Ultrassonografia à beira do leito para localização da sonda nasoenteral: concordância entre enfermeiro e médico

Objetivo: Avaliar a concordância entre enfermeiroe médico na determinação da localizaçãoda sonda enteral por ultrassonografia e descrever as dificuldades encontradas pelo enfermeiro na execução da técnica.Método: Estudo transversal, realizado em 2021, incluindo pacientes críticos após a inserção dasondaenteral, avaliados de modo independente por enfermeiro e médico, utilizando ultrassonografia à beira do leito. A sonda foi considerada adequadamente posicionada quando visualizada em posição infradiafragmática na topografia do estômago.Resultados: Nos 30 pares de avaliações houve concordância quase perfeita (k = 0,93; IC95%: 0,65 – 0,99). Em apenas um caso houve dúvida do enfermeiro sobre o posicionamento. As dificuldades relatadas foram:distensão abdominal (n=2), interposição de gás (n=3) e movimentação do paciente durante o exame (n=2).Conclusão: Um enfermeiro capacitadoobteve resultados semelhantes aos encontrados por um médico na identificação do posicionamento da sondaenteral por meio de ultrassonografia, sugerindo tratar-se de uma técnica reprodutível e segura. Palavras-chave: Intubação gastrointestinal. Ultrassonografia. Enfermagem. Unidades de terapia intensiva. Nutrição enteral

LES COMMERÇANTS AMBULANTS ET LEURS CLIENTS A RIO DE JANEIRO : DES ESPACES DE SOCIABILITES EN MOUVEMENT

International audienceThis paper analyzes citizen's practices and discourses in the Rio de Janeiro metropolis, considering these citizens as eventual or effective customer of the street vendors. It aims at understanding the mercantile dimension of the day-to-day mobilities from a comparative ethnological approach of two spaces of the city: the market of Uruguaiana and the beach of Copacabana.Cet article examine les pratiques et les discours de citadins de la métropole de Rio de Janeiro, clients éventuels ou attitrés des vendeurs ambulants. Nous proposons de réfléchir sur la dimension marchande des déplacements du quotidien à partir d'une ethnographie comparée de deux espaces de la ville : le marché Populaire d'Uruguaiana et la plage de Copacabana

Morpho-Anatomical Analysis of the Rhizome in Species of Scleria Berg. (Cyperaceae) from Serra do Cipó (MG)

Aspects related to the nature of stem thickening in monocotyledons have been the subject of many studies. Primary thickening has been attributed to the Primary Thickening Meristem (PTM). According to most authors, it gives rise, besides the adventitious roots, to the vascular tissues and part of the cortex. In other words, it has centripetal and centrifugal activity. For some authors, however, it gives rise only to the vascular system, and for others, only to part of the cortex. However, this work demonstrated that PTM corresponds to the pericycle in the meristematic phase or to the pericycle associated with the endodermis, also with meristematic activity. It was observed that the pericycle was responsible for the formation of the vascular system of the rhizome and of the adventitious roots; the endodermis gave rise to cell layers with radial disposition which comprised the inner portion of the stem cortex, and which corresponded to the region known as the derivatives of the meristematic endodermis (DME). A continuity was also demonstrated between the tissues of the stem and root in species of Scleria Berg. (Cyperaceae).Aspectos relacionados à natureza do espessamento em caules de monocotiledôneas têm sido objeto de estudo de muitos pesquisadores. O espessamento primário vem sendo atribuído ao meristema de espessamento primário (MEP). Segundo a maioria dos autores origina, além das raízes adventícias, os tecidos vasculares e parte do córtex. Para alguns autores, no entanto, origina apenas o sistema vascular e para outros, apenas parte do córtex. Entretanto, demonstra-se neste trabalho, que o MEP corresponde ao periciclo em fase meristemática ou ao periciclo associado à endoderme, também com atividade meristemática. Verificou-se que o periciclo é responsável pela formação do sistema vascular do rizoma e pela formação das raízes adventícias; a endoderme origina fileiras radiais de células que constituem a porção interna do córtex caulinar e que correspondem à região denominada derivadas da endoderme meristemática (DEM). Demonstra-se também, a continuidade entre os tecidos do caule e da raiz nas espécies de Scleria Berg. (Cyperaceae).Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Endodermis with meristematic activity in roots of species of Scleria Berg. (Cyperaceae)

