تطوير القاموس المساعد في تعليم مهارة القراءة في مدرسة دار الأخوة الثانوية الإسلامية بمالانج

ABSTRAK Peneliti menemukan masalah diantaranya: kurangnya kemampuan siswa dalam membaca teks bahasa arab, kurangnya kosakata dan pemahaman mufrodzat ketika belajar bahasa arab, dan sebagian mereka kesulitan mengakses kamus bahasa arab dan kesulitan dalam menyusun kalimat dalam bacaan sesuai dengan kaidah yang benar, tidak tersediaanya buku penunjang atau media pembelajaran yang efektif dan menarik sehingga sebagian besar siswa merasa bosan dan merasa bahwa pelajaran bahasa arab itu sulit, dan kurangnya ilustrasi gambar dan warna dalam penyajian kosakata didalam kamus dan dibuku ajar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) Menghasilkan dan menjelaskan proses pengembangan kamus musaid dalam pembelajaran maharah qiraah di SMP Daarul Ukhuwwah Malang; (2) Untuk Mengetahui kelayakan kamus musaid dalam pembelajaran maharah qiraah di SMP Daarul Ukhuwwah Malang; (3) Untuk Mengetahui keefektifan kamus musaid dalam pembelajaran maharah qiraah di SMP Daarul Ukhuwwah Malang. Metode penelitian ini adalah menggunakan jenis penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development). Proses pengembangan kamus musaid menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE yang mengadopsi dalam Robert Maribe Branch. Model pengembangan ADDIE mempunyai 5 tahapan: a) Tahap Analisis, b) Tahap Desain, c) Tahap Pengembangan, d) Tahap Implementasi, e) Tahap Evaluasi. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui data kualitatif dan data kuantitatif. Data kualitatif diperoleh dari hasil wawancara, observasi, masukan para validator,dan dokumentasi, sedangkan data kuantitatif diperoleh dari hasil kuesioner validator, hasil belajar siswa pre-test dan post-test sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan produk kamus musaid yang dianalisis menggunakan uji-t dengan bantuan program komputer SPSS 21. Adapun hasil penelitian ini adalah: (1) Menghasilkan kamus musaid melalui tahapan pengembangan ADDIE. (2) Proses uji kelayakan kamus musaid melalui validator ahli desain, ahli bahasa dan isi, ahli pembelajaran, hal ini berdasarkan hasil validasi ahli desain mendapatkan kriteria sangat layak dengan nilai 98,75%. Hasil validasi ahli bahasa dan isi memdapatkan triteria layak dengan nilai 80%. Hasil validasi ahli pembelajaran mendapatkan kriteria sangat layak dengan nilai 88,57%. Hasil angket tanggapan kemenarikan kamus musaid untuk siswa mendapatkan kriteria sangat layak dengan nilai 81,15%. (3) Tingkat keefektifan pada kamus musaid yang hasilnya terbukti efektif. Hal ini diperkuat dari hasil pre-test dan post-test sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan kamus musaid, hasil pre-test dan post-test kelas eksperimen mendapatkan nilai rata-rata 56,69 dan 86,31, dan hasil pre-test dan post-test kelas kontrol mendapatkan nilai rata-rata 51,35 dan 61,81. Dari hasil tersebut kemudian diuji dengan menggunakan independent sample test, adapun hasilnya adalah hasil uji hipotesis post-test kelas eksperimen dan kontrol yaitu Sig. 0,000 < 0,05. Dari perolehan hasil tersebut ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan kamus musaid. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan kamus bantu berkontribusi dalam memecahkan masalah pengajaran keterampilan membaca teks bahasa Arab. ABSTRACT The researcher found problems including: is the lack of students' ability to read Arabic texts, is the lack of vocabulary and mufrodzat understanding when learning Arabic, and some of them have difficulty accessing Arabic dictionary and difficulties in compiling sentences in reading according to the correct rules, is the unavailability of effective and interesting supporting books or learning media so that most students feel bored and feel that learning Arabic is difficult, the lack of picture and color illustrations in the presentation of vocabulary in dictionaries and textbooks. The aims of this study were (1) to produce and explain the process of developing a musaid dictionary in maharah qiraah learning at Daarul Ukhuwwah Middle School Malang; (2) To find out the feasibility of the musaid dictionary in maharah qiraah learning at Daarul Ukhuwwah Middle School Malang; (3) To find out the effectiveness of the musaid dictionary in learning maharah qiraah at Daarul Ukhuwwah Middle School Malang. This research method is to use the type of research and development (Research and Development). The process of developing the Musaid dictionary uses the ADDIE development model which adopts the Robert Maribe Branch. The ADDIE development model has 5 stages: a) Analysis Stage, b) Design Stage, c) Development Stage, d) Implementation Stage, e) Evaluation Stage. Data collection