Desempenho de modelos prognósticos como preditores de mortalidade em pacientes com descompensação aguda da cirrose

Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-graduação em Cuidados Intensivos e Paliativos, Florianópolis, 2013.Introdução: Pacientes admitidos por descompensações agudas da cirrose apresentam risco elevado de óbito. Apesar do MELD e suas derivações serem rotineiramente empregados, existem poucos estudos investigando o desempenho e comparando a acurácia destes modelos no contexto da descompensação aguda da cirrose. Objetivos: Estudar os modelos MELD, MELD-Na, MESO, iMELD, Refit MELD e Refit MELD-Na como preditores prognósticos em cirróticos admitidos por descompensações agudas e comparar o seu desempenho na admissão e 48 horas após a internação. Material e métodos: Estudo de coorte prospectivo no qual os pacientes foram avaliados dentro de 24 horas da admissão e nos dias 3, 7, 30 e 90. Foram excluídos aqueles com internação por período inferior a 48 horas. Os modelos estudados foram calculados com exames da admissão e de 48 horas. Resultados: Foram incluídos 123 pacientes, com média de idade de 54,26 ± 10,79 anos, 76,4% do sexo masculino. Descompensação prévia foi relatada por 64,2% dos indivíduos. A média do MELD foi de 16,43 ± 7,08 e 52,0% dos pacientes eram Child-Pugh C. Vinte e sete pacientes (22,0%) evoluíram para óbito durante a internação hospitalar. Na admissão foram observadas as seguintes AUROC para prognóstico da mortalidade: MELD= 0,785 ± 0,053; MESO= 0,784 ± 0,052; Refit MELD= 0,782 ± 0,050; MELD-Na= 0,781 ± 0,053; Refit MELD-Na= 0,776 ± 0,052; iMELD= 0,770 ± 0,053 (P > 0,05 na comparação entre os modelos de admissão). Considerando a avaliação de 48 horas, as seguintes AUROCs foram obtidas: MELD= 0,882 ± 0,039; MESO= 0,880 ± 0,041; Refit MELD= 0,876 ± 0,040; Refit MELD-Na= 0,858 ± 0,048; MELD-Na= 0,858 ± 0,049; iMELD= 0,842 ± 0,052 (P > 0,05 na comparação entre os modelos de 48 horas). Quando os modelos executados na admissão foram comparados aos seus correspondentes calculados após 48 horas, AUROCs significativamente mais elevadas foram obtidas para todos os modelos (P Introduction: Patients admitted for acute decompensation of cirrhosis have elevated risk of death. Although MELD and its derivations are routinely used, few studies have investigated the performance and compared the accuracy of these models in the context of acute decompensation of cirrhosis. Objectives: To study MELD, MELD-Na, MESO, iMELD, Refit- MELD and Refit MELD-Na models as prognostic predictors in cirrhotic patients admitted for acute decompensation and to compare their performance between admission and 48 hours after admission. Material and methods: Prospective cohort study in which patients were evaluated within 24 hours of admission and on days 3, 7, 30 and 90. Patients hospitalized for less than 48 hours were excluded. The studied models were calculated based on exams of admission and 48 hours. Results: One hundred twenty three patients were included, with a mean age of 54.26 ±10.79 years, 76.4% male. Prior decompensation was reported in 64.2% of the individuals. The average MELD score was 16.43 ± 7.08 and 52.0% of patients were Child-Pugh C. Twenty-seven patients (22.0%) died during hospitalization. Were observed on admission the following AUROC for prognosis of mortality: MELD= 0.785 ± 0.053; MESO= 0.784 ± 0.052; Refit MELD= 0.782 ± 0.050; MELD-Na= 0.781 ± 0.053; Refit MELD-Na= 0.776 ± 0.052; iMELD= 0.770 ± 0.053; (P > 0.05 in the comparison between the models of admission). Considering the assessment of 48 hours, the following AUROCs were obtained: MELD= 0.882 ± 0.039; MESO= 0.880 ± 0.041; Refit MELD= 0.876 ± 0.040; Refit MELD-Na= 0.858 ± 0.048; MELD-Na= 0.858 ± 0.049; iMELD= 0.842 ± 0.052 (P > 0.05 in the comparison between the models of 48 hours). When models executed on admission were compared to their corresponding model calculated after 48 hours, significantly higher AUROC were obtained for all models (P < 0.05), except for MELD-Na (P = 0.075) and iMELD (P = 0.119). Considering cutoff point chosen by ROC curves, overall was noted similar sensitivity in two moments of calculation, however with significant gain in specificity and PPV in the evaluation of 48 hours. Conclusion: The studied models showed similar accuracy as predictors of mortality in cirrhotic patients admitted for 8 acute decompensation. However, the performance of these models was significantly better when applied 48 hours after admission when compared to their calculation on admission

Requisitos para a propositura da ação penal

A pessoa,ao oferecer denúncia ou queixa junto ao órgão competente,deverá cumprir uma série de requisitos para transformar sua pretensão judicial em processo. A partir do estudo do direito de ação,passando pelo conhecimento de como o processo se configura,pode-se vislumbrar o que é necessário para a propositura de uma ação jurídica na Justiça Criminal. Portanto,o propositor deve seguir uma determinada ordem processual,atendendo aos pressupostos processuais e às condições da ação ,de forma a obter uma tutela jurídica satisfeita

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Requisitos para a propositura da ação penal

A pessoa,ao oferecer denúncia ou queixa junto ao órgão competente,deverá cumprir uma série de requisitos para transformar sua pretensão judicial em processo. A partir do estudo do direito de ação,passando pelo conhecimento de como o processo se configura,pode-se vislumbrar o que é necessário para a propositura de uma ação jurídica na Justiça Criminal. Portanto,o propositor deve seguir uma determinada ordem processual,atendendo aos pressupostos processuais e às condições da ação ,de forma a obter uma tutela jurídica satisfeita

Autoantibody profile in individuals with chronic hepatitis C

Introduction Autoantibodies are often produced during infection with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV), but it remains controversial whether they influence the biochemical profile and histological features of this disease. Therefore, this current study sought to describe these autoantibodies and evaluate their impact on the clinical and histological presentation of hepatitis C. Methods This cross-sectional analytical study assessed patients with HCV (RNA+) from October 2011 to July 2012. Results This study included 66 patients, with a mean age of 53.2±10.5 years. Of these patients, 60.6% were male, and 54.3% presented with genotype 1. Non-organ-specific autoantibodies (NOSA) were detected in 24% of the patients; of these, 7.6% were anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA+), 26.7% were anti-smooth muscle antibodies (SMA+) and 6.8% were liver kidney microsomal type 1 antibodies (LKM1+). With respect to the thyroid autoantibodies, 7.4% were anti-peroxidase (ATPO+) antibodies, and none were anti-thyroglobulin (ATG+) antibodies. Regarding celiac disease autoantibodies, 5.8% were endomysial antibodies (EMA+), and no transglutaminase (TTG+) antibodies were detected. Cryoglobulins were found in 2.1% of patients. When NOSA+ individuals were compared to patients without the presence of NOSAs, they exhibited higher median alkaline phosphatase (0.7 vs. 0.6 xULN; p=0.041), lower median platelet counts (141,500.0 vs. 180,500.0/mm 3 ; p=0.036), lower mean prothrombin activity (72.6±11.5% vs. 82.2±16.0%; p=0.012) and an increased prevalence of significant fibrosis (E≥2) (45.5% vs. 18.2%; p=0.012). There was also a tendency for a greater proportion of NOSA+ cases to have marked periportal activity (APP≥3) (44.5% vs. 15.6%; p=0.087). Conclusions In addition to the high prevalence of autoantibodies associated with HCV infection, it was observed that NOSA positivity was associated with a more severe histological and biochemical profile of hepatitis C infection

Prevalence and clinical features of celiac disease in patients with hepatitis B virus infection in Southern Brazil

Introduction Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder that involves gluten intolerance and can be triggered by environmental factors including hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of celiac disease in individuals with HBV infection and to describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics of celiac disease associated with HBV. Methods This cross-sectional study included 50 hepatitis B patients tested for IgA anti-endomysial antibodies (EMAs) and tissue anti-transglutaminase (TTG) between August 2011 and September 2012. Results Fifty patients were included with a mean age of 46.0 &#177; 12.6 (46.0) years; 46% were female and 13% were HBeAg+. Six patients had positive serology for celiac disease, four were EMA+, and five were TTG+. When individuals with positive serology for celiac disease were compared to those with negative serology, they demonstrated a higher prevalence of abdominal pain (100% vs. 33.3%, p = 0.008), lower median creatinine (0.7mg/dL vs. 0.9mg/dL, p = 0.007) and lower mean albumin (3.6 &#177; 0.4g/L vs. 3.9 &#177; 0.3g/L, p = 0.022). All individuals with positive serology for celiac disease underwent upper digestive endoscopy, and three of the patients exhibited a macroscopic pattern suggestive of celiac disease. Histologically, five patients demonstrated an intra-epithelial lymphocytic infiltrate level > 30%, and four patients showed villous atrophy associated with crypt hyperplasia on duodenal biopsy. Conclusions An increased prevalence of celiac disease was observed among hepatitis B patients. These patients were symptomatic and had significant laboratory abnormalities. These results indicate that active screening for celiac disease among HBV-infected adults is warranted