Morphological, Mineralogical and Some Engineering Properties of Soil with Different Pedalogical Properties

In this study, the morphological, mineralogical, physical and chemical properties of three soil profiles, having different pedological development on the same parent material, were determined and relationships between their physical properties and mineralogical properties were investigated. According to this study’s results, three soil profiles were classified as Vertik Ustorthent, Typic Haplustept and Vertic Calciustept. The results of mineralogical analysis showed that montmorillonite in the 2: 1 type expanding smectite group is the dominant clay mineral and there is a small amount of kaolinite and nontronite clay minerals. Liquid limit and plastic limit of genetic horizons of soils were determined between 48-63% and 25-37%, respectively. The highest liquid limit and plastic limit values in surface horizon were found in Vertik Ustorthent whereas, the lowest values were determined for Vertic Calciustept. According to USCS (Unified Soil Classification System) classification, all soils were classified as high plasticity, inorganic clay (CH) and as moderate plasticity, inorganic clay (CL). In addition, mineralogical test results, values obtained as a result of index properties, and swelling evaluations obtained with the extension of soil properties has been found to be compatible. Besides, pedalogical development (cambic horizon) cannot be said to have much effect on the mineralogical and physical properties of soils

Morphology, minerology properties and classification of vertisols formed on two different parent material

The aims of this study are i-) to determine morphology, mineralogy, chemical and physical properties of four different soil profiles formed on two different parent materials and order, ii-) to classified according to soil taxonomy, and iii-) to investigate between physical characteristic and mineralogical properties. According to this study’s results, four soil profiles were classified as Calci Haplustert, Entic Haplustert, Chromic Haplustert, Typic Calciustert and it was determined that montmonilinite which is one of the swellable 2:1 smectite groups was found as dominate clay mineral followed by nontronite and kaolinite. Liquid limit and plastic limit of soils were determined between 53-70% and 27-40%, respectively. In surface horizon, liquid limit was found the highest value in Calci Haplustert while, Entic Haplustert has the highest plastic limit value. According to USCS classification, all soils were classified as high plasticity, inorganic clay (CH). In addition as classified according to their activity values, they were classified as no active clay. According to index properties and clay mineral all profiles can be said as swellable soils. According to analysis results, it can be said that studied soils including high amount of swellable smectite clay minerals have problem by taking into consideration of physical ground and soil engineering

Determination of Physical, Chemical and Fertility Properties of Soils Used for Tea Cultivation in East Part of the Çataklı River Basin

The aim of this study was to determine physical, chemical and nutritional status of soils (Camellia sinensis L.) in east side of Çataklı River Basin, in which tea (Camellia sinensis L.) has been cultivated. A total of 32 soil sample were collected from 16 locations including both surface (0-30 cm) and subsurface (30-60 cm) while taking slope, elevation and physiographic units into consideration. 16 different soil parameters; texture, pH, EC, lime, organic material, Na, K, Ca, Mg, N, P, K, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn were analyzed and descriptive statistical properties were calculated. According to the results, sand, clay, and silty content of the surface soil were determined as 28.40-77.68%, 7.60-46.88% and 14.72-34.72%, respectively, whereas sand, clay, and silty content of subsurface soil were found as 41.12 -81.12%, 6.88-40.88% and 12-34% in study area. In addition, dominant texture of the surface and subsurface study area soils were determined as sandy loam. pH values of surface soil were between 3.76 and 5.63 while, subsurface soils were between 3.70 and 6.62. Organic matter content of the surface soils were between 0.61% and 3.01%, while subsurface soils were between 0.48% and 4.24%. Although nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents, which are called macro nutrients of soils, are generally inadequate, there is no problem in the micronutrients, copper and iron, while zinc and manganese contents are found inadequate

Unclear Issues Regarding COVID-19

Scientists from all over the world have been intensively working to discover different aspects of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) since the first cluster of cases was reported in China. Herein, we aimed to investigate unclear issues related to transmission and pathogenesis of disease as well as accuracy of diagnostic tests and treatment modalities. A literature search on PubMed, Ovid, and EMBASE databases was conducted, and articles pertinent to identified search terms were extracted. A snow-ball search strategy was followed in order to retrieve additional relevant articles. It was reported that viral spread may occur during the asymptomatic phase of infection, and viral load was suggested to be a useful marker to assess disease severity. In contrast to immune response against viral infections, cytotoxic T lymphocytes decline in SARS-CoV-2 infection, which can be partially explained by direct invasion of T lymphocytes or apoptosis activated by SARS-CoV-2. Dysregulation of the urokinase pathway, cleavage of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein by FXa and FIIa, and consumption coagulopathy were the proposed mechanisms of the coagulation dysfunction in COVID-19. False-negative rates of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction varied between 3% and 41% across studies. The probability of the positive test was proposed to decrease with the number of days past from symptom onset. Safety issues related to infection spread limit the use of high flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in hypoxic patients. Further studies are required to elucidate the challenging issues, thus enhancing the management of COVID-19 patients