O sistema radicular de Scleria é, como nas demais Cyperaceae, um sistema de raízes adventícias. No estudo anatômico da raiz de sete espécies procedentes do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, um aspecto relevante é a presença de um córtex formado por células radialmente dispostas, resultante de uma endoderme com atividade meristemática, formada por células iniciais. Mais da metade da espessura do córtex é resultante dessa atividade, constituindo as Derivadas da Endoderme Meristemática (DEM). Após cessarem as divisões das iniciais endodérmicas, esse tecido sofre diferenciação, primeiro formando estrias de Caspary, apresentando posteriormente, em níveis mais distantes do ápice, espessamentos secundários das paredes das células. O córtex interno exibe espessamento das paredes das células no nível em que a endoderme já apresenta estrias de Caspary.The root system of Scleria is, as in the remaining Cyperaceae, a system of adventitious roots. In the study of root anatomy of seven species from Minas Gerais state, Brazil, one relevant aspect is the presence of a cortex, formed by radially placed cells, resulting from an endodermis with meristematic activity, formed by initial cells. More than half the thickness of the cortex is the result of this activity, constituting the Derivatives of the Meristematic Endodermis (DME). After endodermal initials divisions ceases, this tissue undergoes differentiation, first forming casparian strip, proceeding to, and at the farthest levels from the apex, secondary thickening of these cell walls. The internal cortex presents thickening of cell walls at the level whereat the endodermis denotes casparian strip

As small clauses complementos no português do Brasil

Orientadora: Maria José FoltranTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Humanas, Letras e Artes, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras. Defesa: Curitiba, 2006Inclui bibliografi

