Resisting “Blackness” Muslim Arab Sudanese in the Diaspora

Muslim Arab Sudanese consider light-coloured skin attractive and upper class, but in Egypt and the UK Sudanese refugees and migrants are considered “black”; in each country Sudanese Arab Muslims have developed different strategies to cope with this situation. While Egyptian racial categories demand association with the dominant, light skinned majority, in the UK the Sudanese aspire to neither the white majority nor black identity

Making homes in limbo? A conceptual framework

This article aims to conceptualize home and homemaking for people in protracted displacement. The article serves three purposes: to present an overview of the area of inquiry; to develop an analytical framework for understanding home and homemaking for forced migrants in protracted displacement; and to introduce the special issue. It explores how protracted displacement has been defined—from policy definitions to people’s experiences of protractedness, including “waiting” and “the permanence of temporariness.” The article identifies the ambivalence embedded in experiences and practices of homemaking in long-term displacement, demonstrating how static notions of home and displacement might be unsettled. It achieves this through examining relationships between mobility and stasis, the material and symbolic, between the past, present, and future, and multiple places and scales. The article proposes a conceptual framework—a triadic constellation of home—that enables an analysis of home in different contexts of protracted displacement. The framework helps to explore home both as an idea and a practice, distinguishing among three elements: “home” as the dayto-day practices of homemaking, “Home” as representing values, traditions, memories, and feelings of home, and the broader political and historical contexts in which “HOME” is understood in the current global order and embedded in institutions. In conclusion, the article argues that a feminist and dynamic understanding of home-Home-HOME provides a more holistic perspective of making home in protracted displacement that promotes a more extensive and more sophisticated academic work, policies, and practices

Analytic frameworks for assessing dialogic argumentation in online learning environments

Over the last decade, researchers have developed sophisticated online learning environments to support students engaging in argumentation. This review first considers the range of functionalities incorporated within these online environments. The review then presents five categories of analytic frameworks focusing on (1) formal argumentation structure, (2) normative quality, (3) nature and function of contributions within the dialog, (4) epistemic nature of reasoning, and (5) patterns and trajectories of participant interaction. Example analytic frameworks from each category are presented in detail rich enough to illustrate their nature and structure. This rich detail is intended to facilitate researchers’ identification of possible frameworks to draw upon in developing or adopting analytic methods for their own work. Each framework is applied to a shared segment of student dialog to facilitate this illustration and comparison process. Synthetic discussions of each category consider the frameworks in light of the underlying theoretical perspectives on argumentation, pedagogical goals, and online environmental structures. Ultimately the review underscores the diversity of perspectives represented in this research, the importance of clearly specifying theoretical and environmental commitments throughout the process of developing or adopting an analytic framework, and the role of analytic frameworks in the future development of online learning environments for argumentation

Collaboration scripts - a conceptual analysis

This article presents a conceptual analysis of collaboration scripts used in face-to-face and computer-mediated collaborative learning. Collaboration scripts are scaffolds that aim to improve collaboration through structuring the interactive processes between two or more learning partners. Collaboration scripts consist of at least five components: (a) learning objectives, (b) type of activities, (c) sequencing, (d) role distribution, and (e) type of representation. These components serve as a basis for comparing prototypical collaboration script approaches for face-to-face vs. computer-mediated learning. As our analysis reveals, collaboration scripts for face-to-face learning often focus on supporting collaborators in engaging in activities that are specifically related to individual knowledge acquisition. Scripts for computer-mediated collaboration are typically concerned with facilitating communicative-coordinative processes that occur among group members. The two lines of research can be consolidated to facilitate the design of collaboration scripts, which both support participation and coordination, as well as induce learning activities closely related to individual knowledge acquisition and metacognition. In addition, research on collaboration scripts needs to consider the learners’ internal collaboration scripts as a further determinant of collaboration behavior. The article closes with the presentation of a conceptual framework incorporating both external and internal collaboration scripts

Household Factors Influencing Participation in Bird Feeding Activity: A National Scale Analysis

