2,454 research outputs found
Correlations in Hot Asymmetric Nuclear Matter
The single-particle spectral functions in asymmetric nuclear matter are
computed using the ladder approximation within the theory of finite temperature
Green's functions. The internal energy and the momentum distributions of
protons and neutrons are studied as a function of the density and the asymmetry
of the system. The proton states are more strongly depleted when the asymmetry
increases while the occupation of the neutron states is enhanced as compared to
the symmetric case. The self-consistent Green's function approach leads to
slightly smaller energies as compared to the Brueckner Hartree Fock approach.
This effect increases with density and thereby modifies the saturation density
and leads to smaller symmetry energies.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure
Field-theoretical approach to a dense polymer with an ideal binary mixture of clustering centers
We propose a field-theoretical approach to a polymer system immersed in an
ideal mixture of clustering centers. The system contains several species of
these clustering centers with different functionality, each of which connects a
fixed number segments of the chain to each other. The field-theory is solved
using the saddle point approximation and evaluated for dense polymer melts
using the Random Phase Approximation. We find a short-ranged effective
inter-segment interaction with strength dependent on the average segment
density and discuss the structure factor within this approximation. We also
determine the fractions of linkers of the different functionalities.Comment: 27 pages, 9 figures, accepted on Phys. Rev.
Path Integral Variational Methods for Strongly Correlated Systems
We introduce a new approach to highly correlated systems which generalizes
the Fermi Hypernetted Chain and Correlated Basis Function techniques. While the
latter approaches can only be applied to systems for which a nonrelativistic
wave function can be defined, the new approach is based on the variation of a
trial hamiltonian within a path integral framework and thus can also be applied
to relativistic and field theoretical problems. We derive a diagrammatic scheme
for the new approach and show how a particular choice of the trial hamiltonian
corresponds exactly to the use of a Jastrow correlated ansatz for the wave
function in the Fermi Hypernetted Chain approach. We show how our new approach
can be used to find upper bounds to ground state energies in systems which the
FHNC cannot handle, including those described by an energy-dependent effective
hamiltonian. We demonstrate our approach by applying it to a quantum field
theoretical system of interacting pions and nucleons.Comment: 35 RevTeX pages, 7 separated ps figures available on reques
Two pion mediated scalar isoscalar NN interaction in the nuclear medium
We study the modification of the nucleon nucleon interaction in a nuclear
medium in the scalar isoscalar channel, mediated by the exchange of two
correlated ( channel) or uncorrelated pions. For this purpose we use a
standard approach for the renormalization of pions in nuclei. The corrections
obtained for the interaction in the medium in this channel are of the
order of 20% of the free one in average, and the consideration of short range
correlations plays an important role in providing these moderate changes. Yet,
the corrections are sizable enough to suggest further studies of the stability
and properties of nuclear matter.Comment: 27 page
DEMUX devices based on a-SiC:H
In this paper we present results about the functioning of a multilayered a-SiC:H heterostructure as a device for wavelength-division demultiplexing of optical signals.
The device is composed of two stacked p-i-n photodiodes, both optimized for the selective collection of photogenerated carriers. Band gap engineering was used to adjust the photogeneration and recombination rates profiles of the intrinsic absorber regions of each photodiode to short and long wavelength absorption and carrier collection in the visible spectrum.
The photocurrent signal using different input optical channels was analyzed at reverse and forward bias and under steady state illumination. This photocurrent is used as an input for a demux algorithm based on the voltage controlled sensitivity of the device.