SAPO campus: aprendizagem, ensino e pessoas em rede

Doutoramento em Multimédia em EducaçãoAs escolas portuguesas do ensino não superior estão dotadas com infraestruturas e equipamentos que permitem trazer o mundo para dentro da sala de aula, tornando o processo de ensino e de aprendizagem mais rico e motivador para os alunos. A adoção institucional de uma plataforma que segue os princípios da web social, o SAPO Campus (SC), definida pela abertura, partilha, integração, inovação e personalização, pode ser catalisadora de processos de mudança e inovação. O presente estudo teve como finalidade acompanhar o processo de adoção do SC em cinco escolas, bem como analisar o impacto no processo de ensino e de aprendizagem e a forma como os alunos e professores se relacionam com esta tecnologia. As escolas envolvidas foram divididas em dois grupos: o primeiro grupo, constituído por três escolas onde o acompanhamento teve uma natureza mais interventiva e presente, enquanto que no segundo grupo, composto por duas escolas, foram apenas observadas as dinâmicas que se desenvolveram no processo de adoção e utilização do SC. No presente estudo, que se assume como um estudo longitudinal de multicasos, foram aplicadas técnicas de tratamento de dados como a estatística descritiva, a análise de conteúdo e a Social Network Analysis (SNA), com o objetivo de, através de uma triangulação permanente, proceder a uma análise dos impactos observados pela utilização do SC. Estes impactos podem ser situados em três níveis diferentes: relativos à instituição, aos professores e aos alunos. Ao nível da adoção institucional de uma tecnologia, verificou-se que essa adoção passa uma mensagem a toda a organização e que, no caso do SC, apela à participação coletiva num ambiente aberto onde as hierarquias se dissipam. Verificou-se ainda que deve implicar o envolvimento dos alunos em atividades significativas e a adoção de estratégias dinâmicas, preferencialmente integradas num projeto mobilizador. A adoção do SC foi ainda catalisadora de dinâmicas que provocaram mudanças nos padrões de consumo e de produção de conteúdos bem como de uma atitude diferente perante o papel da web social no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. As conclusões apontam ainda no sentido da identificação de um conjunto de fatores, observados no estudo, que tiveram impacto no processo de adoção como o papel das lideranças, a importância da formação de professores, a cultura das escolas, a integração num projeto pedagógico e, a um nível mais primário, as questões do acesso à tecnologia. Algumas comunidades construídas à volta do SAPO Campus, envolvendo professores, alunos e a comunidade, evoluíram no sentido da autossustentação, num percurso de reflexão sobre as práticas pedagógicas e partilha de experiências.Portuguese schools are currently fully equipped with resources and facilities that make it possible to bring the world into the classroom, thus enhancing both the teaching and learning dynamics, as well as increasing students’ motivation. The institutional adoption of platforms, such as SAPO Campus (SC), that follow the core principles of the social web, and are defined by openness, sharing, integration, innovation and personalization, can become the driving force for change and innovation within schools. This study’s main goal was to monitor how five different schools adopted and implemented the SC platform, as well as analyse its impact on the teaching and learning processes and how students and teachers responded to this technology. The schools included in this research were divided into two groups: the first group consisted of three schools in which there was a more direct and proactive intervention regarding the adoption and use of the platform, whereas the second group was made up of two schools in which these processes were only observed, without the direct involvement of researchers. Considering this was a longitudinal survey focusing on multiple cases, different data processing techniques, such as descriptive statistics, content analysis and Social Network Analysis (SNA) were used throughout the study. The data collected was then triangulated and validated making it possible to analyse the impact of SC and how it was used. These impacts can be placed at different levels: those concerning the institution, teachers and students. Regarding technology appropriation, at an institutional level the platform’s endorsement sends out a message to the organization, calling out for collective engagement and participation within an open environment, where hierarchies become less apparent. It also became clear that students must be engaged in significant activities, as the platform’s use strives when dynamic strategies are used, especially within the scope of stimulating projects. SC’s adoption was also a catalyst for dynamics that changed consumption and production patterns and fostered a different attitude towards the role social web plays in the teaching and learning process. The results also point towards several elements that were observed throughout the study as having had an impact in the platform’s adoption. These elements include the role of leaderships, the importance of teacher training, school culture, integration into a pedagogical project and, at a more basic level, questions regarding the access to technology. Some communities that emerged from and around SAPO Campus and that involved teachers, students and the community, have become self-sufficient, having based their growth on the reflection on pedagogical practices and the sharing of experiences

Reaction Rates of Lignin and Hexenuronic Acids with Chlorine Dioxide, Ozone, and Sulfuric Acid

The reaction rates of lignin and hexenuronic acids (HexA) with chlorine dioxide, ozone, and sulfuric acid were investigated. In unbleached and oxygen-delignified eucalyptus kraft pulps containing both lignin and HexA, only HexA, or only lignin reacted with chlorine dioxide, ozone, and sulfuric acid under typical bleaching conditions. The maximum reaction rates of chlorine dioxide with lignin and HexA were 57.2 and 26 mmol/kg/min, respectively, for unbleached pulp, and 26.7 and 13 mmol/kg/min, respectively, for oxygen-delignified pulp. The maximum reaction rates of ozone with lignin and HexA were 58.6 and 132 mmol/kg/min, respectively, for unbleached pulp, and 56.8 and 134 mmol/kg/min, respectively, for oxygen-delignified pulp. The maximum reaction rates of sulfuric acid with lignin, and HexA were 1.11 and 0.93 mmol/kg/min, respectively, for unbleached pulp, and 1.95 and 0.80 mmol/kg/min, respectively, for oxygen-delignified pulp. Chlorine dioxide reacts faster with HexA in the presence of the residual lignin. The kinetic results suggest that pulp treatment with ozone, when justifiable, should follow but not precede chlorine dioxide oxidation. Unbleached pulp residual lignin and HexA react twice as fast with chlorine dioxide than the lignin and HexA present in oxygen-delignified pulp, while the pulp type has no significant effect on lignin and HexA reactivity toward ozone. HexA reactions with sulfuric acid and ozone can be described by two-phase pseudo first-order reaction rates

