Consumo de sustancias adictivas y grado de riesgo en estudiantes de grado de la UNCuyo, Mendoza, Argentina, 2015

El consumo de sustancias adictivas se encuentra entre los primeros 20 factores de riesgo de muerte y discapacidad en la población mundial (OMS). En este trabajo se aplicó la “Prueba de Detección del Consumo de alcohol, tabaco y sustancias" (ASSITS) de OMS para determinar la prevalencia del consumo de los 9 tipos de drogas adictivas incluidas en ASSITS y el nivel de riesgo en cada estudiante encuestado de 6 Unidades Académicas de la UNCuyo en 2015. Los resultados fueron comparados con los obtenidos en 2010. Se aplicaron las encuestas en forma individual y anónima a una muestra de 660 estudiantes (F 390 y M 270) de Cs. Médicas, Cs. Políticas y Sociales, Cs. Económicas, Derecho, Artes y Diseño y Filosofía y Letras, que fueron relevadas por 6 estudiantes universitarios entrenados. Las comparaciones porcentuales fueron analizadas mediante Chi cuadrado. La comparación de la prevalencia de consumidores en 2010 y 2015 reveló un incremento de 5,4% para alcohol, 1,5 veces para tabaco, 2,9 veces para cannabis, 26 veces para anfetamínicos, 6,8 veces para alucinógenos, 2,2 para cocaína y prácticamente igual prevalencia para sedantes. La prevalencia acumulada del uso de sustancias adictivas en cada facultad en 2015 fue de mayor a menor: Cs. Políticas y Sociales > Derecho > Artes y Diseño > Filosofía y Letras > Cs. Económicas > Cs. Médicas. Los porcentajes promediados de consumidores con riesgo “bajo" fueron > que con riesgo “moderado" > que con riesgo “alto" para todas las sustancias, exceptuando para los de tabaco y cannabis en los que la prevalencia de los de riesgo “moderado" superó a las de riesgo “bajo". En conclusión, la prevalencia de usuarios de sustancias adictivas aumentó significativamente en 2015 con respecto a 2010 y se mantuvieron las diferencias interfacultades en estas prevalencias. Exceptuando para alcohol, tabaco y cannabis, la proporción de estudiantes consumidores de otras drogas adictivas con “alto" riesgo fue nula en la UNCUYO en 2015.Addiction drugs abuse is one of the first 20 risk factors causing death and decreased capability in the world population (WHO). In this work, the ASSITS test of WHO was applied to determine the users prevalence of 9 families of adictive substances and the risk level in each user of 6 Schools of the UNCuyo in year 2015. Results were compared with those obtained in year 2010. The enquires were applied in an individual and anonimous way to a 660 students sample (390 F and 270 M) of Medical Scis., Politics and Social Scis., Economic Scis., Lawyer, Arts and Design and Philosophy and Letters. They were applied by 6 trained students. Comparisons of proportions were made with the square CHI test. Comparing prevalencies of users in 2010 significantly increased in 2015 vs 2010 and inter schools differences in these prevalencies were maintained. Excluding alcohol, tobacco and cannabis a proportion of high risk users of other addictivie and 2015 a 5.4% increase was found for alcohol, 1.5 times for tobacco, 2.9 times for cannabinoids, 26 times for anphetaminics, 6.8 times for hallucinatory substances, 2.2 times for cocaine and a similar prevalence for sedatives. The aggregate prevalences of addictive substances used in each School in 2015 was: Politics and Social Scis. > Lawyer > Arts and Design > Philosophy and Letters > Economics Scis. > Medical Scis. The mean proportion of users showing “low" risk levels was > than that of “moderate" risk > than that of the “high level" risk for all substances, exceping for tobacco and cannabis users which prevalence of “moderate" risk users surpassed that of low risk users. In summary, users prevalences of addictive substances substances was not accounted in the UNCuyo in 2015.Fil: Kaiser, Lucía. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Área Farmacología.Fil: Rodríguez, Cecilia Inés. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Área Farmacología.Fil: Aranda, Leandro. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Área Farmacología.Fil: Fader, Elisabeth. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Área Farmacología.Fil: Mocayar, Feres. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Área Farmacología.Fil: Bermúdez, Ibel. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Área Farmacología.Fil: Pinea, Gastón. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Área Farmacología.Fil: Formica, Pablo. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Área Farmacología.Fil: Zapata, María Patricia. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Área Farmacología.Fil: Sacchi, Osvaldo. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Área Farmacología.Fil: Rodríguez Echandía, Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Área Farmacología