techniques through qualitative data and quantitative data. Qualitative data were obtained from interviews, observations, input from validators, and documentation, while quantitative data were obtained from validator questionnaire results, pre-test and post-test student learning outcomes before and after using the Musaid dictionary product which were analyzed using the t-test with the help of SPSS 21 computer program. The results of this study are: (1) Producing a musaid dictionary through the ADDIE development stages. (2) The process of testing the feasibility of the Musaid dictionary through design expert validators, language and content experts, learning experts whose results are very feasible and worthy of being tested. This is based on the validation results of design experts getting very feasible criteria with a value of 98.75%. The results of validation by linguists and content experts obtained a feasible triteria with a value of 80%. The results of the validation of learning experts get very feasible criteria with a value of 88.57%. The results of the Musaid dictionary's attractiveness response questionnaire for students get very decent criteria with a value of 81.15%. (3) The level of effectiveness in the musaid dictionary which results prove to be effective. This was reinforced by the results of the pre-test and post-test before and after using the Musaid dictionary, the results of the pre-test and post-test of the experimental class obtained an average score of 56.69 and 86.31, and the results of the pre-test and post- the control class test got an average value of 51.35 and 61.81. These results were then tested using an independent sample test, while the results were the post-test results of the experimental and control class hypotheses, namely Sig. 0.000 < 0.05. From the acquisition of these results there is a significant difference between before and after using the Musaid dictionary. In conclusion, there is an increase in student learning outcomes after using the musaid dictionary in maharah qiraah learning at Daarul Ukhuwwah Middle School Malang. The conclusion of this study shows that the existence of an auxiliary dictionary contributes to solving the problem of teaching reading skills of Arabic texts. مستخلص البحث ووجد الباحث مشاكل منها: عدم قدرة الطلاب على قراءة النصوص العربية، ونقص المفردات وفهم المفردات عند تعليم اللغة العربية، ومنهم من يجد صعوبة في الوصول إلى القاموس العربي وصعوبة في تجميع الجمل في القراءة وفق القواعد الصحيحة، وعدم توفر كتب داعمة فعالة ومثيرة للاهتمام أو وسائط تعليمية بحيث يشعر معظم الطلاب بالملل ويشعرون بصعوبة تعليم اللغة العربية، وقلة الرسوم التوضيحية المصورة والملونة في عرض المفردات في القاموس والكتب المدرسية. والأهدف من هذا البحث هي: 1) إنتاج وشرح عملية تطوير قاموس المساعد في تعليم مهارة القراءة في مدرسة دار الأخوة الثانوية الإسلامية بمالانج، 2) لمعرفة صلاحية قاموس المساعد في تعليم مهارة القراءة في مدرسة دار الأوخوه الثانوية الإسلامية بمالانج، 3) لمعرفة فعالية قاموس المساعد في تعليم مهارة القراءة في مدرسة دار الأخوة الثانوية الإسلامية بمالانج. إن منهجية البحث المستخدمة في هذا البحث فهي من نوع البحث والتطوير. تستخدم عملية تطوير القاموس المساعد نموذج تطوير ADDIE الذي يتبنى روبرت ماريبي فريغ. يتكون نموذج تطوير ADDIE من خمسة مراحل: مرحلة التحليل، مرحلة التصميم، مرحلة التطوير، مرحلة التنفيذ، مرحلة التقييم. أسلوب جمع البيانات من خلال البيانات النوعية والبيانات الكمية. تم الحصول على البيانات النوعية من المقابلات والملاحظات والمدخلات من الخبراء والوثائق، بينما تم الحصول على البيانات الكمية من نتائج استبيان والاختبار القبلي والبعدي لنتائج تعلم الطلاب قبلي وبعد استخدام منتج قاموس مساعد الذي تم تحليله باستخدام اختبار- t بمساعدة برنامج الكمبيوتر SPSS 21. ونتائج البحث هي: (1) إنشاء قاموس مساعد من خلال مراحل تطوير ADDIE. (2) عملية اختبار جدوى قاموس مساعد من خلال تصديق التصميم الخبير، وخبير اللغة والمحتوى، وخبير التعليم ويعتمد هذا على نتائج التصديق من صحة خبير التصميم الذين حصل على معايير "ممتاز" بقيمة 98.75٪. حصل نتائج التصديق من صحة الخبير اللغة والمحتوى على معايير "جيد جدا" بقيمة 80٪. نتائج التصديق من الخبير التعليم حصل على معايير "ممتاز" بقيمة 88.57٪. نتائج استبيان إجابة القاموس المساعد للطلاب حصل على معايير "ممتاز" بقيمة 81،15٪. (3) مستوى الفعالية في قاموس المساعد الذي أثبتت النتائج فعاليته. وقد تعزز ذلك بنتائج الاختبار القبلي والبعدي قبل وبعد استخدام قاموس مساعد، وحصلت نتائج الاختبار القبلي والبعدي للفئة التجريبية على متوسط درجات 56،69 و 86،31 والنتائج. من الاختبار القبلي والبعدي للفئة الضابطة بمتوسط قيمة 51،35 و 61،81. تم اختبار النتائج بعد ذلك باستخدام اختبار عينة مستقل، بينما كانت النتائج نتائج اختبار الفرضية اللاحق للفئتين التجريبية والضابطة وهي Sig. 0،000<0،05. من الحصول على هذه النتائج هناك فرق كبير بين قبلي وبعدي استخدام قاموس مساعد. وخلاصة هذا البحث تدل على أن وجود القاموس المساعد يسهم في حل مشكلات تعليم مهارة قراءة النصوص العربية