Reaction Rates of Lignin and Hexenuronic Acids with Chlorine Dioxide, Ozone, and Sulfuric Acid

The reaction rates of lignin and hexenuronic acids (HexA) with chlorine dioxide, ozone, and sulfuric acid were investigated. In unbleached and oxygen-delignified eucalyptus kraft pulps containing both lignin and HexA, only HexA, or only lignin reacted with chlorine dioxide, ozone, and sulfuric acid under typical bleaching conditions. The maximum reaction rates of chlorine dioxide with lignin and HexA were 57.2 and 26 mmol/kg/min, respectively, for unbleached pulp, and 26.7 and 13 mmol/kg/min, respectively, for oxygen-delignified pulp. The maximum reaction rates of ozone with lignin and HexA were 58.6 and 132 mmol/kg/min, respectively, for unbleached pulp, and 56.8 and 134 mmol/kg/min, respectively, for oxygen-delignified pulp. The maximum reaction rates of sulfuric acid with lignin, and HexA were 1.11 and 0.93 mmol/kg/min, respectively, for unbleached pulp, and 1.95 and 0.80 mmol/kg/min, respectively, for oxygen-delignified pulp. Chlorine dioxide reacts faster with HexA in the presence of the residual lignin. The kinetic results suggest that pulp treatment with ozone, when justifiable, should follow but not precede chlorine dioxide oxidation. Unbleached pulp residual lignin and HexA react twice as fast with chlorine dioxide than the lignin and HexA present in oxygen-delignified pulp, while the pulp type has no significant effect on lignin and HexA reactivity toward ozone. HexA reactions with sulfuric acid and ozone can be described by two-phase pseudo first-order reaction rates

Effect of freshwater influx on phytoplankton in the Mandovi estuary (Goa, India) during monsoon season: Chemotaxonomy

The Mandovi estuary is a prominent water body that runs along the west coast ofIndia. It forms an estuarine network with the adjacent Zuari estuary, connected via the Cumbharjua canal. The physico-chemical conditions seen in the Mandovi estuary are influenced by two factors: the fresh water runoff during the monsoon season (June-September) and the tidal influx of coastal seawater during the summer (October to May) season. However, the effects of monsoon related changes on the phytoplankton of the Mandovi estuary are not yet fully understood. An attempt to understand the same has been made here by applying the process of daily sampling at a fixed station throughout the monsoon season. It was noticed that the onset of the monsoon is responsible for an increase in nitrate levels upto 26 μM from <1 μM during pre-monsoon and enhancement of chlorophyll a (chl a) as high as 14 μg·L-1 during the same period. The phytoplankton population was observed through both chemotaxonomy and microscopy and was found to be composed mainly of diatoms. CHEMTAX analysis further uncovers the presence of several other groups of phytoplankton, the presence of which is yet to be reported in many other tropical estuaries. It includes chrysophytes, cyanobacteria, prasinophytes, prymnesiophytes and chlorophytes. The appearance of phytoplankton groups at various stages of the monsoon was recorded, and this data is discussed in relation to environmental changes in the Mandovi estuary during the monsoon season

Effectiveness and Safety of Short Course Liposomal Amphotericin B (AmBisome) as First Line Treatment for Visceral Leishmaniasis in Bangladesh

Bangladesh is one of the endemic countries for Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL). Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) ran a VL treatment clinic in the most endemic district (Fulbaria) between 2010 and 2013 using a semi-ambulatory regimen for primary VL of 15mg/kg Liposomal Amphotericin-B (AmBisome) in three equal doses of 5mg/kg. The main objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness and safety of this regimen after a 12 month follow-up period by retrospective analysis of routinely collected program data. A secondary objective was to explore risk factors for relapse