A research agenda for Fundy: results from the 2006 ‘Fundy Session’ at the Atlantic Geoscience Society Colloquium

Publisher's version/PDFAbstract of a presentation from the Atlantic Geoscience Society 2008 Colloquium and Annual General Meeting held at the Holiday Inn Harbourside, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, on February 1 and 2, 2008

Consumo de sustancias adictivas y grado de riesgo en estudiantes de grado de la UNCuyo, Mendoza, Argentina, en 2015

Este trabajo muestra los resultados de una encuesta realizada en 2010 sobre consumo de drogas adictivas en alumnos de 7 Facultades de la UNCUYO y los compara con los resultados obtenidos 12 años antes con una encuesta equivalente. La encuesta fue semiestructurada, con 17 preguntas, autocumplimentada, individual y anónima, con una muestra de 1108 alumnos de ambos sexos. De esa encuesta se utilizaron 7 preguntas específicas sobre drogas adictivas y una pregunta sobre consumo de medicamentos en general, con 46 opciones entre las que figuraban 10 denominaciones comerciales de benzodiacepinas, como drogas adictivas de prescripción. Para las comparaciones estadísticas se utilizó Chi cuadrado. El ranking de drogas utilizadas fue relativamente similar en 1998 y 2010 pero, exceptuando tabaco y “otras drogas" que se mantuvieron estables, el resto aumentó alrededor de 4 veces en el periodo. El 82,8% de los alumnos manifestó consumir alcohol (siempre + a veces); de 1 a 5 vasos semanales el 79%. En todas las Facultades, cerveza y Fernet encabezaron el ranquing de preferencias por bebidas alcohólicas. La prevalencia del consumo de tabaco en el total de la muestra se mantuvo constante en 1998 y 2010 (alrededor del 28%) pero el consumo entre Facultades fue variable y en Artes fue significativamente más elevado (42%). Siguen en el ranking marihuana con 10% de prevalencia, tranquilizantes con alrededor del 6% y cocaína con poco más del 1%. Finalmente “otras drogas" (Hachis, LSD, extasis, anabólicos, anfetaminas, “hongos") representaron solamente un 3% de prevalencia. Artes y Ciencias Políticas mostraron las mayores prevalencias de consumo y Derecho e Ingeniería las menores. Esto indica implementar acciones preventivas y correctivas particulares para cada Facultad.This is a research on addictive drugs use by students of 7 schools of the UNCUYO. The results of an inquire made in 2010 are compared with the results of an equivalent inquire made 12 years before. The inquire was partially structured and consists of 17 questions, autographic, individual and anonymous, and was applied to a 1108 students sample. The inquire was devoted to ascertain use and knowledge about prescription drugs use and comprised 7 specific questions on addictive drugs use as well as a prescription drugs question with 46 options comprising 10 commercial names of benzodiazepines as addictive prescription drugs. Chi square was used for statistic comparisons. The ranking of addictive drugs use was quite similar in the 1998 and the 2010 inquires. However, excepting tobacco and “other drugs" which prevalence remained constant, the rest of consigned drugs prevalence increased about 4 folds in this period. The prevalence of alcohol users was about 83% (always + some-times users) and 79% said to drank 1 to 5 glasses a week. Bear and Fernet headed the ranking of alcoholic drinks preference. The prevalence of tobacco use in the whole student sample was constant in both inquires (about 28%) but the amongschools use was variable; in Arts was significantly higher than that (42%). Followed in the ranking marihuana with a 10% prevalence, tranquilizers (about 6%) and cocaine with a little more than 1%. Finally, “other drugs" (Hachis, LSD, extasis, anabolics, anfetamines and funguses) represented all together a 3% prevalence. Arts and Politic Sciences Schools showed the highest prevalence in addictive drugs use and Law and Engineery the lowest. The results point to planning particular preventing and corrective actions for each School.Fil: Kaiser, Lucía. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Cátedra de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez, Cecilia Inés. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Cátedra de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Aranda, Leandro. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Cátedra de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Fader, Elisabeth. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Cátedra de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Mocayar Maron, Feres Jose. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Cátedra de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Bermúdez, Ibel. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Cátedra de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Pinea, Gastón. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Cátedra de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Formica, Pablo. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Cátedra de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Zapata, Maria Patricia. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Cátedra de Farmacología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Sacchi, Osvaldo Jorge. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Cátedra de Farmacología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez Echandia, Eduardo Luciano. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Cátedra de Farmacología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentin

Does the use of the 2009 FIGO classification of endometrial cancer impact on indications of the sentinel node biopsy?