The device functioning is explained with results obtained by numerical simulation of the device, which permit an insight to the internal electric configuration of the double heterojunction.These results address the explanation of the device functioning in the frequency domain to a wavelength tunable photocapacitance due to the accumulation of space charge localized at the internal junction. The existence of a direct relation between the experimentally observed capacitive effects of the double diode and the quality of the semiconductor materials used to form the internal junction is highlighted
Number--conserving model for boson pairing
An independent pair ansatz is developed for the many body wavefunction of
dilute Bose systems. The pair correlation is optimized by minimizing the
expectation value of the full hamiltonian (rather than the truncated Bogoliubov
one) providing a rigorous energy upper bound. In contrast with the Jastrow
model, hypernetted chain theory provides closed-form exactly solvable equations
for the optimized pair correlation. The model involves both condensate and
coherent pairing with number conservation and kinetic energy sum rules
satisfied exactly and the compressibility sum rule obeyed at low density. We
compute, for bulk boson matter at a given density and zero temperature, (i) the
two--body distribution function, (ii) the energy per particle, (iii) the sound
velocity, (iv) the chemical potential, (v) the momentum distribution and its
condensate fraction and (vi) the pairing function, which quantifies the ODLRO
resulting from the structural properties of the two--particle density matrix.
The connections with the low--density expansion and Bogoliubov theory are
analyzed at different density values, including the density and scattering
length regime of interest of trapped-atoms Bose--Einstein condensates.
Comparison with the available Diffusion Monte Carlo results is also made.Comment: 21 pages, 12 figure
Minimum alveolar concentrations and hemodynamic effects of two different preparations of sevoflurane in pigs
BACKGROUND: Original sevoflurane (Sevo A) is made with water, while a generic sevoflurane (Sevocris) is produced with propylene glycol as a stabilizing additive. We investigated whether the original and generic sevoflurane preparations differed in terms of their minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) values and hemodynamic effects. METHODS: Sixteen pigs weighing 31.6±1.8 kg were randomly assigned to the Sevo A or Sevocris groups. After anesthesia induction via mask with the appropriate sevoflurane preparation (6% in 100% oxygen), the MAC was determined for each animal. Hemodynamic and oxygenation parameters were measured at 0.5 MAC, 1 MAC and 1.5 MAC. Histopathological analyses of lung parenchyma were performed. RESULTS: The MAC in the Sevo A group was 4.4±0.5%, and the MAC in the Sevocris group was 4.1±0.7%. Hemodynamic and metabolic parameters presented significant differences in a dose-dependent pattern as expected, but they did not differ between groups. Cardiac indices and arterial pressures decreased in both groups when the sevoflurane concentration increased from 0.5 to 1 and 1.5 MAC. The oxygen delivery index (DO2I) decreased significantly at 1.5 MAC. CONCLUSION: Propylene glycol as an additive for sevoflurane seems to be as safe as a water additive, at least in terms of hemodynamic and pulmonary effects
Momentum distribution of liquid helium
We have obtained the one--body density matrix and the momentum distribution
of liquid He at K from Diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC)
simulations, using trial functions optimized via the Euler Monte Carlo (EMC)
method. We find a condensate fraction smaller than in previous calculations.
Though we do not explicitly include long--range correlations in our
calculations, we get a momentum distribution at long wavelength which is
compatible with the presence of long--range correlations in the exact wave
function. We have also studied He, using fixed--node DMC, with nodes and
trial functions provided by the EMC. In particular, we analyze the momentum
distribution with respect to the discontinuity as well as the
singular behavior, at the Fermi surface. We also show that an approximate
factorization of the one-body density matrix
holds, with and respectively the density matrix of the
ideal Fermi gas and the density matrix of a Bose He.Comment: 10 pages, REVTeX, 12 figure
A Systematic Review and Aggregated Analysis on the Impact of Amyloid PET Brain Imaging on the Diagnosis, Diagnostic Confidence, and Management of Patients being Evaluated for Alzheimer's Disease.