Virološko i molekularno istraživanje na uzorcima bizona pod sumnjom da su zaraženi virusom bizonskih boginja u Egiptu 2019. godine

In this study, skin lesions from buffaloes showing clinical signs of buffalopox infection were tested to isolate and identify the buffalopox virus (BPXV). Clinical examination of infected buffaloes was performed and visible clinical signs recorded. Skin scabs from infected buffaloes were collected and used for virus isolation on embryonated chicken egg (ECE) and tissue culture cell lines. The isolated BPXV was identified and characterized using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The infected buffaloes displayed fever, skin eruptions, enlargement of superficial lymph nodes, emaciation and drop in milk yield. The ECE inoculated with the prepared skin scab samples showed clear raised white pock lesions on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). The inoculated tissue cultures (VERO and BHK cell lines) revealed a cytopathic effect (CPE) including rounding, clumping with cytoplasmic granulation and cluster formation. PCR for the C18L specific BPXV gene was carried out on the virus infected tissue culture produced 368 bp bands. Human infection with BPXV was also recorded. It was concluded that BPXV is circulating in Egyptian buffaloes, causing economical losses and infection in contact humans.U ovoj studiji lezije kože bizona koje su pokazivale kliničke znakove infekcije bizonskim boginjama, rabljene su za izoliranje i identifikaciju virusa bizonskih boginja (BPXV). Provedeno je kliničko ispitivanje zaraženih bizona i zabilježeni su očiti klinički znaci. Kraste s kože zaraženih bizona su prikupljene i rabljene za izolaciju virusa na embrioniranom kokošjem jajetu (ECE) te linijama tkivnih staničnih kultura. Izolirani BPXV identificiran je i okarakteriziran uporabom lančane reakcije polimerazom (PCR). Zaraženi bizoni imali su vrućicu, osip na koži, povećanje površinskih limfnih čvorova, mršavjeli su, a i došlo je do pada proizvodnje mlijeka. ECE cijepljeni pripremljenim uzorcima krasta s kože pokazali su jasne uzdignute bijele lezije boginja na korioalantoičnoj membrani (CAM). Cijepljene tkivne kulture (VERO i BHK stanične linije) otkrile su citopatski učinak (CPE), uključujući zaobljivanje, agregaciju s granulacijom citoplazme i formiranje klastera. PCR za C18L specifični gen virusa bizonskih boginja proveden je na tkivnoj kulturi zaraženoj virusom proizvevši 368 bp vrpci. Zabilježena je i zaraza ljudi BPXV-om. Zaključeno je da BPXV kruži među egipatskim bizonima, što prouzroči, dođu li u kontakt s BPXV zarazu ljudi i velike ekonomske gubitke