What We Learned about COVID-19 So Far? Notes from Underground

The novel coronavirus pandemic poses a major global threat to public health. Our knowledge concerning every aspect of COVID-19 is evolving rapidly, given the increasing data from all over the world. In this narrative review, the Turkish Thoracic Society Early Career Taskforce members aimed to provide a summary on recent literature regarding epidemiology, clinical findings, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of COVID-19. Studies revealed that the genetic sequence of the novel coronavirus showed significant identity to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor is an important target of the SARS-CoV-2 while entering an organism. Smokers were more likely to develop the disease and have a higher risk for ICU admission. The mean incubation period was 6.4 days, whereas asymptomatic transmission was reported up to 25 days after infection. Fever and cough were the most common symptoms, and cardiovascular diseases and hypertension were reported to be the most common comorbidities among patients. Clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic and mild disease to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Several patients showed typical symptoms and radiological changes with negative RT-PCR but positive IgG and IgM antibodies. Although radiological findings may vary, bilateral, peripherally distributed, ground-glass opacities were typical of COVID-19. Poor prognosis was associated with older age, higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, and high D-dimer level. Chloroquine was found to be effective in reducing viral replication in vitro. Likewise, protease inhibitors, including lopinavir/ritonavir, favipiravir, and nucleoside analogue remdesivir were proposed to be the potential drug candidates in COVID-19 management. Despite these efforts, we still have much to learn regarding the transmission, treatment, and prevention of COVID-19

What We Learned about COVID-19 So Far? Notes from Underground

The novel coronavirus pandemic poses a major global threat to public health. Our knowledge concerning every aspect of COVID-19 is evolving rapidly, given the increasing data from all over the world. In this narrative review, the Turkish Thoracic Society Early Career Taskforce members aimed to provide a summary on recent literature regarding epidemiology, clinical findings, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of COVID-19. Studies revealed that the genetic sequence of the novel coronavirus showed significant identity to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor is an important target of the SARS-CoV-2 while entering an organism. Smokers were more likely to develop the disease and have a higher risk for ICU admission. The mean incubation period was 6.4 days, whereas asymptomatic transmission was reported up to 25 days after infection. Fever and cough were the most common symptoms, and cardiovascular diseases and hypertension were reported to be the most common comorbidities among patients. Clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic and mild disease to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Several patients showed typical symptoms and radiological changes with negative RT-PCR but positive IgG and IgM antibodies. Although radiological findings may vary, bilateral, peripherally distributed, ground-glass opacities were typical of COVID-19. Poor prognosis was associated with older age, higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, and high D-dimer level. Chloroquine was found to be effective in reducing viral replication in vitro. Likewise, protease inhibitors, including lopinavir/ritonavir, favipiravir, and nucleoside analogue remdesivir were proposed to be the potential drug candidates in COVID-19 management. Despite these efforts, we still have much to learn regarding the transmission, treatment, and prevention of COVID-19

What We Learned about COVID-19 So Far? Notes from Underground

The novel coronavirus pandemic poses a major global threat to public health. Our knowledge concerning every aspect of COVID-19is evolving rapidly, given the increasing data from all over the world. In this narrative review, the Turkish Thoracic Society Early CareerTaskforce members aimed to provide a summary on recent literature regarding epidemiology, clinical findings, diagnosis, treatment,prevention, and control of COVID-19. Studies revealed that the genetic sequence of the novel coronavirus showed significant identityto SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor is an important target of the SARS-CoV-2 while entering anorganism. Smokers were more likely to develop the disease and have a higher risk for ICU admission. The mean incubation periodwas 6.4 days, whereas asymptomatic transmission was reported up to 25 days after infection. Fever and cough were the most commonsymptoms, and cardiovascular diseases and hypertension were reported to be the most common comorbidities among patients. Clinicalmanifestations range from asymptomatic and mild disease to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Several patients showed typicalsymptoms and radiological changes with negative RT-PCR but positive IgG and IgM antibodies. Although radiological findings may vary,bilateral, peripherally distributed, ground-glass opacities were typical of COVID-19. Poor prognosis was associated with older age, higherSequential Organ Failure Assessment score, and high D-dimer level. Chloroquine was found to be effective in reducing viral replicationin vitro. Likewise, protease inhibitors, including lopinavir/ritonavir, favipiravir, and nucleoside analogue remdesivir were proposed to bethe potential drug candidates in COVID-19 management. Despite these efforts, we still have much to learn regarding the transmission,treatment, and prevention of COVID-19WOS:0005409044000092-s2.0-8508693317

IVIg-induced headache: prospective study of a large cohort with neurological disorders

Background: Intravenous immune globulin (IVIg) is frequently used in some neurological diseases and is also the first-line therapy in Guillain-Barré syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, and multifocal motor neuropathy. We aimed to evaluate the frequency and characteristics of headaches, which is one of the most common side effects of IVIg treatment. Methods: Patients who received IVIg treatment for neurological diseases were prospectively enrolled in 23 centers. Firstly, the characteristics of patients with and without IVIg-induced headaches were analyzed statistically. Then, patients with IVIg-induced headaches were classified into three subgroups determined by their history: no primary headache, tension-type headache (TTH), and migraine. Results: A total of 464 patients (214 women) and 1548 IVIg infusions were enrolled between January and August 2022. The frequency of IVIg-related headaches was 27.37% (127/464). A binary logistic regression analysis performed with significant clinical features disclosed that female sex and fatigue as a side effect were statistically more common in the IVIg-induced headache group. IVIg-related headache duration was long and affected daily living activities more in patients with migraine compared to no primary headache and TTH groups (p = 0.01, respectively). Conclusion: Headache is more likely to occur in female patients receiving IVIg and those who develop fatigue as a side effect during the infusion. Clinicians’ awareness of IVIg-related headache characteristics, especially in patients with migraine, may increase treatment compliance