BACKGROUND: Amyloid PET (aPET) imaging could improve patient outcomes in clinical practice, but the extent of impact needs quantification. OBJECTIVE: To provide an aggregated quantitative analysis of the value added by aPET in cognitively impaired subjects. METHODS: Systematic literature searches were performed in Embase and Medline until January 2017. 1,531 cases over 12 studies were included (1,142 cases over seven studies in the primary analysis where aPET was the key biomarker; the remaining cases included as defined groups in the secondary analysis). Data was abstracted by consensus among two observers and assessed for bias. Clinical utility was measured by diagnostic change, diagnostic confidence, and patient management before and after aPET. Three groups were further analyzed: control patients for whom feedback of aPET scan results was delayed; aPET Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC+) cases; and patients undergoing additional FDG/CSF testing. RESULTS: For 1,142 cases with only aPET, 31.3% of diagnoses were revised, whereas 3.2% of diagnoses changed in the delayed aPET control group (p < 0.0001). Increased diagnostic confidence following aPET was found for 62.1% of 870 patients. Management changes with aPET were found in 72.2% of 740 cases and in 55.5% of 299 cases in the control group (p < 0.0001). The diagnostic value of aPET in AUC+ patients or when FDG/CSF were additionally available did not substantially differ from the value of aPET alone in the wider population. CONCLUSIONS: Amyloid PET contributed to diagnostic revision in almost a third of cases and demonstrated value in increasing diagnostic confidence and refining management plans
"Outfow occlusion" para parada circulatória em cães
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility of producing circulatory arrest by occlusion of the pulmonary trunk as an alternative to the venous inflow occlusion through the left hemithorax. Eight healthy mongrel dogs were divided in two groups. Group I underwent 4 minutes of outflow occlusion and Group II was submitted to 8 minutes of circulatory arrest. Outflow occlusion was performed through left thoracotomy and pericardiotomy by passing a Rumel tourniquet around the pulmonary trunk. Physical examination, electrocardiography, echocardiography, blood gas analyses, hemodynamic, and oxygen transport variables were obtained before and after the procedure. The dogs from Group I did not have any clinical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, or hemo-dynamic abnormalities after anesthetic recover. In the Group II, only one dog survived, which had no clinical, electrocardiographic, or echocardiographic abnormalities. In this last dog, just after releasing the occlusion, it was detected increases in the following parameters: heart rate (HR), systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure (SAP; DAP; MAP), pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), pulmonary wedge pressure (PWP), central venous pressure (CVP), cardiac output (CO), systolic index (SI), cardiac index (CI), left and right ventricular stroke work (LVSW; RVSW), oxygen delivery index (DO2), oxygen consumption index (VO2), and oxygen extraction (O2 ext). Moreover, the oxygen content of arterial and mixed venous blood (CaO2; CvO2), and the arterial and mixed venous partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2; PvO2) were decreased 5 minutes after circulatory arrest. Outflow occlusion is a feasible surgical procedure for period of 4 minutes of circulatory arrest.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a possibilidade de se produzir uma parada circulatória pela oclusão do tronco pulmonar, como alternativa ao "inflow occlusion", pelo hemitórax esquerdo. Oito cães sem raça definida foram divididos em dois grupos. O Grupo I foi submetido a quatro minutos de parada circulatória e o Grupo II, a 8 minutos de parada. Realizou-se o "outflow occlusion" por meio de toracotomia intercostal esquerda e pericardiotomia, passando-se um torniquete de Rumel ao redor do tronco pulmonar. Foram realizados exame físico, eletrocardiografia, ecocardiografia, hemogasometria, avaliação hemodinâmica e cálculo de variáveis de transporte de oxigênio, antes e após o procedimento. Os cães do Grupo I não sofreram alterações clínicas, eletrocardiográficas, ecocardiográficas e hemodinâmicas após a recuperação anestésica. No Grupo II, apenas um animal sobreviveu, sem apresentar alterações clínicas, eletrocardiográficas e ecocardiográficas. Neste cão, após a liberação do torniquete, houve aumento nas seguintes variáveis: freqüência cardíaca, pressões arteriais sistólica, média e diastólica, pressão arterial pulmonar, pressão da artéria pulmonar ocluída, pressão venosa central, débito cardíaco, índice sistólico, índice cardíaco, trabalho ventricular esquerdo e direito, índice de transporte de oxigênio, índice de consumo de oxigênio e taxa de extração de oxigênio. O conteúdo de oxigênio arterial e venoso misto e a pressão parcial de oxigênio arterial e venosa mista diminuíram, cinco minutos após a parada circulatória. Concluiu-se que o "outflow occlusion" é um procedimento viável para a realização de parada circulatória por um período de quatro minutos.Fundação para o Amparo da Pesquisa no Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP
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