Evaluating human competencies and their role in improving the quality of health services - a case study at the Public Hospital of Laghouat

يهدف هذا المقال إلى تحليل الإطار المفاهيمي لتقييم الكفاءات البشرية وصولا إلى أهم الطرق والأدوات القياس مستوى الكفاءات، ودراسة مكانة وأهمية تقييم الكفاءات البشرية في المؤسسات بصفة عامة والمؤسسات الصحية على وجه الخصوص،&nbsp;ومعرفة ما مدى مساهمتها في تحقيق جودة الخدمات الصحية المقدمة، والتعرف على مجموعة من الطرق والأساليب التي بدورها تحدد وتعدل مكونات الكفاءة التي تعتبر من العوامل الرئيسية في التميز والاستمرارية، وقد أعتمد في الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وتوصلت نتائج الدراسة بأن مواكبة التحديات والتغيرات المحيطة بالمنظمات الصحية تتطلب تقييم كفاءاتها البشرية من أجل تحقيق كل من التكلفة والفعالية والآمان والعدالة والجودة لخدماتها الصحية المقدمة للمرضى والمجتمع.The purpose of this article is to analyze the conceptual framework for assessing human competencies, to reach the most important methods and tools, to measure the level of competencies, and to study the importance of evaluating human competencies in institutions in general and health institutions in particular, to know how much they contribute to the quality of health services provided. Methods that determine and modify the components of efficiency which are considered the main factors in the excellence and continuity. The study was based on the analytical descriptive approach. The results of the study found that coping with the challenges and changes surrounding health organizations require evaluation of human talent in order to achieve all of the cost, effectiveness, safety, justice and quality health services provided to patients and the community

Methanol Extract of Melastoma malabathricum Leaves as Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in Sulfuric Acid

Methanol extract of Melastoma malabathricum (MEMML) contains secondary metabolites such as phenolics and flavonoids. These compounds have OH groups that can interact with Fe contained in steel and form a thin layer for corrosion inhibition on mild steel. Inhibition of mild steel corrosion using MEMML leaves in sulfuric acid solution was carried out using weight loss and potentiodynamic polarization methods. The results showed that the mild steel corrosion rate decreased and inhibition efficiency increased with the addition of MEMML. FTIR and SEM analysis showed the interaction between mild steel with MEMML forming a layer on the surface of the steel so that it inhibits corrosion. The inhibition efficiency has increased with the length of immersion time and concentration of MML methanol extract. The highest inhibition efficiency, 98.86%, was obtained at 72 hours of immersion time and 10 g / L MEMML

LIVING HADITH AS A SOCIAL CULTURAL PHENOMENON OF INDONESIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Purpose of the study: This article intends to review the literature on living hadith issues as a social-cultural phenomenon of Indonesia. Methodology: For this article, Systematic Literature Review (SLR) has been used to discuss the data from documents based on the living hadith issues, such as books, journals, and other related materials which had been reviewed and referred to Hadith as the main source. Main Findings: This article found that living hadith is a religious phenomenon that is turned on by society. The phrase living hadith in Indonesia as a term that refers to the contextual practice of hadiths or sunnah that are spelled out of ijma and ijtihad which agreed upon in a Muslim community. In other words, living hadith is an understanding of the meaning of hadith that applied in everyday practices. Applications of this study: This article can be useful for humanity, especially for Muslims when the term of living hadith takes place in society in the form of practices based on the understanding of the hadith of Prophet Muhammad as a second source of Islamic law. Novelty/Originality of this study: The phrase of Living Hadith is not similar among the Muslim community in Malaysia, so it is a new discovery and should be enlightened

Potency of Carica papaya Leaf Extract as Thrombocytopenia Therapy for Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever: A Systematic Review of Randomized Control Trials

