Molecular Pathway of Phytochemicals in Preventing Sarcopenia

Sarcopenia, the age-related decline in muscle mass and function, poses a significant global health challenge. This systematic review synthesizes evidence from preclinical studies published between 2020 and 2025 to elucidate the molecular pathways through which phytochemicals prevent sarcopenia. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of databases identified 16 eligible studies. The analysis reveals that phytochemicals, including flavonoids, polyphenols, and botanical extracts, mitigate muscle atrophy by concurrently enhancing anabolic signaling via the IGF-1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis, suppressing proteolysis, improving mitochondrial biogenesis, and reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Notably, combinatorial formulations and multi-target extracts demonstrate superior efficacy. The review concludes that phytochemicals represent a promising multi-targeted strategy against sarcopenia; however, this promising potential necessitates future validation through standardized clinical trials to establish efficacy and safety in human populations

Isolation and Characterization of Flavonoid from Mimosa pudica

Indonesia has a rich biodiversity, including the putri malu plant (Mimosa pudica L.) which is known to have secondary metabolites with medicinal potential but has not been fully utilized. The purpose of this work is to isolate and analyze secondary metabolites from M. pudica. The aerial portions were dried and macerated in methanol before being partitioned using n-hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate solvents. The ethyl acetate extract was separated using liquid vacuum chromatography, then recrystallized and purity tested (KLT, melting point, and HPLC). The chemical structure was characterized using UV-Vis, FTIR, and NMR (1H and 13C) spectroscopy. One of the 17 fractions generated pure yellow crystals with a melting point of 242-244°C and single prominent peak on HPLC. The study revealed that the chemical was quercetin, a flavonoid with a variety of biological functions. This study demonstrates that M. pudica include active flavonoid compounds that can supportaid in the development of herbal medications based on natural ingredients. These findings lay the groundwork for additional research into its bioactivity and pharmacological potential, particularly as an antidiabetic drug and antioxidant

Optimizing Copper-Aluminum Photovoltaic Cells with Sodium Chloride Gel Electrolyte Under Neon Lamp Ilumination: A Comprehensive Review

Photovoltaic cells are devices capable of converting light energy into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect, where absorbed photons in semiconductor materials generate an electric current. Ideally, photovoltaic cells should offer high efficiency, long-term stability, and low production costs under various lighting conditions. In reality, most conventional photovoltaic technologies, such as crystalline silicon, still suffer from high production costs and performance degradation, especially under long-term exposure and high humidity. As an alternative, copper-aluminum (Cu-Al) based photovoltaic cells with sodium chloride (NaCl) gel electrolyte have been developed, providing reasonable energy conversion efficiency, low material costs, and simple fabrication. The NaCl gel enhances ionic conductivity and system stability, while calcination of Cu into CuO improves the semiconductor properties of the active layer. The urgency of this research lies in the need for renewable energy systems that are affordable, easy to produce, and durable, particularly for remote areas or off-grid applications. Therefore, this article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the optimization of Cu-Al photovoltaic cells with NaCl gel electrolyte under neon lamp illumination, highlighting technical challenges, performance enhancement mechanisms, and future development prospects. This article includes references from publications between 2019 and 2025

Anatomy of Cleome rutidosperma DC. (Cleomaceae) Ovary Development in Mataram City

Cleome rutidosperma is one of the species that belong to famili Cleomaceae and ordo Brassicales.  The purpose of this research is to observe the ovary development of C. rutidosperma and analyse the differences in each growth phase. C. rutidosperma is belong to Brassicales order. Ordo Brassicales is well known for having cleistogamy type of flowers. This research is going to prove C. rutidosperma belongs to cleistogamy or chasmogamy pollination type. However, the best solution is to research until a new study is obtained that discusses the development of C. rutidosperma ovaries and C. rutidosperma flower type. The results of this study can also open new insights and open further research. The results shows in first phase the ovaries were already in the early developmental stage such as protrusions. This development continues to complete and expand its structure. Some of these include the growth of the funiculus which continues to change until it reaches a phase where the funiculus already appears to fully support the ovule. In the last two phases, it can also be seen that structures such as the inner integument and integument begin to appear. The development has greatly increased from the previous phase

Pre-Study on the Development of Internet of Things-Based Prototype Data Logger for Measuring Heat Sufficiency Number

This study aimed to develop an IoT-based data logger prototype to improve data acquisition and monitoring during the sterilization process. Achieving an adequate heat sufficiency value, commonly known as the F0 value, was crucial for effective sterilization, and a thermocouple sensor was typically employed for temperature recording. The research involved designing, constructing, and testing the prototype with a focus on enhancing durability and functionality. Key improvements included adding waterproof sealants to prevent leakage, integrating connectors for enhanced connectivity, and coating the sensor's connector end to ensure long-term performance. Performance evaluation compared the improved IoT data logger with a conventional data logger in terms of heat penetration measurement. Results showed that the IoT prototype recorded heat penetration data with comparable accuracy to the conventional system, confirming its reliability for practical application. The bias for the difference was less than 10%. This innovation demonstrated the potential for improved monitoring in sterilization processes, contributing to enhanced process control and product safety

Application of Nipah Pseudovirus System for Development of Antibody Neutralization Assay

