The Impact of Expert Systems on AIS - Characteristics and Productivity Work Life Cycle: A Study Targeting Jordan Large Market Organizations

The computer science new emerged technology on AIS researches should explore the application of AIS on the commercial development in terms of availability and characteristics, in addition to productivity and life cycle. The AIS researches are concerning not only into computer science and accounting, but also in organizations and organizational effects. A general citation of expert systems on AIS will be stated and studied in this paper, which aims to investigate the impact of theuse of artificial intelligence and expert systems techniques strategies on accounting information systems. Itconcentrates on concerns that are of most interest for accounting information systems, this investigation looks at the use of Artificial Intelligence and expert systems to be a solution to those concerns, and to be efficient factors in improving general characteristics of accounting information systems in an organization simply by improving productivity and work quality and make a reasonable change in the process life cycle. This thesis targets the large scale market organization in Jordan, where those organizations also has many constrains and limitations. Keywords – AIS; Expert Systems; Work Life Cycle; Productivit

Online management systems for primary school students.

The aim of this study is to develop a student's management system for primary schools, to provide Web-based Intelligence system for the primary school, and to offer convenience to the school's management in organizing the student's information and details. The system should be reliable to key in the student's information and must be fast and save time using semiautomated system instead of using manual form. In the case of unexpected consequences, the system should have a backup to keep all the files properly and to make the management easily monitor the students of the school. The objective of this project is to develop a system that can monitor each student of a specific primary school so that the school can know which student needs help in their studies or other aspects for improvement and which student are doing well. The system aims to provide the systematic ways of recording the information in order to decrease the problem of loose monitoring of student's information

Assessment of Learning Achievement of Visually Impaired Children at Primary Level

The paper dispenses and disseminates assessment of the learning achievement of visually impaired children at primary level in Punjab. This explorative study was devised primarily to assess the academic achievement of the visually impaired and to analyze items developed for visually impaired children in Punjab. Keeping in view the aforementioned objectives and issues, the empirical work was administered in two urban districts of Punjab’s populated congested city Lahore and Okara.  For the sake of research work, samples were assembled from the different groups of male and female visually impaired children in Punjab. In this research work, (N = 100) boys and girls participated as sample of the study. The research questionnaire was constructed on the basis of the conceived strategies and assessment methods. An achievement test in Braille and sighted system was developed in the subject of Social Studies. The test contained 38 questions which were in the form of MCQs and open ended. For item analysis, ITEMAN software was employed and for other data analysis SPSS was used. The results and findings retrieved from the study were analyzed and revealed through descriptive statistics. The most of the items had a moderate difficulty level. Overall all the achievement of male and female students was satisfactory; however, no char difference was found across the gender. Most of the test items were reliable and valid. The study may be beneficial for psychometricians, teachers, parents of visually impaired children and other stakeholders specially in the sub-sector of special education

Classification and types of risk for properties belonging to low-income and poor individuals in Malaysia

In Islam, the presence of risk is not only acknowledged but steps need to be taken to manage it properly through the process of risk management. One of the processes is the identification of risk which involves classification and types of risk. Specifically, in the development of properties, the presence of risks is inevitable. Improper management of risk especially for properties belonging to the low-income and poor individuals could mean that they will suffer from a bigger loss and poverty. Existing literature has shown and identified the inherent risks in the development of properties in Malaysia. However, risks exposed to in the development of properties belonging to the low-income and poor individuals in Malaysia are not properly identified. Consequently, a study is conducted to identify risks exposed to in the development of properties belonging to low-income and poor individuals in Malaysia. This study combines literature review and interview with experts and practitioners from various fields such as mua’malat, risk management, construction, developers, Majlis Agama Islam Negeri-Negeri (MAINs) and contractors. Findings from this study suggested that i) 94 risks were identified related to the development of properties belonging to low-income and poor individuals in Malaysia, and ii) Shariah elements i.e mua’malat and its requirements are included as one of the risks in the development of properties belonging to low-income and poor individuals in Malaysia. The findings become the basis and considered significant in assisting authorities and related organizations to understand and address risks accordingly and may assist the future development of a comprehensive Shariah compliance risk management for the development of properties in Malaysia

Phosphorus Fertilizer Response to Onion (Allium cepa L.) Yield in Punjab, Pakistan

