Fast Integration of Hardware Accelerators for Dynamically Reconfigurable Architecture

International audienceDynamic reconfiguration of hardware resources is increasingly used in applications as a way to increase performances, resources integration or energy efficiency. As this evolution induces a change of the application execution paradigm, various tools have been set up to develop and manage these applications. But most do not allow direct re-use of legacy code, needing adaptation to match the provided environment. Moreover, partial reconfiguration is only at its early stages, and lacks easy ways of handling. We propose a design methodology and a runtime environment bringing fast integration of legacy hardware accelerators for partial and dynamic reconfigurable hardware architectures. Thanks to it, applications making use of dynamic hardware can be run directly on an Embedded Linux without noticing the reconfiguration flow. Moreover, our design methodology allows providing various implementations of a computation kernel, including both hardware and software ones. The implementation can then be chosen at execution time depending on available resources. In this article, we introduce the generic IP interface description making the re-use process possible. Furthermore, we present the results of a sample application running on our platform using software and hardware implementations. For hardware implementations, we obtain reconfiguration overhead as low as 0.16\% of the total kernel execution time

Identification and assessment of variable single-copy orthologous (SCO) nuclear loci for low-level phylogenomics: a case study in the genus Rosa (Rosaceae)

International audienceBackground: With an ever-growing number of published genomes, many low levels of the Tree of Life now contain several species with enough molecular data to perform shallow-scale phylogenomic studies. Moving away from using just a few universal phylogenetic markers, we can now target thousands of other loci to decipher taxa relationships. Making the best possible selection of informative sequences regarding the taxa studied has emerged as a new issue. Here, we developed a general procedure to mine genomic data, looking for orthologous single-copy loci capable of deciphering phylogenetic relationships below the generic rank. To develop our strategy, we chose the genus Rosa, a rapid-evolving lineage of the Rosaceae family in which several species genomes have recently been sequenced. We also compared our loci to conventional plastid markers, commonly used for phylogenetic inference in this genus

Endometrial cancer in elderly women: which disease, which surgical management? A systematic review of the literature

International audienceObjective: Endometrial cancer primarily affects elderly women. The aim of the present literature review is to define the population of elderly women with this disease and to define the characteristics of this cancer in elderly people as well as its surgical treatment. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of the English-language literature of the last 20 years indexed in the PubMed database. Results Endometrial cancer is more aggressive in elderly women. However, surgical staging performed in elderly patients is often not concomitant with the disease’s aggressiveness in this group. Mini-invasive surgery is performed less often, for no obvious reason. Of note, oncogeriatric evaluation was not usually ruled out to determine the most appropriate surgical modality. Conclusion: Studies are needed to evaluate surgical management of endometrial cancer in elderly women, notably with the aid of oncogeriatric scores to predict surgical morbidity

L'immunothérapie dans le cancer épithélial de l'ovaire : entre espoir et réalité [Immunotherapy in epithelial ovarian carcinoma: hope and reality]

National audienceLe cancer épithélial de l'ovaire (CEO) présente un pronostic sombre avec depuis deux décennies des progrès très modestes en terme de gain de survie. L'immunologie, longtemps négligée dans le CEO, apparait maintenant central dans l'histoire naturelle de cette maladie cancéreuse. L'objet de cette revue est une mise au point sur l'état des connaissances sur l'immunologie dans le CEO et la potentielle place de l'immunothérapie dans son traitement futur. Matériel et méthodes : Interrogation de la base de données MedLine en utilisant les mots clés : " Ovarian carinoma, immunotherapy, T lymphocyte, regulator T lymphocyte, dendritic cells, macrophage, antigen, chemotherapy, surgery, clinical trials ". Nous avons retenu les éléments pertinents pour la compréhension de l'immunologie du CEO, de la place des traitements conventionnels et des stratégies d'immunothérapie à partir des articles de langue anglaise et française. Résultats : L'infiltration intra-tumorale par des cellules immunitaires conditionnent de manière majeure le pronostic du CEO. Les traitements traditionnels du CEO que sont la chirurgie et la chimiothérapie diminuent l'immunosuppression de la patiente. L'immunologie est l'une des composantes de l'action thérapeutique de la chimiothérapie et de la chirurgie. L'immunothérapie après des résultats décevants est à l'aube d'une révolution thérapeutique en cancérologie par l'arrivée de drogue ciblant le microenvironnement tumoral tolérogène. Conclusion : L'immunologie conditionne l'histoire naturelle du CEO. La modulation de l'immunosuppression associée à une stimulation de l'immunité antitumorale est probablement l'une des prochaines révolutions thérapeutiques en cancérologie. Summary: Introduction: Epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) has a worst prognosis with little progress in term of survival for the last two decades. Immunology received little interest in EOC in the past, but now appears very important in the natural history of this cancer. This review is an EOC immunology state of art and focuses on the place of immunotherapy in future. Material and methods: A systematic review of published studies was performed. Medline baseline interrogation was performed with the following keywords: " Ovarian carinoma, immunotherapy, T lymphocyte, regulator T lymphocyte, dendritic cells, macrophage, antigen, chemotherapy, surgery, clinical trials ". Identified publications (English or French) were assessed for the understanding of EOC immunology and the place of conventional treatment and immunotherapy strategy. Results: Intratumoral infiltration by immune cells is a strong prognosis factor in EOC. Surgery and chemotherapy in EOC decrease imunosuppression in patients. The antitumoral immunity is a part of the therapeutic action of surgery and chemotherapy. Until now, immunotherapy gave some disappointing results, but the new drugs that target the tolerogenic tumoral microenvironnement rise and give a new hope in the treatment of cancer. Conclusion: Immunology controls the EOC natural history. The modulation of immunosuppressive microenvironment associated with the stimulation of antitumoral immunity could be the next revolution in the treatment of cancer

