Obtaining brandy from the alcoholic fermented cashew tree, Goiano, Brazil: Obtenção de aguardante a partir de fermentado alcoólico de caju-de-árvore-do-cerrado Goiano, Brasil

The process of obtaining the brandy consists of adding yeast to the must to transform the sugar into alcohol, the same microorganism as the fermentation agent.  This work aimed to produce brandy from fermented cashew juice and perform physical-chemical analyses. The following analyses of alcohol at 20 °C,  pH, total acidity, fixed and volatile were performed, as well as the color parameters in the CIEL system, (L*) luminosity (black/white); (a*) coloring in the red/green region and; (b*) coloring in the yellow/blue range; (c*) Chromaticity is the ratio of a*/b*; (h*) saturation and color angle and; (G*) brightness of the measured color.  According to the literature, the results obtained were for alcohol 38.2ºGL and pH 4.53, with an alcoholic degree of 38 to 54% in volume at 20 °C, and its optimum pH for brandy, which is between pH 4.0 and 5.0 at higher levels. The total (38.99) and fixed (3.19) acidity found in this study corroborate the literature regarding volatile acidity, 97.37 mg/100ml of anhydrous alcohol expressed as acetic acid. The L* value (52.59) in the brandy sample presented lighter colors because it was closer to white, as well as the low values of a*(-1.18) and b*(2.47) values evaluated. Chromaticity presented 2.14; chroma defines color intensity, assuming values close to zero for neutral colors (gray) and around 60 for vivid colors. The values obtained for H* were high, whose value obtained 115.51, which characterizes the color of yellow, where hue-angle indicates the saturation of the object's color, is the angle formed between a* and b*. Therefore, they follow the literature and Brazilian legislation based on the results obtained

Biological efficiency of Charolais beef cows of different body sizes

This study aimed to evaluate the production, reproductive performance, and productive efficiency of predominantly Charolais cows and their calves (Straightbred, ¾ C, ¼ N) according to body size at calving. Sixty-three cow-calf pairs were used and classified into three weight groups: Light (331.3±5.8 kg), Moderate (385.9±5.3 kg), and Heavy (424.4±6.2 kg). The classes were formed using half standard deviations above or below the average weight of the cows at calving. For each pair, the body weight was evaluated at calving, at weaning (63 days), at the beginning and at end of the reproductive period, and at 9 months for the calves. Pregnancy rates were similar (P > 0.05) between weight groups. The calves did not differ (P > 0.05) in terms of body weight and weight gain from calving until pregnancy diagnosis (210 days). The heavy cows had greater weight variations from 210 days to 270 days than the light cows. The calf production rate (kg calf/cow kept in herds) did not differ between weight groups. However, in relation to the weight of the cows at 210 days, light cows were 11.28% and 13.02% more productive (P < 0.05), than moderate and heavy cows, respectively. Light cows were more efficient than the other classes of cows at calving and at 210 days old. Our simulations showed that there were more kilograms for sale in herds of light cows (53.085 kg) than moderate and heavy cows (52.310 and 52.870 kg, respectively), while maintaining the structures of the herd constant. The size of the Charolais cow did not influence the weight of calves from calving until 7 months of age or their reproductive performance provided they were weaned early. The need for space for the maintenance of the cow-calf pair increased as the weight of the cows increased. In herds with smaller cows, higher numbers and a higher production of weight for sale are observed than in herds with moderate and heavy cows. Light cows were the most efficient at calving and during pregnancy diagnosis at 210 days

Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for soybean biomass and nutrient uptake estimation in response to production systems and fertilization strategies

The system fertilization approach emerged to improve nutrient use eciency in croplands. This new fertilization concept aims at taking advantage of nutrient cycling within an agroecosystem to obtain maximum production from each nutrient unit. To monitor this e ect, methodologies such as the Normalized Di erence Vegetation Index (NDVI) are promising to evaluate plant biomass and nutrient content. We evaluated the use of NDVI as a predictor of shoot biomass, P and K uptake, and yield in soybean. Treatments consisted of two production systems [integrated crop-livestock system (ICLS) and cropping system (CS)] and two periods of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilization (crop fertilization—P and K applied at soybean sowing—and system fertilization—P and K applied in the pasture establishment). NDVI was evaluated weekly from the growth stage V2 up to growth stage R8, using the Greenseeker® canopy sensor. At the growth stages V4, V6, R2, and R4, plants were sampled after NDVI evaluation for chemical analysis. Soybean yield and K uptake were similar between production systems and fertilization strategies (P > 0.05). Soybean shoot biomass and P uptake were, respectively, 25.3% and 29.7% higher in ICLS compared to CS (P < 0.05). For NDVI, an interaction between the production system and days after sowing (P < 0.05) was observed. NDVI increased to 0.95 at 96 days after sowing in CS and to 0.92 at 92 days after sowing in ICLS. A significant relationship between NDVI and shoot biomass, and P and K uptake was observed (P < 0.05). Our results show that the vegetation index NDVI can be used for estimating shoot biomass and P and K uptake in the early growth stages of soybean crops, providing farmers with a new tool for evaluating the spatial variability of soybean growth and nutrition

Uso de fibrina rica em plaquetas no tratamento de comunicação bucossinusal: uma revisão de literatura

A comunicação bucossinusal possui várias etiologias, sendo as mais frequentes os acidentes durante a extração de dentes posteriores da maxila. Essa situação se deve às características anatômicas do seio maxilar e à proximidade dos ápices radiculares dos molares e pré-molares superiores, que durante o procedimento cirúrgico podem causar acesso direto entre o seio maxilar e a cavidade oral. A fibrina rica em plaquetas (PRF), um concentrado de fatores de crescimento obtido a partir da centrifugação do próprio sangue do paciente, tem a propriedade de acelerar o processo de cicatrização e promover eficiente neoformação óssea, assim, torna-se um material com excelente potencial de reparar perfurações na membrana que reveste o seio e funcionando como um material de preenchimento para o defeito do tecido. 