Background: Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the most essential plants in food with high nutritional value. However, application of right dose of phosphorous (P) is one of the constraints to the profitable onion yields in soils deficient in P.Methods: A systematic study to confirm the best dose of P was conducted for six years in the P deficient soil in farmers’ fields. Based on the findings obtained from 2008-09 to 2010-11, the research was undertaken to determine the effect of different phosphorus levels on the yield of onion in the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with a total of 114 replicates  in 2011-12 to 2012-13. Four treatments (160, 210, 260 and 310 kg P2O5 ha-1) were tested with N and K at 100 kg ha-1.Results: From the results of this investigation, the variance analysis showed the substantial P impact. The maximum marketable bulb yield (19.03 t ha-1) was obtained from the fertilizer combination NPK @ 100-310-100 kg ha-1 and was shown to be statistically higher than all other treatments.Conclusion: Nonetheless, the nutshell of the overall economic study is that poor farmers (Land holders >12 acres) may have options to select the NPK fertilizer combination @ 100:210:100 kg ha-1 and the average farmer may have options to select the NPK fertilizer combination @ 100:260:100 kg ha-1. But rich farmers (Land holders >25 acres) who can spend more money on fertilizers and are interested in the higher gross margin should follow the combination of NPK fertilizers @ 100:310:100 kg ha-1 to profitably increase their gross margin and maintain soil fertility for onion cultivation in Punjab, Pakistan.   Keywords: Onion; NPK; Plant nutrition; Phosphorus; Pungency

Maximising system throughput in wireless powered sub-6 GHz and millimetre-wave 5G heterogeneous networks

Millimetre wave (mm-Wave) bands and sub-6 GHz are key technologies in solving the spectrum critical situation in the fifth generation (5G) wireless networks in achieving high throughput with low transmission power. This paper studies the performance of dense small cells that involve a millimetre wave (mm-Wave) band and sub-6 GHz that operate in high frequency to support massive multiple-input-multiple-output systems (MIMO). In this paper, we analyse the propagation path loss and wireless powered transfer for a 5G wireless cellular system from both macro cells and femtocells in the sub-6 GHz (µWave) and mm-Wave tiers. This paper also analyses the tier heterogeneous in downlink for both mm-Wave and sub-6 GHz. It further proposes a novel distributed power to mitigate the inter-beam interference directors and achieve high throughput under game theory-based power constraints across the sub-6 GHz and mm-Wave interfaces. From the simulation results, the proposed distributed powers in femtocell suppresses inter-beam interference by minimising path loss to active users (UEs) and provides substantial power saving by controlling the distributed power algorithm to achieve high throughput

Strategies to improve coverage of typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) immunization campaign in Karachi, Pakistan

The emergence and spread of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) typhoid in Karachi, Pakistan led to an outbreak response in Lyari Town, Karachi utilizing a mass immunization campaign with typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV), Typbar TCV®. The mass immunization campaign, targeted Lyari Town, Karachi, one of the worst affected towns during the XDR typhoid outbreak. Here we describe the strategies used to improve acceptance and coverage of Typbar TCV in Lyari Town, Karachi. The mass immunization campaign with Typbar TCV was started as a school- and hospital-based vaccination campaign targeting children between the age of 6 months to 15 years old. A dose of 0.5 mL Typbar TCV was administered intramuscularly. A mobile vaccination campaign was added to cope with high absenteeism and non-response from parents in schools and to cover children out of school. Different strategies were found to be effective in increasing the vaccination coverage and in tackling vaccine hesitancy. Community engagement was the most successful strategy to overcome refusals and helped to gain trust in the newly introduced vaccine. Community announcements and playing typhoid jingles helped to increase awareness regarding the ongoing typhoid outbreak. Mop-up activity in schools was helpful in increasing coverage. Networking with locally active groups, clubs and community workers were found to be the key factors in decreasing refusals