Ameliorating pressures on the ecological condition of the wider landscape outside of protected areas is a key focus of conservation initiatives in the developed world. In highly urbanized nations, domestic gardens can play a significant role in maintaining biodiversity and facilitating human-wildlife interactions, which benefit personal and societal health and well-being. The extent to which sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors are associated with engagement in wildlife gardening activities remain largely unresolved. Using two household-level survey datasets gathered from across Britain, we determine whether and how the socioeconomic background of a household influences participation in food provision for wild birds, the most popular and widespread form of human-wildlife interaction. A majority of households feed birds (64% across rural and urban areas in England, and 53% within five British study cities). House type, household size and the age of the head of the household were all important predictors of bird feeding, whereas gross annual household income, the occupation of the head of the household, and whether the house is owned or rented were not. In both surveys, the prevalence of bird feeding rose as house type became more detached and as the age of the head of the household increased. A clear, consistent pattern between households of varying size was less evident. When regularity of food provision was examined in the study cities, just 29% of households provided food at least once a week. The proportion of households regularly feeding birds was positively related to the age of the head of the household, but declined with gross annual income. As concerns grow about the lack of engagement between people and the natural environment, such findings are important if conservation organizations are successfully to promote public participation in wildlife gardening specifically and environmentally beneficial behaviour in society more generally

dispersal and reception in northern italy comparing systems along the brenner route

In the last decades, policy restrictions and practices at national and local levels have curtailed the rights of seekers and holders of international protection, thus impacting on their lives and on the territories they transit through. This is particularly evident in border contexts. Various border areas have gradually transformed into internal hotspots, with increasing border enforcement. This includes Brenner, situated at the border between Italy and Austria. In the wider Brenner route area, particularly in the nearby Italian cities of Verona, Trento and Bolzano, "spaces of transit" have emerged and both public and humanitarian actors have been "forced" to deal with it. This chapter draws upon the work of the multilevel governance of migration (Caponio and Borkert 2010), and on the proliferation of borders (Mezzadra and Neilson 2016), to present a comparative analysis of the reception scenario in these three cities. By building on qualitative data analysis (legal analysis of policy documents, content analysis of interviews and newspaper articles), it discusses to what extent and how the respective local systems of reception have managed to cater for migrants that transit through them. Similarities and differences are pointed out, as well as the relevance of factors such as geographical proximity in influencing the respective approaches

Massachusetts family forests - Birth of a landowner cooperative

The story is as old as our profession: private lands, low-value species, a stagnant rural economy, development pressure, and loss of forests. A group of foresters and landowners is trying to reverse this cycle by forming a cooperative enterprise. This article summarizes our approach and experiences during the start-up phase. The overarching objective of Massachusetts Family Forests is to sustain or enhance the forest resources, rural character, and economy of our region

Radiographic Anatomy of the Lateral Ankle Ligament Complex: A Cadaveric Study

Category: Ankle; Sports Introduction/Purpose: Lateral ankle sprains are common orthopedic injuries that may progress on as chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI). Great care must be taken to restore precise anatomic relationships of the lateral ankle ligament complex (LALC) in the surgical management of CLAI. This study aimed to quantify the radiographic relationships between the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL), calcaneofibular ligament (CFL), and prominent osseous landmarks visible under fluoroscopy to assist in perioperative practices for minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for CLAI. Methods: Ten fresh frozen ankle specimens were dissected to expose the LALC and prepared by threading a radiopaque filament through the ligamentous footprints of the ATFL and CFL. Lateral ankle fluoroscopic images were obtained and digitally analyzed to define dimensional characteristics of the ATFL and CFL. Directional measurements of the ligamentous footprints relative to the lateral process of the talus and the apex of the posterior facet of the calcaneus were also calculated. Results: Dimensional measurements of the ATFL included a mean length of 9.3 mm, fibular footprint of 9.4 mm, and talar footprint of 9.1 mm. Dimensional measurements of the CFL included a mean length of 19.4 mm, fibular footprint of 8.2 mm, and calcaneal footprint of 7.3 mm. From the lateral process of the talus, the fibular attachment of the ATFL was found 13.3 mm superior and 4.4 mm posterior, while the talar attachment was found 11.5 mm superior and 4.8 mm anterior. From the apex of the posterior facet of the calcaneus, the fibular attachment of the CFL was found 0.2 mm inferior and 6.8 mm anterior, while the calcaneal attachment was found 14.3 mm inferior and 5.9 mm posterior. Conclusion: The ATFL and CFL were radiographically analyzed in a unique manner and localized in reference to two prominent osseous landmarks. These findings may assist in perioperative practices for keyhole incision placement and arthroscopic guidance

Crossing of cyclotron and spin resonances in a 2D electron gas

We compare anticrossing of the cyclotron and spin resonances in spin-polarized and non-polarized phases of the degenerate two-dimensional Coulomb gas subjected to a strong tilted magnetic field. The spin-orbit coupling splits these resonances into three lines with the gaps between them exactly equal to delta2n+1 = v(so)p(F) and delta2n = v(so)p(F)/square-root 2 at odd- and even- integer filling factors, respectively. The 1/square-root 2 difference between delta2n and delta2n+1 comes from the existence of an additional spin-density wave excitation in the polarized phase of interacting electrons at nu = 2n and can be treated as a means to indicate the re-entrance of the system into it