4 to about 130 atoms. A model for cluster binding to the graphene is presented based on scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory. The proposed binding mechanism suggests that similar cluster lattices might be grown of materials other than Ir.Comment: Submitted to PRL on 27Apr0

Ab-Initio Step- and Kink-Formation Energies on Pb(111)

Ab-initio formation energies for (100)- and (111)-microfacet steps on Pb(111) are in satisfactory agreement with measured values, given that these values are known only as well as the Pb(111) surface energy; the calculated step-energy ratio, 1.29, is within {approximately}8% of experiment. In contrast, calculated kink-formation energies, 41 and 60 meV for the two step types, are 40--50% below published experimental values derived from STM images. The discrepancy results from interpreting the images with a step-stiffness vs. kink-energy relation appropriate to (100) but not (111) surfaces. Good agreement is found when the step-stiffness data are reinterpreted, taking proper account of the trigonal symmetry of Pb(111)

Effect of high-viscosity interphases on drainage between hydrophilic surfaces.

Drainage of water from the region between an advancing probe tip and a flat sample is reconsidered under the assumption that the tip and sample surfaces are both coated by a thin water 'interphase' (of width {approx}a few nm) whose viscosity is much higher than the bulk liquid's. A formula derived by solving the Navier-Stokes equations allows one to extract an interphase viscosity of {approx}59 KPa-sec (or {approx}6.6x10{sup 7} times the viscosity of bulk water at 25C) from Interfacial Force Microscope measurements with both tip and sample functionalized hydrophilic by OH-terminated tri(ethylene glycol) undecylthiol, self-assembled monolayers

Kinetics and thermodynamics of carbon segregation and graphene growth on Ru(0001)

We measure the concentration of carbon adatoms on the Ru(0001) surface that are in equilibrium with C atoms in the crystal's bulk by monitoring the electron reflectivity of the surface while imaging. During cooling from high temperature, C atoms segregate to the Ru surface, causing graphene islands to nucleate. Using low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM), we measure the growth rate of individual graphene islands and, simultaneously, the local concentration of C adatoms on the surface. We find that graphene growth is fed by the supersaturated, two-dimensional gas of C adatoms rather than by direct exchange between the bulk C and the graphene. At long times, the rate at which C diffuses from the bulk to the surface controls the graphene growth rate. The competition among C in three states - dissolved in Ru, as an adatom, and in graphene - is quantified and discussed. The adatom segregation enthalpy determined by applying the simple Langmuir-McLean model to the temperature-dependent equilibrium concentration seriously disagrees with the value calculated from first-principles. This discrepancy suggests that the assumption in the model of non-interacting C is not valid

Разработка и программная реализация алгоритма детектирования номерных знаков на изображениях

Объектом исследования является задача определения расположения номерной пластины на изображении. Цель работы – разработка и программная реализация алгоритмов детектирования номерных знаков. В процессе исследования были изучены и проанализированы существующие методы детектирования номерных знаков, методы текстурной сегментации изображений и методы предобработки изображения. В результате исследования был предложен и реализован алгоритм детектирования номерных знаков на изображениях. Программное обеспечение позволит детектировать номерные знаки автомобилей. Может быть востребовано в системах контроля и регистрации автомобилей и других видов транспортных средств.The object of study is the problem of determining the location of the license plate in the image. The work purpose – development and software implementation of algorithms for the detection of license plates. In the research process was studied and analyzed existing methods of license plate detection methods, texture segmentation of images and methods of image preprocessing. The study was proposed and implemented algorithm detecting license plates in images.The software will detect number plates of cars. It can be used in the systems of control and registration of cars and other types of vehicle

Self-diffusion along step bottoms on Pt(111)

First-principles total energies of periodic vicinals are used to estimate barriers for Pt-adatom diffusion along straight and kinked steps on Pt(111), and around a corner where straight steps intersect. In all cases studied, hopping diffusion has a lower barrier than concerted substitution. In conflict with simulations of dendritic Pt island formation on Pt(111), hopping from a corner site to a step whose riser is a (111)-micro facet is predicted to be more facile than to one whose riser is a (100)

Insights from calculated phonon dispersion curves for an overlayer of H on Pt(111)

We have calculated the dispersion curves of H vibrational modes on Pt(111), using first-principles, total energy calculations based on a mixed-basis set and norm-conserving pseudopotentials. Linear response theory and the harmonic approximation are invoked. For 1 ML coverage, H atoms are assumed to occupy the fcc hollow sites. At the Gamma point of the surface Brillouin zone, we find modes, respectively, polarized parallel and perpendicular to the surface at 73.5 meV and 142.6 meV. The degeneracy of the parallel mode is lifted at the zone boundaries, yielding modes at 69.6 meV and 86.3 meV, at the M point, and at 79.4 meV and 80.8 meV, at the K point. The substrate surface modes are also found to shift in frequencies from their calculated values for clean Pt(111). We discuss the details of the changes in surface force constant on H adsorption on Pt(111). We also consider the case of subsurface adsorption for 2 ML of H and present vibrational frequencies of H atoms adsorbed in several subsurface sites. The appearance of new vertically polarized modes in the range of 98 . 106 meV (octahedral site) and 124 . 162 meV (tetrahedral site) is discussed in the context of experimental data