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Lymphadenectomy is debated in early stages endometrial cancer. Moreover, a new FIGO classification of endometrial cancer, merging stages IA and IB has been recently published. Therefore, the aims of the present study was to evaluate the relevance of the sentinel node (SN) procedure in women with endometrial cancer and to discuss whether the use of the 2009 FIGO classification could modify the indications for SN procedure.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Eighty-five patients with endometrial cancer underwent the SN procedure followed by pelvic lymphadenectomy. SNs were detected with a dual or single labelling method in 74 and 11 cases, respectively. All SNs were analysed by both H&E staining and immunohistochemistry. Presumed stage before surgery was assessed for all patients based on MR imaging features using the 1988 FIGO classification and the 2009 FIGO classification.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>An SN was detected in 88.2% of cases (75/85 women). Among the fourteen patients with lymph node metastases one-half were detected by serial sectioning and immunohistochemical analysis. There were no false negative case. Using the 1988 FIGO classification and the 2009 FIGO classification, the correlation between preoperative MRI staging and final histology was moderate with Kappa = 0.24 and Kappa = 0.45, respectively. None of the patients with grade 1 endometrioid carcinoma on biopsy and IA 2009 FIGO stage on MR imaging exhibited positive SN. In patients with grade 2-3 endometrioid carcinoma and stage IA on MR imaging, the rate of positive SN reached 16.6% with an incidence of micrometastases of 50%.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The present study suggests that sentinel node biopsy is an adequate technique to evaluate lymph node status. The use of the 2009 FIGO classification increases the accuracy of MR imaging to stage patients with early stages of endometrial cancer and contributes to clarify the indication of SN biopsy according to tumour grade and histological type.</p

L1CAM in Early-Stage Type I Endometrial Cancer: Results of a Large Multicenter Evaluation

Contains fulltext : 124525.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)BACKGROUND: Despite the excellent prognosis of Federation Internationale de Gynecologie et d'Obstetrique (FIGO) stage I, type I endometrial cancers, a substantial number of patients experience recurrence and die from this disease. We analyzed the value of immunohistochemical L1CAM determination to predict clinical outcome. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective multicenter cohort study to determine expression of L1CAM by immunohistochemistry in 1021 endometrial cancer specimens. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard model were applied for survival and multivariable analyses. A machine-learning approach was used to validate variables for predicting recurrence and death. RESULTS: Of 1021 included cancers, 17.7% were rated L1CAM-positive. Of these L1CAM-positive cancers, 51.4% recurred during follow-up compared with 2.9% L1CAM-negative cancers. Patients bearing L1CAM-positive cancers had poorer disease-free and overall survival (two-sided Log-rank P < .001). Multivariable analyses revealed an increase in the likelihood of recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] = 16.33; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 10.55 to 25.28) and death (HR = 15.01; 95% CI = 9.28 to 24.26). In the L1CAM-negative cancers FIGO stage I subdivision, grading and risk assessment were irrelevant for predicting disease-free and overall survival. The prognostic relevance of these parameters was related strictly to L1CAM positivity. A classification and regression decision tree (CRT)identified L1CAM as the best variable for predicting recurrence (sensitivity = 0.74; specificity = 0.91) and death (sensitivity = 0.77; specificity = 0.89). CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, L1CAM has been shown to be the best-ever published prognostic factor in FIGO stage I, type I endometrial cancers and shows clear superiority over the standardly used multifactor risk score. L1CAM expression in type I cancers indicates the need for adjuvant treatment. This adhesion molecule might serve as a treatment target for the fully humanized anti-L1CAM antibody currently under development for clinical use

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field