Malondialdehyde Suppresses Cerebral Function by Breaking Homeostasis between Excitation and Inhibition in Turtle Trachemys scripta

The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) are high in the brain during carbonyl stress, such as following daily activities and sleep deprivation. To examine our hypothesis that MDA is one of the major substances in the brain leading to fatigue, the influences of MDA on brain functions and neuronal encodings in red-eared turtle (Trachemys scripta) were studied. The intrathecal injections of MDA brought about sleep-like EEG and fatigue-like behaviors in a dose-dependent manner. These changes were found associated with the deterioration of encoding action potentials in cortical neurons. In addition, MDA increased the ratio of γ-aminobutyric acid to glutamate in turtle's brain, as well as the sensitivity of GABAergic neurons to inputs compared to excitatory neurons. Therefore, MDA, as a metabolic product in the brain, may weaken cerebral function during carbonyl stress through breaking the homeostasis between excitatory and inhibitory neurons

Analysis and Modeling of Mueller–Muller Clock and Data Recovery Circuits

In this paper, an accurate linear model of the Mueller–Muller phase detector (MMPD)-based clock and data recovery circuit (MM-CDR) is proposed, which analyzes several critical points of the MM-CDR including the linearization of the MMPD and the gain of the voter. Using our technique, the jitter between the recovery clock and the input data can be estimated with a sub-picosecond accuracy, as demonstrated in the simulation results of a 56 Gb/s quarter-rate MM-CDR implemented in 28 nm CMOS

Hydrogen-bonded hybrid membranes based on hydroxylated metal-organic frameworks and PIM-1 for ultrafast hydrogen separation

Membrane separation technology provides an alternative to traditional thermally driven separations, owing to its advantages including low cost, energy-savings and environmental friendliness. However, the current membrane technology for gas separations using polymeric materials suffers the challenge of gas permeability-selectivity trade-offs. To overcome this hurdle, high-separation performance hybrid membranes are developed herein using microporous UiO-66-(OH)2 and PIM-1. Due to the stable interfacial hydrogen bonding, the MOF loading crosses the percolation threshold in hybrid membranes, and dual-path transport mechanisms govern the gas diffusion. Accordingly, the hybrid membranes with 40 wt% MOF loading exhibit a H2 permeability up to 9167.6 Barrer, transcending the 2008 H2/CH4 and H2/N2 Robeson upper bounds. Compared to neat PIM-1 membranes with a H2 permeability of 2378.3 Barrer, the H2 permeability of hybrid membranes increases over 285%, demonstrating ultra-high gas permeability. The design approach of hybrid membranes provides a viable pathway for the manufacture of hydrogen-bonded hybrid membranes with potential applications for hydrogen separation and CO2 capture

Subtype-aware Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Medical Diagnosis

Recent advances in unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) show that transferable prototypical learning presents a powerful means for class conditional alignment, which encourages the closeness of cross-domain class centroids. However, the cross-domain inner-class compactness and the underlying fine-grained subtype structure remained largely underexplored. In this work, we propose to adaptively carry out the fine-grained subtype-aware alignment by explicitly enforcing the class-wise separation and subtype-wise compactness with intermediate pseudo labels. Our key insight is that the unlabeled subtypes of a class can be divergent to one another with different conditional and label shifts, while inheriting the local proximity within a subtype. The cases with or without the prior information on subtype numbers are investigated to discover the underlying subtype structure in an online fashion. The proposed subtype-aware dynamic UDA achieves promising results on a medical diagnosis task

Urine formaldehyde level is inversely correlated to mini mental state examination scores in senile dementia

It is widely known that exogenous formaldehyde exposure induces human cognitive impairment and animal memory loss; and recent studies show that formaldehyde at pathological levels induces A beta deposition and misfolding of tau protein to form globular amyloid-like aggregates. Endogenous formaldehyde may be a marker for progressive senile dementia