The effects of danofloxacin and tilmicosin on peripheral neutrophils in healthy cattle, on peripheral neutrophils in cattle with induced Pasteurella haemolytica pneumonia, and on body temperature measured via radiotelemetry in cattle with induced Pasteurella haemolytica pneumonia

Three studies are described in this report. In the first study, the effects of danofloxacin and tilmicosin on neutrophil function were examined in healthy mixed-breed weaned beef heifers. Neutrophils were isolated from peripheral blood samples pre- and post-treatment. The neutrophil function assays performed were: random migration under agarose, Cytochrome C reduction, iodination, Staphylococcus aureus ingestion, chemotaxis under agarose, and antibody-independent and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. The results suggest that at therapeutic drug concentrations, danofloxacin and tilmicosin have little clinically significant effect on bovine neutrophil function. In the second study, a model was developed for the induction of pneumonic pasteurellosis (using 6 x 109 CFU of a log-phase culture of Pasteurella haemolytica intrabronchially) in weaned, pre-conditioned beef calves that consistently produced rectal temperatures of at least 40°C 24 hours after bacterial challenge, a clinical score of ≥1, and measurable lung consolidation. In the third study, Pasteurella pneumonia was induced in weaned beef heifer calves using the model from the second study, and calves were treated with danofloxacin or tilmicosin. Neutrophils were collected at 3, 24 and 48 hours after treatment. Neutrophil function assays were as performed in study 1, and apoptosis was determined using a cell death detection kit. The results suggest that danofloxacin and tilmicosin have no clinically significant effects on neutrophil function or apoptosis. There were also no significant differences in percent lung consolidation among treatments. Significant differences were found between non-challenged calves and the challenged non-treated calves in several neutrophil assays, which were attributed to an effect of the Pasteurella infection. Body temperature was also examined in this study via intravaginally implanted radiotransmitters. Temperatures were monitored prior to challenge until necropsy at 72 hours after treatment. The areas under the curve of the temperature-time plot (and over a baseline temperature established for each animal) calculated for 3-hour intervals were not significantly different for any of the time intervals when challenged animals were compared. Analysis of the mean 3-hour interval temperatures showed significantly higher temperatures for saline-treated as compared to antimicrobialtreated animals for the majority of the time intervals, but no differences were found between the danofloxacin- or tilmicosin-treated animals

Electronic Security Systems Implementation within Smart Home

Tato bakalářská práce je v první části věnována průzkumu současných trendů a nových technologií v oblasti „inteligentních domácností“ (dále: „SH“) a „poplachových zabezpečovacích tísňových systému“ (dále: „PZTS“). Dále je uveden podrobný popis systému SH spadajících pod asociaci KNX a PZTS firmy Paradox – cílem není obsáhnout všechny podrobnosti o výše zmíněných systémech, ale vytvořit obecný přehled. Jsou zde popsány základní normy a legislativy vztahující se k výše zmíněným systémům. Praktická část práce se zabývá způsoby implementace PZTS ve SH. Jsou zde popsány dva způsoby realizace implementace PZTS ve SH. Jeden ze způsobů je prakticky realizován. Také je v rámci této práce vypracováno pět laboratorních úloh, které obsahují detailní popis pro zapojení a nastavení PZTS firmy Paradox.This bachelor’s thesis in its first part deals with research of current trends and new technologies in the Smart Home field (hereinafter referred to as the “SH”) and emergency alert security (hereinafter referred to as the “PZTS”). Furthemore, there is detailed description of the SH system, which comes under the association KNX and PZTS of the Paradox company. The target is not to cover all particulars about the systems mentioned above, but to create common overview of them. Also, there are described basic norms and legislatives applied to the systems mentioned above. Practical part of this thesis deals with methods of implementation PZTS into SH. There are described two ways of realization of implementation PZTS into SH. One of the methods was practically made. In addition, as a part of this piece of work, there were elaborated five laboratory tasks. That include detailed description for plugging in and setting of PZTS of the Paradox company.450 - Katedra kybernetiky a biomedicínského inženýrstvídobř

