The role of sport organizations for local and national community: The case of Sámi sport organizations

Research question: This paper investigates (1) how representatives of Sámi sport clubs understand local and national communities, and (2) and the role of the sport organization in the creation and perception of local and national community. The study contributes to the research field by showing how sport organizations are the basis of the community, locally and nationally. Research methods: Interviews were conducted with seven board members representing five Sámi sport clubs in four municipalities. The sport clubs were all members of the Sámi sport organization, and located in core Sámi areas where Sámi language and culture is manifested in everyday life. Sámi are the indigenous peoples of the northern Norway, Sweden, Finland and north-west Russia. Results and findings: For sport club representatives, Sámi sport refers to specific activities associated with Sámi husbandry heritage, and to the Sámi sport organization. Sport clubs function as community organizations at the local level. Moreover, through affiliation with the Sámi sport organization, the sport clubs are the link to the Sámi national community. Sámi indigeneity is played out internally in the local community as well as on the borderline to other communities with other ethnic compositions. Implications: The study revealed a complex relationship between the local and national elements of indigeneity, and between the internal and the external elements. These elements of multiculturalism and sport clubs require to be taken into account in future sport management and policy-making in addition to multicultural policies towards immigrant sport participation and organization.acceptedVersio

Life testing of metal-ceramic CO2 lasers

The main purpose of this program was to determine the life characteristics of nine space-qualified, metal-ceramic CO2 lasers. Lifetimes ranged between about 400 hours to over 2000 hours (the limit of testing) with a high degree of consistency in like groups. In all cases the tubes which had failed could be restored to near their original power by doubling the cathode current for 30 minutes. Periodic rejuvenation allowed operation for the full 2000 hours on all tubes. The failure mechanism appears to involve formation of NiO and C on the nickel cathode emission surface with subsequent absorption of tube gases

Taking stock of sport management research in the new millenia–research contributions, worthwhile knowledge, and the field’s raison d’être

Research question: In this paper, we analyse the variety and distribution of ways that authors frame their research contributions in published sport management articles, thereby providing a base from which to reflect on what is considered worthwhile knowledge in the field of sport management. Research methods: Our analysis builds on a reading of the introductions of 128 papers published in European Sport Management Quarterly, Journal of Sport Management, and Sport Management Review between 2001 and 2020. We grounded our approach conceptually in the work of [Sandberg, J., & Alvesson, M. (2011). Ways of constructing research questions: Gap-spotting or problematization? Organization, 18(1), 23–44. 10.1177/1350508410372151] but identified field-specific variations using an inductive process. Results and findings: Most contribution-framings entail spotting gaps in the literature, in which the value of a piece of research is based on the idea that existing research is lacking in some way. Very few papers adopt a more disruptive contribution-framing mode that questions the assumptions underpinning existing knowledge in the field. Implications: We raise potential issues of concern and important considerations for the future regarding questions around the development of a distinct body of sport management knowledge, ways to evaluate gaps in the literature, the significance of significance-statements, and the need to discuss an appropriate balance between incremental and assumption-challenging knowledge production.publishedVersio

Die Entwicklung der frühen Wortschreibung in den ersten beiden Schuljahren – Eine empirische Untersuchung unvollständiger Schreibungen