Détection d'anomalies dans des images de tunnels par forêts d'arbres aléatoires ou par apprentissage profond

International audienceTunnel maintenance requires a complicated and restrictive visual inspection. In order to automate this task, we propose to evaluate and compare three statistical learning algorithms, one random forest and two convolutional networks , dedicated to the detection of anomalies (e.g. cracks) on tunnel linings. Each model is trained on two databases of our own, from images of concrete walls and masonry walls. We show that they are competitive with the state of the art on this application domain.La maintenance des tunnels requiert une inspection visuelle lourde et contraignante. Dans le but d'automatiser cette tâche, nous proposons d'évaluer et de comparer trois algorithmes d'apprentissage statistique, une forêt aléatoire et deux réseaux convolutifs, dédiés à la détection d'anomalies (e.g. des fissures) sur les parements des tunnels. Chaque modèle est entraîné sur deux banques de données créées par nos soins, à partir d'images de parois en béton et de parois en maçonnerie. On montre qu'ils permettent tout trois d'atteindre le niveau de l'état de l'art sur ce domaine applicatif

Report of a case of systemic amyloidosis in a horse

Les amyloïdoses sont un groupe de maladies dont la caractéristique commune est le dépôt d’une substance amyloïde dans le milieu extracellulaire. L’amyloïdose est le plus souvent de type AA ou AL selon le type de protéine à l’origine du dépôt (respectivement la protéine SAA ou les chaînes légères des immunoglobulines). On distingue des formes généralisées et localisées d’amyloïdose en fonction de la distribution de la substance dans les tissus ou organes. Les formes généralisées, les plus courantes chez le cheval, sont les amyloïdoses de type AA dont l’évolution est secondaire à un processus inflammatoire chronique. Les formes localisées chez le cheval sont quant à elles plus souvent de type AL. Nous présentons ici un cas original d’amyloïdose généralisée, probablement de type AA, diagnostiqué à l’autopsie, secondaire à un processus infectieux chronique sous-cutané et osseux.Amyloidosis is a group of disorders characterized by extracellular deposits of amyloid in various tissues and organs. According to the type of protein deposited amyloidosis can be an amyloid light chain amyloidosis (deposit of immunoglobulin light chain) or an amyloid A amyloidosis (deposit of serum amyloid A protein). Amyloidosis is localized or systemic based on tissue distribution. Systemic amyloidosis in horses is mostly an amyloid A amyloidosis secondary to chronic inflammation or infection. Localized amyloidosis in horses corresponds mainly to an amyloid light chain amyloidosis. We present here a case of systemic amyloidosis, probably an amyloid A amyloidosis, diagnosed at necropsy, secondary to a chronic subcutaneous and osseous infection

Separation between coherent and turbulent fluctuations. What can we learn from the Empirical Mode Decomposition?

The performances of a new data processing technique, namely the Empirical Mode Decomposition, are evaluated on a fully developed turbulent velocity signal perturbed by a numerical forcing which mimics a long-period flapping. First, we introduce a "resemblance" criterion to discriminate between the polluted and the unpolluted modes extracted from the perturbed velocity signal by means of the Empirical Mode Decomposition algorithm. A rejection procedure, playing, somehow, the role of a high-pass filter, is then designed in order to infer the original velocity signal from the perturbed one. The quality of this recovering procedure is extensively evaluated in the case of a "mono-component" perturbation (sine wave) by varying both the amplitude and the frequency of the perturbation. An excellent agreement between the recovered and the reference velocity signals is found, even though some discrepancies are observed when the perturbation frequency overlaps the frequency range corresponding to the energy-containing eddies as emphasized by both the energy spectrum and the structure functions. Finally, our recovering procedure is successfully performed on a time-dependent perturbation (linear chirp) covering a broad range of frequencies.Comment: 23 pages, 13 figures, submitted to Experiments in Fluid