Background: Dengue fever is a common disease in tropical countries. According to the data from the Indonesia Ministry of Health, there were 71.633 Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) cases reported in Indonesia, with approximately 459 people dying from the disease. Thrombocytopenia is the most common clinical feature of DHF and often causes serious complications if not treatedproperly. Several studies have analyzed the potency of Carica papaya leaf which has been proven asan effective therapy for thrombocytopenia. Objectives: This systematic review aims to discover the potency of Carica papaya leaf extract as a therapy for thrombocytopenia. Method: Literature was searched by using keywords in accordance with the topic, then filtered according to the inclusion criteria that had been determined according to the PRISMA rules. Publication bias in this reviewwas conducted subjectively using the Revman 5.4 software. Results: From 138 studies, it wasfound that screening was carried out based on inclusion criteria, including a randomized controlled trial study in humans with a population of dengue fever patients and received the intervention of papaya leaf extract so that 6 studies were included in the inclusion study, which was then carried out by qualitative synthesis from the study. Based on the results of the qualitative analysis, it wasfound that there was a faster and more significant improvement in the platelet count between the intervention group compared to the control group in the 6 studies. Conclusion: Carica papaya leaf extract has potential as a thrombocytopenia therapy in dengue fever patients

Religious Leader’s Views Living Hadith Practices in Malaysia

Living Hadith is a cultural phenomenon practiced by a particular society and based on the hadith of the Prophet pbuh. It is a behavioral pattern resulted by the interaction of Muslims with the hadith. This study examines the extent to which the sunnah is practiced by the Muslim community in Malaysia, in addition to explaining the concept of “practicing the sunnah” in the perspective of Living Hadith as a research genre. In doing so, I interview five respondentsincluding muftis, academics, and religious figures who are active in the community. The findings show that the Muslim community barely knows the text of the hadith. They simply practice the content or what they believe to be the teaching of the prophetic hadith, encapsulating in their custom. Performing this, they have the rooted tendency to live in line with the religious and moral demands of Rasulullah pbuh. However, the community also needs to be ‘taught’ to see this practice as a sort of encouragement to perform good deeds. This practice nevertheless is not at the same obligatory level as the command to perform five daily prayers and Ramadan fasting. In other words, the Malaysian society sees the ‘living hadith’ as merely the practice of sunnah that is thus still related to the Prophet pbuh

The separation optimization of berberine in Anting-Anting Plants (Acalypha indica Linn) using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

Anting-Anting plants (Acalypha Indica Linn) is a plant widely found in Indonesia. This plant has potential as an antimalarial, antidiabetic, and antitoxic drug. Ethyl acetate extract of this plant contained isoquinoline alkaloid, berberine which confirmed by LC-MS spectra on m/z 321,2561. Then, thisstudy was conducted to determine the optimum conditions of separation and determination the berberine level existed on ethyl acetate extract of Anting-Anting using HPLC. The separation was optimized by varying flow rate of eluent (0.6 mL/min, 0.8 mL/min, 1.0 mL/min), mobile phase (methanol: TFA 0.1% (50:50 v/v) and acetonitrile: TFA 0.1% (60:40 v/v)). The separation was using HPLC with C18 (ODS) 4.6 x 250 mm, 5 μm column, isocratic method at various wavelengths (290 nm, 315 nm, and 345 nm). The optimum separation condition was obtained at flow rate 1 mL/min with mobile phase methanol: TFA 0.1% (50:50 v/v) and UV detector wavelength at 345 nm. The result showed that the berberine level of Anting-anting in ethyl acetate fraction was 11,82030 µg/mL

Mutations in LAMB1 Cause Cobblestone Brain Malformation without Muscular or Ocular Abnormalities

Cobblestone brain malformation (COB) is a neuronal migration disorder characterized by protrusions of neurons beyond the first cortical layer at the pial surface of the brain. It is usually seen in association with dystroglycanopathy types of congenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs) and ocular abnormalities termed muscle-eye-brain disease. Here we report homozygous deleterious mutations in LAMB1, encoding laminin subunit beta-1, in two families with autosomal-recessive COB. Affected individuals displayed a constellation of brain malformations including cortical gyral and white-matter signal abnormalities, severe cerebellar dysplasia, brainstem hypoplasia, and occipital encephalocele, but they had less apparent ocular or muscular abnormalities than are typically observed in COB. LAMB1 is localized to the pial basement membrane, suggesting that defective connection between radial glial cells and the pial surface mediated by LAMB1 leads to this malformation