Readmissions after general surgery: a prospective multicenter audit

Background: Readmission rates after surgical procedures are viewed as a marker of quality of care and as a driver to improve outcomes in the United Kingdom, they are not remunerated. However, readmissions are not wholly avoidable. The aim of this study was to develop a regional overview of readmissions to determine the proportion that might be avoidable and to examine predictors of readmissions at a unit level. Methods: We undertook a prospective multicenter audit of readmissions following National Health Service funded general surgical procedures in five National Health Service hospitals and three independent sector providers over a 2-wk period. Basic demographic and procedure data were captured. Readmissions to hospitals were identified through acute admissions lists. Reason for readmission was identified, and the readmission data assessed by a senior surgical doctor as to whether it was avoidable. Results: We identified 752 operations in the study period with all followed up to 30 d. The overall rate of readmissions was 4.7%, with 40% of these judged as being potentially avoidable. Pain and wound problems accounted for the vast majority of avoidable readmissions. The number of unavoidable readmissions was correlated with the workload of each center (r ¼ 0.63, P ¼ 0.06) and as with the higher (British United Provident Association) complexity of surgery (r ¼ 0.90, P ¼ 0.01). Patient and demographic factors were not associated with readmissions. Conclusions: This prospective audit describes readmission rates after general surgery. Volume and complexity of work are associated with readmission rates. A large proportion of readmissions could be reduced by attention to analgesia and outpatient arrangements for wound management

Comparative analysis of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and derived neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio with respect to outcomes of in-hospital coronavirus disease 2019 patients: A retrospective study

Introduction and objectivesIn patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), several abnormal hematological biomarkers have been reported. The current study aimed to find out the association of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and derived NLR (dNLR) with COVID-19. The objective was to compare the accuracy of both of these markers in predicting the severity of the disease.Materials and methodsThe study was conducted in a single-center having patients with COVID-19 with a considerable hospital stay. NLR is easily calculated by dividing the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) with the absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) {ANC/ALC}, while dNLR is calculated by ANC divided by total leukocyte count minus ANC {ANC/(WBC-ANC)}. Medians and interquartile ranges (IQR) were represented by box plots. Multivariable logistic regression was performed obtaining an odds ratio (OR), 95% CI, and further adjusted to discover the independent predictors and risk factors associated with elevated NLR and dNLR.ResultsA total of 1,000 patients with COVID-19 were included. The baseline NLR and dNLR were 5.00 (2.91–10.46) and 4.00 (2.33–6.14), respectively. A cut-off value of 4.23 for NLR and 2.63 for dNLR were set by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Significant associations of NLR were obtained by binary logistic regression for dependent outcome variables as ICU stay (p < 0.001), death (p < 0.001), and invasive ventilation (p < 0.001) while that of dNLR with ICU stay (p = 0.002), death (p < 0.001), and invasive ventilation (p = 0.002) on multivariate analysis when adjusted for age, gender, and a wave of pandemics. Moreover, the indices were found correlating with other inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, and procalcitonin (PCT).ConclusionBoth markers are equally reliable and sensitive for predicting in-hospital outcomes of patients with COVID-19. Early detection and predictive analysis of these markers can allow physicians to risk assessment and prompt management of these patients

Membrane protein extraction and purification using partially-esterified SMA polymers

Styrene maleic acid (SMA) polymers have proven to be very successful for the extraction of membrane proteins, forming SMA lipid particles (SMALPs), which maintain a lipid bilayer around the membrane protein. SMALP-encapsulated membrane proteins can be used for functional and structural studies. The SMALP approach allows retention of important protein-annular lipid interactions, exerts lateral pressure, and offers greater stability than traditional detergent solubilisation. However, SMA polymer does have some limitations, including a sensitivity to divalent cations and low pH, an absorbance spectrum that overlaps with many proteins, and possible restrictions on protein conformational change. Various modified polymers have been developed to try to overcome these challenges, but no clear solution has been found. A series of partially-esterified variants of SMA (SMA 2625, SMA 1440 and SMA 17352) has previously been shown to be highly effective for solubilisation of plant and cyanobacterial thylakoid membranes. It was hypothesised that the partial esterification of maleic acid groups would increase tolerance to divalent cations. Therefore, these partially-esterified polymers were tested for the solubilisation of lipids and membrane proteins, and their tolerance to magnesium ions. It was found that all partially esterified polymers were capable of solubilising and purifying a range of membrane proteins, but the yield of protein was lower with SMA 1440, and the degree of purity was lower for both SMA1440 and SMA17352. SMA2625 performed comparably to SMA 2000. SMA 1440 also showed an increased sensitivity to divalent cations. Thus, it appears the interactions between SMA and divalent cations are more complex than proposed and require further investigation