Validation of silicon detector simulations for the Belle II experiment

Název práce: Validace simulací křemíkových detektorů v experimentu Belle II Autor: Lukáš Fajt Katedra: Ústav částicové a jaderné fyziky Vedoucí bakalářské práce: RNDr. Peter Kvasnička, ÚČJF Abstrakt: Předložená bakalářská práce se zabývá testováním simulací plánovaného kombino- vaného Belle II PXD a SVD testbeamu v německém DESY. Testbeam bude zkoumat funkci sestavy šesti detektorů, dvou pixelových detektorů DEPFET a čtyř stripových detektorů, která odpovídá skutečnému uspořádání vnitřního detektoru v právě budovaném experimentu Belle II v japonském KEKu. Testování je prováděno pomocí nově vytvořeného modulu ve frameworku basf2. Tento analyzační modul by měl být v budoucnosti využit i na analýzu experimentálních dat získaných z testbeamu a pro porovnání výsledků získaných simulacemi. Součástí práce byla kromě získání znalostí o experimentu Belle II, polovodičových detektorech, frameworku basf2 a vytvoření modulu i experimentální část odehrávající se v čistých laboratořích UČJF. V teoretické části této práce je nastíněna fyzikální motivace celého experimentu, uspořádá- ní a fungování detektoru Belle II. V druhé části práce jsou rozebrány základy polovodičových detektorů s...Title: Validation of silicon detector simulations in the Belle II experiment Author: Lukáš Fajt Department: Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics Supervisor: RNDr. Peter Kvasnička, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics Abstract: This bachelor thesis deals with testing of simulations for planned combined Belle II PXD and SVD testbeam at DESY, Germany. This testbeam is going to study the function of a setup of six detectors, two DEPFET pixel detectors and four strip detectors, which corresponds to the actual arrangement of the internal detector of the newly built experiment Belle II in KEK, Japan. For the purpose of testing a new module in the basf2 Belle II software framework was developed. This module should also be used in the future for analysis of experimental data from the testbeam and to compare the results with simulations. In addition to the theoretical knowledge about the Belle II experiment, silicon detectors and basf2, experience with experi- mental work in the clean room at IPNP was obtained. The theoretical part of this work reviews the physical motivation of the experiment as well as the arrangement and operation of the Belle II detector. In the second part we discuss silli- con detectors with an emphasis on DEPFET detectors. We then describe the Belle II software framework, basf2,...Ústav částicové a jaderné fyzikyInstitute of Particle and Nuclear PhysicsMatematicko-fyzikální fakultaFaculty of Mathematics and Physic

Development and characterization of nanofibers with incorporated lipids and a poorly water-soluble drug