Untersuchungen zum Schreiben haben die Analyse des Schreibprodukts, das schreibende Individuum oder auch den Prozess des Schreibens bzw. des Schreibenlernens im Fokus ihrer Betrachtungen. Das Schreibprodukt wird dabei als messbare Leistung, als sichtbares Ergebnis der schriftsprachlichen Kompetenzen von Schülerinnen und Schülern bewertet. Mittels unterschiedlicher Methoden werden daran verschiedene Fragestellungen untersucht. Neben der Analyse von Schreibprodukten werden auch Untersuchungen zu bestimmten Einflussfaktoren auf den Schreibprozess (Becker-Mrotzek & Böttcher, 2006) und den Schriftspracherwerb vorgenommen. Andere Studien haben die Entwicklung des Schriftspracherwerbs im Fokus. In das Umfeld des Themas „Erwerb“ ist auch die Frage nach den Voraussetzungen für einen gelungenen Schriftspracherwerb untersucht worden. So wurden verschiedene Faktoren identifiziert, die einen erfolgreichen Erwerbsverlauf begünstigen können (Hippmann, 2008). Immer wieder aktuell ist die Frage nach den Einflüssen und der Effektivität einzelner Methoden. Hier ist das Schreibprodukt bzw. seine orthographische Richtigkeit ein Mittel zur Leistungsüberprüfung der Schreibkompetenzen einzelner Kinder. Es wird deutlich, dass orthographische Richtigkeit das zentrale Maß für eine Leistungsmessung darstellt. Neben der Betrachtung richtiger Wörter befassen sich Studien zum Schriftspracherwerb auch mit der Analyse falscher Wörter bzw. der Untersuchung von Fehlern. Hier ist ein direkter Nutzen für die Praxis erkennbar. Qualitative Analysen von Schreibprodukten (z. B. durch die Hamburger Schreibprobe, 1997 oder die Aachener Förder- und Rechtschreibanalyse, 2002) nutzen ebenfalls die Fehler in den Schreibungen als Hinweis auf zugrundeliegende Strategien der Kinder und um eine spezifische Förderung daraus ableiten zu können. Fehleranalysen kategorisieren sehr differenziert Rechtschreibfehler auf segmentaler, silbischer, morphologischer oder syntaktischer Ebene. Trotzdem fehlt bislang eine fundierte und evidenzbasierte Auseinandersetzung mit diesem Phänomen: Unvollständige Schreibungen stellen eine Randnotiz in der Forschung zum Schriftspracherwerb dar. So bleibt unklar, was Skelettschreibungen im Detail sind und wie sie sich im Laufe des Erwerbs entwickeln, welche Elemente der Zielwörter ausgelassen und welche verschriftet werden

Muaro Jambi dulu, sekarang, dan esok

Lima tulisan dalam buku ini membicarakan sistem jaringan air, fungsi bangunan air, pengelolaan sumberdaya arkeologi dan kehidupan masyarakat sekitar Muaro Jambi. Kelima sumbangan pikiran mereka diabdikan kepada situs Muaro Jambi

The meaning of democracy in an era of good governance: Views of representation and their implications for board composition

Contemporary sport governance contexts are marked by a trend towards efficiency-based board composition and an increasing use of instruments aimed to (re)shape boards. Yet, democratic governance is integral to many countries’ sport systems, and research tells us that representation still matters in sport governance. Considering this, the aim with this paper is to provide researchers and practitioners with a vocabulary to understand and address issues of representation in board composition. The paper builds on interviews with nomination committee representatives of 62 Swedish national sport federations (NSFs). The analysis provides insights into the meaning and implications of four distinct views of representation, along with an interpretation of potential responses to board-shaping instruments engendered by these views.The meaning of democracy in an era of good governance: Views of representation and their implications for board compositionpublishedVersio

A workout for virtual bodybuilders (design issues for embodiment in multi-actor virtual environments)

This paper explores the issue of user embodiment within collaborative virtual environments. By user embodiment we mean the provision of users with appropriate body images so as to represent them to others and also to themselves. By collaborative virtual environments we mean multi-user virtual reality systems which support cooperative work (although we argue that the results of our exploration may also be applied to other kinds of collaborative systems). The main part of the paper identifies a list of embodiment design issues including: presence, location, identity, activity, availability, history of activity, viewpoint, action point, gesture, facial expression, voluntary versus involuntary expression, degree of presence, reflecting capabilities, manipulating the user's view of others, representation across multiple media, autonomous and distributed body parts, truthfulness and efficiency. Following this, we show how these issues are reflected in our own DIVE and MASSIVE prototype collaborative virtual environments

Innate Immune Responses of Drosophila Melanogaster are Altered by Spaceflight

Alterations and impairment of immune responses in humans present a health risk for space exploration missions. The molecular mechanisms under pinning innate immune defense can be confounded by the complexity of the acquired immune system of humans. Drosophila (fruit fly) innate immunity is simpler, and shares many similarities with human innate immunity at the level of molecular and genetic pathways. The goals of this study were to elucidate fundamental immune processes in Drosophila affected by spaceflight and to measure host-pathogen responses post-flight. Five containers, each containing ten female and five male fruit flies, were housed and bred on the space shuttle (average orbit altitude of330.35 km) for 12 days and 18.5 hours. A new generation of flies was reared in microgravity. In larvae, the immune system was examined by analyzing plasmatocyte number and activity in culture. In adults, the induced immune responses were analyzed by bacterial clearance and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) of selected genes following infection with E. coli. The RNA levels of relevant immune pathway genes were determined in both larvae and adults by microarray analysis. The ability of larval plasmatocytes to phagocytose E. coli in culture was attenuated following spaceflight, and in parallel, the expression of genes involved in cell maturation was down regulated. In addition, the level of constitutive expression of pattern recognition receptors and opsonins that specifically recognize bacteria, and of lysozymes, antimicrobial peptide (AMP) pathway and immune stress genes, hallmarks of humoral immunity, were also reduced in larvae. In adults, the efficiency of bacterial clearance measured in vivo following a systemic infection with E. coli post-flight, remained robust. We show that spaceflight altered both cellular and humoral immune responses in Drosophila and that the disruption occurs at multiple interacting pathways

In situ optimization methodology for the water circulation pumps frequency of ground source heat pump systems

[EN] This paper presents an experimental study of the influence of the water circulation pumps frequency atthe indoor and outdoor loops in the overall system performance of a ground source heat pump moni-tored plant, and describes a three steps new methodology to optimize the system energy performanceand obtain the values of the optimal frequencies when ON/OFF regulation is employed. The first stepconsists of several experimental tests of pseudo-random sequence of frequency steps for both, internaland external circulation pumps, carried out during a single day. The second step is the characterization ofthe quasi-steady state system performance as a function of circulation pumps frequencies. The final stepconsists of, by means of an analytical expression, the extrapolation of results to any partial load ratio,what allows finding the optimal frequency as a function of the instantaneous thermal load. The advantageof the proposed methodology is that it can be carried out on site and is able to consider the phenomenaoccurring at the heat pump and the ground source heat exchanger when the flow rates are varied. Themethodology can be applied to any installation incorporating variable speed circulation pumps. Resultsindicate large energy savings potential for this kind of installation.This work was supported by the European Commission under the FP7 framework project GROUND-MED: "Advanced ground source heat pump systems for heating and cooling in Mediterranean climate".Montagud Montalvá, CI.; Corberán Salvador, JM.; Montero Reguera, ÁE. (2014). In situ optimization methodology for the water circulation pumps frequency of ground source heat pump systems. Energy and Buildings. 68, A:42-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.09.030S425368,

Solceller som solavsk\ue4rmning. Forskning, utveckling och demonstration

This report presents the implementation, results, discussion and conclusions of the project "Solar Shading in an Overall Perspective - From Energy Efficiency to Energy Production and from Product to Architecture". From 2015 to 2018, companies from the solar shading and solar PV industries, together with architects, researchers, contractors and property managers, have explored the area in order to increase interest, knowledge and acceptance for solar shading in various important target groups. A strong focus has been on the combination of solar cells and solar shadings in a product named electricity generating solar shading. Among the results is a literature summary and an experience feedback from eight installations, as well as a database of examples from about 70 solar-shading installations, most of which are built up of solar cells. A development effort in collaboration between solar shading- and solar PV companies has resulted in several new products that were evaluated in the project and now being demonstrated at RISE\u27s office in Bor\ue5s