Nipah virus (NiV) is a type of virus that can make people and many animals very sick.  It can cause serious breathing problems and brains welling.  Because of how dangerous and deadly it is, the World Health Organization (WHO) sees NiV as a global healthrisk.  It needs to be handled in special labs that have the highest safety measures, called Biosafety Level-4 (BSL-4) facilities.  Rightnow, there isn't a good vaccine or treatment available for NiV.  It could be a health risk for Indonesia since it has been found in nearby countries. Indonesia doesn't have a BSL-4 lab yet. So, we need a way to evaluation NiV vaccine that can be done in a BSL-2 lab.  The NiV pseudovirus (PV NiV) has special proteins that help it attach to and enter mammal cells.  It is made using a system based on HIV and includes a signal detector.  This setup can help create tests to measure how well antibodies work against NiV.  It can also be used to monitor infections, check community immunity, develop NiV vaccines, and research new treatments to fight NiV infections

6-Gingerol Slightly Reduces Hepatic Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Markers in Rats with High-Fat, High-Fructose Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is linked to hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This study evaluated 6-gingerol’s potential to alleviate ER stress in a high-fat high-fructose (HFHF)-induced MetS rat model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (8 weeks, 180–220 g) were assigned to five groups: Normal, HFHF, and HFHF with 6-gingerol (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg). The Normal group received a standard diet, while others had HFHF for 16 weeks. From Week 8, intervention groups received 6-gingerol daily. Except for Normal, other groups also received Streptozotocin (22mg/kg, i.p.) at Week 8. At Week 16, rats were euthanized, and liver tissues collected to assess ER stress markers (GRP78, IRE1, TRAF2, PERK, CHOP) via qPCR and apoptotic markers (Bax, Bcl-2) via ELISA. 6-Gingerol slightly reduced liver ER stress markers, including GRP78 (P=0.392), CHOP (P=0.798), IRE1 (P=0.419), TRAF2 (P=0.470), and PERK (P=0.357), but these changes were not significant. Similarly, apoptotic markers Bax and Bcl-2 showed no significant differences, though the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio decreased (P=0.186). These results indicate that 6-gingerol had only a slight effect on ER stress and apoptosis within the parameters of this experiment

Molecular Insights into Acne Vulgaris: A Multi-Omics Approach Towards Precision Medicine

Acne vulgaris is a common dermatological disorder that significantly impacts quality of life, yet its complex pathogenesis remains incompletely understood, contributing to the variability in clinical presentation and treatment response. This review summarizes recent advances in omics-based research on acne vulgaris and explores how these findings support the development of targeted therapy. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed using the keywords “acne genomic,” “acne transcriptomic,” “acne proteomic,” and “acne metabolomic.” Original research articles published in English, available in full text, and published between 2015 and 2025 were included. After screening for relevance and removing duplicates, 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. Additional relevant articles were also referenced to complement the discussion. The selected studies show that large-scale molecular analysis provides a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying acne vulgaris. These findings enable the identification of novel biomarkers, better insight into pathological pathways, and the development of more targeted therapeutic strategies. Further studies are needed to validate these findings and translate them into improved strategies for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of acne vulgaris

The Impact of Biofloc on Fish Growth Indicators and Health Risks Assesment from Polyethylene Terephthalate Microplastic Contamination

This study aims to evaluate the effects of biofloc technology on the growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and to assess potential health risks associated with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastic contamination in aquaculture systems. Three treatments were applied: aquaculture without biofloc and microplastics, aquaculture with biofloc but without microplastics, and aquaculture with biofloc combined with PET microplastics. The novelty of this research lies in the integration of biofloc technology with a quantitative health risk assessment approach aspect that has received limited attention in previous studies. Furthermore, this study specifically utilizes PET microplastics, which differ in physicochemical properties and toxicological potential from the commonly studied polyethylene (PE) microplastics. The results revealed that the best performance was observed in the treatment with biofloc but without microplastics, showing an average body weight (ABW) of 5.478 g/fish, an average daily gain (ADG) of 2.343 g/fish/day, and a specific growth rate (SGR) of 4.208%. In terms of health risk, this treatment also demonstrated low to moderate risk levels, with a Polymer Load Index (PLI) of 2.53, a Potential Health Index (PHI) of 11, and a Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI) of 10. These findings indicate that biofloc technology is not only effective in enhancing fish growth performance but also contributes to mitigating the adverse impacts of microplastic contamination on fish health and food safety in aquaculture systems

Kaolinite Nanotubes as Support Catalysts of Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) for Transesterification Reaction of Waste Cooking Oil into Methyl Ester for Biodiesel

This study aims to improve the catalytic performance of kaolinite by converting it into kaolinite nanotubes and utilizing it as a support for sulfuric acid catalysts. Analysis using XRD and TEM revealed that the kaolinite crystal phase remained stable after being modified with sulfuric acid, while kaolinite nanotubes underwent little structural change. In addition, characterization via FTIR and XRF confirmed the presence of sulfate ions in kaolinite nanotubes and kaolinite after combination with sulfuric acid. Catalytic test on transesterification of used cooking oil under uniform conditions (catalyst 3% w/v, oil to methanol ratio 1:6, temperature 90 °C, and stirring speed 700 rpm) showed that sulfuric acid supported by kaolinite nanotubes gave the best performance, producing methyl ester of 65.01%. These findings indicate that converting kaolinite into nanotubes significantly improves its performance as a catalyst support. Practically, this increase in catalytic activity contributes to the efficiency of used cooking oil-based biodiesel production, which can reduce dependence on virgin vegetable oil raw materials and support waste oil recycling efforts. In addition, the use of cheap and easily available kaolinite-based catalysts can reduce the cost of biodiesel production, making it more competitive as an environmentally friendly fuel