X-ray diagnostics of dodecane jet in spray A conditions using the new one shot engine (NOSE)

[EN] Quantifying liquid mass distribution data in the dense near nozzle area to develop and optimize diesel spray by optical diagnostic is challenging. Optical methods, while providing valuable information, have intrinsic limitations due to the strong scattering of visible light at gas-liquid boundaries. Because of the high density of the droplets near the nozzle, most optical methods are ineffective in this area and prevent the acquisition of reliable quantitative data. X-ray diagnostics offer a solution to this issue, since the main interaction between the fuel and the X-rays is absorption, rather than scattering, thus X-ray technique offers an appealing alternative to optical techniques for studying fuel sprays. Over the last decade, x-ray radiography experiments have demonstrated the ability to perform quantitative measurements in complex sprays. In the present work, an X-ray technique based on X-ray absorption has been conducted to perform measurements in dodecane fuel spray injected from a single-hole nozzle at high injection pressure and high temperature. The working fluid has been doped with DPX 9 containing a Cerium additive, which acts as a contrast agent. The first step of this work was to address the effect of this dopant, which increases the sensitivity of X-ray diagnostics due its strong photon absorption, on the behavior and the physical characteristics of n-dodecane spray. Comparisons of the diffused back illumination images acquired from ndodecane spray with and without DPX 9 under similar operating conditions show several significant differences. The current data show clearly that the liquid penetration length is different when DPX 9 is mixed with dodecane. To address this problem, the dodecane was doped with a several quantities of DPX containing 25% ± 0.5 of Cerium. Experiments show that 1.25% of Ce doesn’t affect the behaviour of spray. Radiography and density measurements at ambient pressure and 60 bars are presented. Spray cone angle around 5° is obtained. The obtained data shows that the result is a compromise between the concentration of dopant for which the physical characteristics of the spray do not change and the visualization of the jet by X-ray for this concentration.This work is supported by ANR Research National Agency (ECN-France project). I.C. is supported by ANR PLANEX ANR-11-EQPX-0036-01.The authors would like to thank Thierry Seguelong for DPX9 supply and Gilles Bruneaux for scientific discussions.Chiboud, I.; Arjouche, H.; Nilaphai, O.; Dozias, S.; Moreau, B.; Hespel, C.; Foucher, F.... (2017). X-ray diagnostics of dodecane jet in spray A conditions using the new one shot engine (NOSE). En Ilass Europe. 28th european conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 755-762. https://doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4705OCS75576

Multi-domain industrial benchmarks for eddy-current modelling: the COFREND working group

9 pagesInternational audienceDescription of the COFREND working group dedicated to the multi-domain industrial benchmarks for eddy-current modelling and some of their configurations

Groupe de travail COFEND sur la simulation des END par courants de Foucault – Bilan d'activités

National audienceAs an answer to one of the main concerns expressed by the attendees of the first COFREND technical meeting on eddy current NDE simulation held on October 19, 2004, the "eddy current modelling" COFREND Working Group has oriented its activities towards the definition and resolution of benchmark problems, starting from the beginning of 2005.The aim of the Working Group is to define benchmark problems representative of actual industrial issues and uncovered by existing benchmarks. The proposed problems must, as much as possible, be simple (an exact description of the actual industrial problem is not advised) and have complete and accessible descriptive and experimental data. They are meant to be granted a public access and to be open to a resolution by any applicant code.At the present time, the Working Group has defined 4 benchmarks inspired by issues from aerospace and nuclear industries, as well as from laboratory trials, and is studying other proposals. The first resolution examples are presented for two of them, implying both finite element and semi-analytic codes.En réponse à l'une des préoccupations exprimées par les participants à la première journée technique de la COFREND sur la simulation des END par courants de Foucault, le 19 Octobre 2004, le groupe de travail COFREND "modélisation courants de Foucault" a orienté ses activités vers la définition et la résolution de cas-tests (ou "benchmarking") à partir de début 2005.L'objectif du groupe de travail est de définir des cas-tests représentatifs de problématiques industrielles non couvertes par les cas-tests connus de la bibliographie. Les problèmes proposés doivent autant que possible être relativement simples (la description exacte du problème industriel n'est pas recommandée) et disposer de données descriptives et expérimentales complètes et accessibles. Ils ont pour but d'être rendus publics et ouverts à la résolution de tout code de calcul candidat.Actuellement, le groupe de travail a défini 4 cas-tests inspirés de problématiques issues des industries aéronautiques et nucléaires, ainsi que d'essais de laboratoire, et il étudie d'autres propositions. Des premiers exemples de résolution sont présentés pour deux d'entre eux, en utilisant des codes faisant appel aux éléments finis et aux méthodes semi-analytiques