Effect of Uncaria tomentosa

Background/Aim. The use of herbal products as a supplement to minimize the effects of chemotherapy for cancer treatment requires further attention with respect to the activity and toxicity of chemotherapy. Uncaria tomentosa extract, which contains oxindole alkaloids, is one of these herbal products. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether Uncaria tomentosa extract modulates apoptosis induced by chemotherapy exposure. Materials and Methods. Colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (HT29 cells) were grown in the presence of oxaliplatin and/or Uncaria tomentosa extract. Results. The hydroalcoholic extract of Uncaria tomentosa enhanced chemotherapy-induced apoptosis, with an increase in the percentage of Annexin positive cells, an increase in caspase activities, and an increase of DNA fragments in culture of the neoplastic cells. Moreover, antioxidant activity may be related to apoptosis. Conclusion. Uncaria tomentosa extract has a role for cancer patients as a complementary therapy. Further studies evaluating these beneficial effects with other chemotherapy drugs are recommended

Analise da utilização do mapa de risco: estudo em obras da construção civil de edifícios na cidade de Caruaru – PE / Analysis of the use of the risk map: study in civil building buildings in the city of Caruaru – PE

Como consequência negativa do crescimento da verticalização urbana, está o aumento dos números de acidentes de trabalho e doenças ocupacionais que cresceram na mesma proporção, gerando prejuízos físicos, psicológicos e econômicos. Desta manneira, é primordial para a minimização deste problema que políticas prevencionista e ferramentas que auxilie no reconhecimento dos riscos, sejam utilizadas e difundidas nos empreendimentos da construção civil. Desta maneira, o mapa de risco se insere como uma das ferramentas que mais está difundida entre as empresas e que tem bastante importância na prevenção de acidentes. Neste cenário, encontra-se a cidade de caruaru, a mesma está em constante desenvolvimento vertical com empreendimento espalhados por todo o município. Portanto, o presente trabalho faz um diagnóstico da utilização do mapa de risco na construção dos empreendimentos verticais da cidade, utilizando um questionário como ferramenta de obtenção de informação e complementa analisando as falhas existentes na aplicação da ferramenta com o auxílio do mecanismo análise de arvore de falhas (aaf). Como resultado, a pesquisa demostrou que o mapa de risco está bem difundido entre as empresas. E a aaf, demostrou algumas falhas na utilização da ferramenta que podem atrapalhar na compreensão dos riscos e na prevenção dos acidentes

Florística e fitossociologia em áreas de campo sujo e cerrado <i>sensu stricto</i> na estação ecológica de Pirapitinga – MG

The objectives of this study were to characterize the floristic and to calculate the phytosociological parameters of species present in the areas of ‘campo sujo’ and ‘cerrado’ sensu stricto in the Ecological Station of Pirapitinga, Minas Gerais state (ESEC). For the floristic and phytosociologic survey, a total of 190 plots of 100 m2 each were allocated, where all the individuals with circumference at soil level (CSL) ≥ 16 cm in areas of ‘campo sujo’ and ‘cerrado’ sensu stricto were sampled. The parameters of frequency, density, dominance, and importance values and Shannon and Pielou indexes were calculated. The floristic similarity between areas was determinated by Sorensen index. In the study areas, a total of 3,224 individuals distributed in 81 species, 70 genera and 40 families were sampled. The richest families were Vochysiaceae and Fabaceae. The cerrado sensu stricto was the vegetal formation with the highest richness of species (81) and highest density (2.257 ind ha-1). Both areas have studied with high diversity and ecological dominance and have low diameter distribution in the form of inverted-J, indicating the predominance of young individuals

RELATANDO E REFLETINDO SOBRE AS EXPERIÊNCIAS DO PIBID BIOLOGIA (IF GOIANO - CÂMPUS URUTAÍ) NO PERÍODO DE 2011 A 2013

O objetivo desse trabalho é relatar as experiências do PIBID Biologia (IF Goiano – Câmpus Urutaí), com destaque para as ações realizadas no Subprojeto de Ciências Biológicas; a visão dos supervisores bolsistas acerca da atuação e contribuição do programa na escola conveniada e na formação docente dos licenciandos; bem como a visão dos alunos bolsistas acerca da importância do subprojeto. Para a realização desse trabalho foi utilizada uma metodologia descritiva analítica, por meio da qual as atividades desenvolvidas foram relatadas de forma crítica e reflexiva. O Subprojeto de Ciências Biológicas (PIBID/IF Goiano – Câmpus Urutaí) atualmente conta com 15 alunos bolsistas e 3 professores supervisores do Colégio Estadual Professor Ivan Ferreira (CEPIF), Pires do Rio, GO. De modo geral, pode-se dizer que as atividades desenvolvidas têm atingindo positivamente não apenas os alunos bolsistas, mas também a melhoria de aspectos diversos ligados ao ensino de Biologia na escola conveniada. O PIBID-Biologia tem possibilitado aos seus bolsistas uma aproximação de sua futura atuação profissional

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio