Porosity distribution prediction using artificial neural networks

Reservoir characterization plays a very important role in the petroleum industry, especially to the economic success of the reservoir development. Heterogeneity can complicate the evaluation of reservoir properties. Porosity is the primary key to a reliable reservoir model.;Several studies in the literature indicated that accurate evaluation of reservoir properties can be made by the analysis of electric logs. Stringtown oil field in Tyler and Wetzel counties in the northwestern part of West Virginia was selected to conduct this study.;Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is one of the latest technologies available to the petroleum industry. The objective of this study was to predict reliable porosity values from geophysical log data. In this study, porosity predictions were compared against core measurements and were found to be reliable with R2 of 0.97. The results confirmed the capability of using ANN. The results were utilized to map the Porosity distribution

Narration between Retrieval and Anticipation in Eighty Years Waiting for Death

يقوم الروائُّي بتوظيف الزمن في جميع تشكلاته؛ لذا يتصرف، ويتدخل في نظام ترتيب أحداث الحكاية حين ينقلها إلى عمله الروائي، ويلغي بذلك التسلسل والترتيب الذي خضعت له الوقائع في الحكاية، وهو بهذا التصرف يعمد إلى استخدام المفارقات الزمنية الناتجة عن تكسير خطية سير الأحداث وهما تقنيتا: الاسترجاع، والاستباق.       ومن هنا تسعى هذه الدراسة المعنونة بالسرد بين الاسترجاع والاستباق في رواية (ثمانون عامًا في انتظار الموت) للكاتب السعودي عبد المجيد الفياض إلى كشف البنية الزمنية عبر تقنيتي الاسترجاع والاستباق، بهدف الإجابة عن إشكالية البحث، التي تكمن في السؤالين الآتيين: - ما هي التقنيات الحديثة التي استخدمها الكاتب في الرواية؟ -كيف وظف الكاتب تقنية المفارقات الزمنية في هذه الرواية؟  ولتحقيق هدف البحث اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي القائم على الاستقراء والتحليل في وصف البنية الزمنية المختارة.  The novelist employs time in all its formations. So he acts, and intervenes in the system of arranging the events of the story when he transfers them to his fictional work, and thus cancels the sequence and arrangement that the facts were subjected to in the story, and in this behavior he intends to use the temporal paradoxes resulting from breaking the linear course of events, which are two techniques: retrieval and anticipation.        Hence, this study entitled “Narration between Retrieval and Anticipation” in the novel (Eighty Years Waiting for Death) by the Saudi writer Abdul Majeed Al-Fayyad seeks to reveal the temporal structure through the techniques of retrieval and anticipation, with the aim of answering the research problem, which lies in the following two questions: What are the modern techniques used by the writer in the novel? How did the writer employ the technique of temporal paradoxes in this novel?   To achieve the goal of the research, the study relied on the descriptive analytical approach based on induction and analysis in describing the temporal structure in the selected

Contemporary Endodontic Sealers

Endodontic treatment over goes multiple phases to ensure long term successful outcome. Starting with an accurate diagnosis and treatment planning, through proper debridement and disinfection of the root canal system. Finally maintaining a sterile environment of the pulpal space, by filing its root’s with an inert biocompatible material and securing it with a final restoration, a process known as obturation. Accordingly, quality of the seal was shown to be an influencing factor in the long term success of an endodontic treatment, as root canal obturation act as a barrier isolating both periapical tissue and radicular space from ingress of microbial contaminant, and promotes healing as it entombs any remaining pulpal or microbial irritants. (1)(2) Traditionally, root canal obturation consist of a core material most typically gutta-percha (GP), and some sort of an endodontic sealant to produce a homogenous filling. (3) These Sealers play a major role in obturation by overcoming the physical limitation of the core material, they help to seal minor anomalies, accessory canals and foramina, and fill any voids between root canal walls and core material. (4)  Sealers also facilitate placement of core material. (5)(6) While the broader objective of these sealers is to ban microbial ingress, some sort of micro leakage does occur in almost all types of sealant used. (7) Apart from antimicrobial activities, ideal properties desired in an endodontic sealer were outlined by Grossman. These sealers must be biocompatible or at least non-toxic, insoluble in tissue fluids but dissolve in retreatment solvent, and must display excellent sealing ability. Other include; appropriate adhesion to dentinal walls, bacteriostatic, dimensionally stable, provide adequate working time, radiopaque, and must not stain the tooth. (8) Unfortunately, no available sealer displays all of these properties yet. (9) In light of this, selection of any type of an endodontic sealer could therefore affect treatment outcome. (10-13) Root canal sealers are available in various quantities and have been grouped in a number of arrangement according to either their chemical composition, usage, or tissue absorbance (14) This paper will touch upon conventional ones and will attempt to introduce contemporary and new ones

Risk Assessment Of In-Vitro Fertilization, Review Article

Since its remarkable inception in 1978, IVF has garnered significant public interest.   Currently, assisted reproductive technology is widely accessible in most developed countries, and the methods employed have significantly evolved since its inception.   Advancements in laboratory technology and clinical practice have enabled IVF to develop into a medical process that is highly efficient, safe, easily accessible, and comparatively affordable. Over 2 million children conceived by IVF have been born so far, and it is probable that ongoing improvements will increase its attractiveness and suitability. There has been a rising interest in the topic of risk assessment in IVF in recent years, with a significant amount of research focused on detecting and reducing the potential dangers linked to the operation.   This review article seeks to offer a thorough and all-encompassing analysis of the present understanding of risk assessments in IVF, encompassing the diverse range of risks and complications linked to the operation

Effects of Goat Manure Fertilization on Grain Nutritional Value in Two Contrasting Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Varieties Cultivated at High Altitudes

In this study, the effects of goat manure fertilization (2, 4, 8, and 12 Tn/ha) on the grain yield, organic compounds, and mineral composition of two quinoa varieties (CICA-17 and Regalona Baer) were evaluated under field conditions in Northwest Argentina. The results indicate that fertilization improved the quinoa grain yield and total protein content. Low manure doses positively affected the fatty acid (FA) profile, and significant changes were determined for the monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acid contents of CICA-17 and on the saturated fatty acid (SFA) contents of R. Baer seeds. The amino acid contents were positively affected in CICA-17 and negatively in R. Baer. Soluble sugars (glucose, fructose, and sucrose), major elements (K, Si, P, Mg, Ca, and Na), minor elements (Fe, Mn, Al, Zn, and Cu), and ultratrace elements (Cr and Li) were detected and discussed in terms of their impact on human nutrition and health. Conclusively, manure addition affected some essential amino acids, the desaturase activity, the n6:n3 and SFA/UFA ratios, the atherogenic index, soluble sugars, and mineral content, and the fatty acid metabolism of each variety was differently affected, especially the C16 and C18 desaturase activity, which responded differently to various manure doses. Manure addition is a promising alternative to improve the nutritional quality and functionality of quinoa grains, but the response is not linear.EEA FamailláFil: González, Juan A. Fundación Miguel Lillo. Instituto de Ecología, Comportamiento y Conservación; ArgentinaFil: Yousif, Sawsan K.M. Al-Baha University. College of Arts and Science in Baljurashi. Department of Chemistry; Arabia SauditaFil: Erazzu, Luis Ernesto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: Erazzu, Luis Ernesto. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; ArgentinaFil: Martinez Calsina, Luciana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: Lizarraga, Emilio. Fundación Miguel Lillo. Instituto de Fisiología Animal; ArgentinaFil: Lizarraga, Emilio. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; ArgentinaFil: Omer, Rihab M. Al-Baha University. College of Arts and Science in Baljurashi. Department of Chemistry; Arabia SauditaFil: Bazile, D. CIRAD, UMR SENS; FranciaFil: Bazile, D. University Paul Valery Montpellier 3. CIRAD, IRD; FranciaFil: Fernandez-Turiel, J.L. CSIC. Geosciences Barcelona; EspañaFil: Buedo, Sebastián E. Fundación Miguel Lillo. Instituto de Ecología, Comportamiento y Conservación; ArgentinaFil: Rejas, M. CSIC. Geosciences Barcelona; EspañaFil: Fontana, Paola Daniela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: González, D.A. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV); ArgentinaFil: González, D.A. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV); ArgentinaFil:Oviedo, A. Fundación Miguel Lillo. Instituto de Fisiología Animal; ArgentinaFil: Alzuaibr, Fahad Mohammed. University of Tabuk. Faculty of Science. Department of Biology; Arabia SauditaFil: Al-Qahtani, Salem Mesfer. University of Tabuk. University College of Tayma. Biology Department; Arabia SauditaFil: Al-Harbi, Nadi Awad. University of Tabuk. University College of Tayma. Biology Department; Arabia SauditaFil: Ibrahim, Mohamed F.M. Ain Shams University. Faculty of Agriculture. Department of Agricultural Botany; EgiptoFil: Van Nieuwenhove, Carina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; ArgentinaFil: Van Nieuwenhove, Carina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos. Laboratorio de Ecofisiología Tecnológica; Argentin

The Association of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Polymorphism with Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Saudi Arabian Patients

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a single stranded RNA virus. It affects millions of people worldwide and is considered as a leading cause of liver diseases including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. A recent study reported that TLR4 gene polymorphisms are good prognostic predictors and are associated with protection from liver fibrosis among Caucasians. This study aims to investigate the implication of genetic polymorphisms of TLR4 gene on the HCV infection in Saudi Arabian patients. Two SNPs in the TLR4 gene, rs4986790 (A/G) and rs4986791 (C/T), were genotyped in 450 HCV patients and 600 uninfected controls. The association analysis confirmed that both SNPs showed a significant difference in their distribution between HCV-infected patients and uninfected control subjects ( < 0.0001; OR = 0.404, 95% CI = 0.281-0.581) and ( < 0.0001; OR = 0.298, 95% CI = 0.201-0.443), respectively. More importantly, haplotype analysis revealed that four haplotypes, AC, GT, GC, and AT (rs4986790, rs4986791), were significantly associated with HCV infection when compared with control subjects. One haplotype AC was more prominently found when chronic HCV-infected patients were compared with cirrhosis/HCC patients (frequency = 94.7% and = 0.04). Both TLR4 SNPs under investigation were found to be significantly implicated with HCV-infection among Saudi Arabian population

Sequencing, Analysis, and Annotation of Expressed Sequence Tags for Camelus dromedarius

Despite its economical, cultural, and biological importance, there has not been a large scale sequencing project to date for Camelus dromedarius. With the goal of sequencing complete DNA of the organism, we first established and sequenced camel EST libraries, generating 70,272 reads. Following trimming, chimera check, repeat masking, cluster and assembly, we obtained 23,602 putative gene sequences, out of which over 4,500 potentially novel or fast evolving gene sequences do not carry any homology to other available genomes. Functional annotation of sequences with similarities in nucleotide and protein databases has been obtained using Gene Ontology classification. Comparison to available full length cDNA sequences and Open Reading Frame (ORF) analysis of camel sequences that exhibit homology to known genes show more than 80% of the contigs with an ORF>300 bp and ~40% hits extending to the start codons of full length cDNAs suggesting successful characterization of camel genes. Similarity analyses are done separately for different organisms including human, mouse, bovine, and rat. Accompanying web portal, CAGBASE (http://camel.kacst.edu.sa/), hosts a relational database containing annotated EST sequences and analysis tools with possibility to add sequences from public domain. We anticipate our results to provide a home base for genomic studies of camel and other comparative studies enabling a starting point for whole genome sequencing of the organism

Effects of Goat Manure Fertilization on Grain Nutritional Value in Two Contrasting Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Varieties Cultivated at High Altitudes

In this study, the effects of goat manure fertilization (2, 4, 8, and 12 Tn/ha) on the grain yield, organic compounds, and mineral composition of two quinoa varieties (CICA-17 and Regalona Baer) were evaluated under field conditions in Northwest Argentina. The results indicate that fertilization improved the quinoa grain yield and total protein content. Low manure doses positively affected the fatty acid (FA) profile, and significant changes were determined for the monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acid contents of CICA-17 and on the saturated fatty acid (SFA) contents of R. Baer seeds. The amino acid contents were positively affected in CICA-17 and negatively in R. Baer. Soluble sugars (glucose, fructose, and sucrose), major elements (K, Si, P, Mg, Ca, and Na), minor elements (Fe, Mn, Al, Zn, and Cu), and ultratrace elements (Cr and Li) were detected and discussed in terms of their impact on human nutrition and health. Conclusively, manure addition affected some essential amino acids, the desaturase activity, the n6:n3 and SFA/UFA ratios, the atherogenic index, soluble sugars, and mineral content, and the fatty acid metabolism of each variety was differently affected, especially the C16 and C18 desaturase activity, which responded differently to various manure doses. Manure addition is a promising alternative to improve the nutritional quality and functionality of quinoa grains, but the response is not linear

Sequencing, Analysis, and Annotation of Expressed Sequence Tags for \u3ci\u3eCamelus dromedarius\u3c/i\u3e

Despite its economical, cultural, and biological importance, there has not been a large scale sequencing project to date for Camelus dromedarius. With the goal of sequencing complete DNA of the organism, we first established and sequenced camel EST libraries, generating 70,272 reads. Following trimming, chimera check, repeat masking, cluster and assembly, we obtained 23,602 putative gene sequences, out of which over 4,500 potentially novel or fast evolving gene sequences do not carry any homology to other available genomes. Functional annotation of sequences with similarities in nucleotide and protein databases has been obtained using Gene Ontology classification. Comparison to available full length cDNA sequences and Open Reading Frame (ORF) analysis of camel sequences that exhibit homology to known genes show more than 80% of the contigs with an ORF\u3e300 bp and ~40% hits extending to the start codons of full length cDNAs suggesting successful characterization of camel genes. Similarity analyses are done separately for different organisms including human, mouse, bovine, and rat. Accompanying web portal, CAGBASE (http://camel.kacst.edu.sa/), hosts a relational database containing annotated EST sequences and analysis tools with possibility to add sequences from public domain. We anticipate our results to provide a home base for genomic studies of camel and other comparative studies enabling a starting point for whole genome sequencing of the organism

Evaluation of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) treatment for moderate-to-severe ARDS in critically ill patients with COVID-19: A multicenter cohort study

Background: Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is used as rescue therapy in patients with refractory hypoxemia due to severe COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) despite the recommendation against the use of this treatment. To date, the effect of iNO on the clinical outcomes of critically ill COVID-19 patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS remains arguable. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the use of iNO in critically ill COVID-19 patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS. Methods: This multicenter, retrospective cohort study included critically ill adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 treated from March 01, 2020, until July 31, 2021. Eligible patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS were subsequently categorized into two groups based on inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) use throughout their ICU stay. The primary endpoint was the improvement in oxygenation parameters 24 h after iNO use. Other outcomes were considered secondary. Propensity score matching (1:2) was used based on the predefined criteria. Results: A total of 1598 patients were screened, and 815 were included based on the eligibility criteria. Among them, 210 patients were matched based on predefined criteria. Oxygenation parameters (PaO2, FiO2 requirement, P/F ratio, oxygenation index) were significantly improved 24 h after iNO administration within a median of six days of ICU admission. However, the risk of 30-day and in-hospital mortality were found to be similar between the two groups (HR: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.77, 1.82; p = 0.45 and HR: 1.40; 95% CI: 0.94, 2.11; p= 0.10, respectively). On the other hand, ventilator-free days (VFDs) were significantly fewer, and ICU and hospital LOS were significantly longer in the iNO group. In addition, patients who received iNO had higher odds of acute kidney injury (AKI) (OR (95% CI): 2.35 (1.30, 4.26), p value = 0.005) and hospital/ventilator-acquired pneumonia (OR (95% CI): 3.2 (1.76, 5.83), p value = 0.001). Conclusion: In critically ill COVID-19 patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS, iNO rescue therapy is associated with improved oxygenation parameters but no mortality benefits. Moreover, iNO use is associated with higher odds of AKI, pneumonia, longer LOS, and fewer VFDs