Mnogo na novo odkritih potencialnih zdravilnih učinkovin ima kljub dobremu terapevtskemu potencialu slabo vodotopnost, zato se razvoj zdravil s takimi učinkovinami pogosto zelo hitro konča. V kolikor tovrstnim učinkovinam uspemo izboljšati topnost in/ali hitrost raztapljanja, postanejo zanimive za nadaljnji razvoj. Glavni namen magistrske naloge je bil povečati hitrost raztapljanja in topnost karvedilola z vgrajevanjem v hidrofilna polimerna nanovlakna. Kot osnovno polimerno ogrodje nanovlaken smo uporabili polietilenoksid in poloksamer 407, nato pa smo v ogrodje vključili še izbrane lipide (mangovo, kakavovo ali makadamijevo maslo) ter karvedilol. Izdelana nanovlakna so bila enakomerne debeline, naključno razporejena, z gladko površino in brez por v strukturi. Ugotovili smo, da dodatek lipida, vrsta lipida in vsebnost učinkovine ne vplivajo na hitrost sproščanja karvedilola, saj se je učinkovina iz vseh izdelanih nanovlaken sprostila v 10 minutah. Proučili smo tudi topnost same učinkovine, učinkovine v fizikalni zmesi ter vgrajene v polimerna nanovlakna. Ugotovili smo, da so ravnotežne topnosti same učinkovine, učinkovine vgrajene v nanovlakna in učinkovine v fizikalni zmesi podobne. Pri raztapljanju nanovlaken smo opazili, da nastane prenasičena raztopina, ki ni stabilna, saj se karvedilol po dveh urah obori in tako sistem preide v ravnotežno stanje. Eden izmed razlogov za nastanek stanja prenasičenja je lahko amorfna oblika karvedilola v nanovlaknih. Med procesom elektrostatskega sukanja se lahko učinkovina vgradi v polimerno ogrodje v amorfni obliki, kar smo preverjali z metodo diferenčne dinamične kalorimetrije. Odsotnost ostrega endotermnega vrha pri 120 °C lahko nakazuje odsotnost kristalne oblike učinkovine, vendar tega na podlagi dobljenih rezultatov ne moremo z gotovostjo trditi, saj se je lahko karvedilol med analizo raztopil v talini polimerov, ki imajo nižje tališče. Izvedli smo tudi infrardečo spektroskopijo s Fourierovo transformacijo, da bi preverili prisotnost interakcij med komponentami v nanovlaknih. Ugotovili smo, da v spektru izdelanih nanovlaken ni vidnega vrha pri 3300 cm-1, ki je značilen za karvedilol. Ostali vrhovi, značilni za karvedilol, so manj izraziti, prav tako ni opaznih značilnih premikov glede na položaje vrhov v spektrih posameznih snovi. Na podlagi rezultatov ne moramo z gotovostjo zaključiti, da se karvedilol v nanovlaknih nahaja v amorfni obliki in da obstajajo interakcije med posameznimi komponentami v izdelanih formulacijah. So pa rezultati naše raziskave pokazali, da smo z vgradnjo karvedilola v nanovlakna uspeli povečati tako njegovo topnost kot hitrost raztapljanja.Despite the good therapeutic potential many newly discovered active pharmaceutical ingredients have poor water solubility. The development of drugs with such active ingredients is often stopped very quickly. If we manage to improve their solubility and/or dissolution rate, they become interesting for further development. The aim of this master thesis was to increase the dissolution rate and solubility of carvedilol by its incorporation into hydrophilic polymer nanofibers. Polyethylene oxide and poloxamer 407 were used as key nanofiber matrix formers. Selected lipids (mango, cocoa or macadamia butter) and carvedilol were later also incorporated in nanofibers. The produced nanofibers had uniform thickness, random distribution and smooth surface, without pores in the structure. The incorporation of lipid, the type of lipid and the percentage of the active ingredient in nanofibers did not affect the rate of carvedilol release from nanofibers, as the drug was completely released from all nanofiber formulations in 10 minutes. The solubility of pure carvedilol, it\u27s physical mixture and polymer nanofibers were also investigated. The results revealed that equilibrium solubilities of pure drug, drug in physical mixture and drug in nanofibers are similar. Dissolution of nanofibers revealed a supersaturated solution, which was not physically stable, as carvedilol precipitation was observed in two hours. One of the reasons for the supersaturation might be the presence of amorphous carvedilol in nanofibers. During electrospinning the active ingredient can incorporate into nanofibers in amorphous form, which can be verified by the differential scanning calorimetry. The absence of a sharp endothermic peak at 120 ° C may indicate the absence of the crystalline form of carvedilol in nanofibers, but this cannot be confirmed only based on obtained results, as carvedilol may have dissolved in the melt of polymers during the analysis. Infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transformation was also performed to investigate the presence of interactions between components in nanofibers. There was no visible peak characteristic for the carvedilol in the spectrum of nanofibers at 3300 cm-1. Other peaks characteristic for carvedilol were less pronounced and there were no noticeable shifts of peaks in the spectra compared to the peak positions in the spectra of individual substances. Based on the obtained results we cannot conclude with certainity that carvedilol was incorporated in nanofibers in amorphous form and that there were interactions between the individual components in the nanofiber formulations. However, the results of our study showed that the incorporation of carvedilol into nanofibers increase its solubility and dissolution rate