Spat nursery of the American oyster Crassostrea virginica with application of probiotic actinomycetes and homeopathic medicines

Se evaluó durante 30 días el efecto de actinobacterias probióticas y medicamentos homeopáticos, así como su combinación, sobre la condición fisiológica de juveniles tempranos de ostra Americana Crassostrea virginica durante su preengorda en laboratorio ostrícola comercial. En el diseño experimental se incluyeron cinco tratamientos: [T1 (Streptomyces sp. RL8), T2 (ViP 7C+ViA 7C), T3 (PhA 7C+SiT 7C), T4 (ViP 7C+ViA 7C+RL8), T5 (PhA 7C+SiT 7C+RL8)] y dos controles: [T6 (Etanol) y T7 (Agua Destilada)], con tres réplicas cada uno. Como variables fisiológicas de respuesta se evaluó el Índice de Glándula Digestiva (IGD) y el Índice Muscular (IM). Al concluir el bioensayo (T30) se observó un valor mayor promedio del IGD en los juveniles que recibieron los tratamientos T3, T4 y T5, así como diferencias con relación al IM, con valores máximos en los que recibieron T3, T5, y T6. Estos resultados demuestran que el uso de actinomicetos probióticos y de medicamentos homeopáticos tienen aplicabilidad productiva para mejorar la condición fisiológica y desempeño de C. virginica, con potencial efecto positivo en su rendimiento biológico y económico durante la preengorda de semillas en laboratorio y su cultivo en mar.The effect of probiotic actinobacteria and homeopathic medicines, as well as their combination, on the physiological condition of early juveniles of American oyster Crassostrea virginica during their nursing in a commercial oyster laboratory was evaluated for 30 days. Five treatments were included in the experimental design: [T1 (Streptomyces sp. RL8), T2 (ViP 7C + VIA 7C), T3 (PhA 7C + SIT 7C), T4 (ViP 7C + VIA 7C + RL8), T5 (PhA 7C + SIT 7C + RL8)] and two controls: [T6 (Ethanol) and T7 (Distilled Water)], with three replicates each. As physiological response variables, the Digestive Gland Index (IGD) and the Muscular Index (MI) were evaluated. At the end of the bioassay (T30), a higher average value of the IGD was observed in juveniles that received the treatments T3, T4 and T5, as well as differences in relation to the MI, with maximum values in juveniles that received T3, T5, and T6. These results demonstrate that the use of probiotic actinomycetes and homeopathic medicines has productive applicability to improve the physiological condition and performance in C. virginica, with a positive potential effect on their biological and economic performance during hatchery-nursery stage and sea farming. &nbsp

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-transient genetic transformation of Habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) leaf explants

Most of the pepper species of the genus Capsicum have been recalcitrant to efficient Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated stable or transient, genetic transformation. In the present work, we optimized a protocol for transient transformation of the Habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) through the standardization of several experimental factors. These included the age of the plants, the temperature, the length of co-cultivation, the application of a negative (vacuum) and/or a positive (infiltration) pressure, along with micro injection, the use of acetosyringone during the bacterial culturing, and modification of the pH during the GUS assay to eliminate the endogenous \u3b2-glucuronidase activity. The standardized protocol, which yielded nearly 55% fully transformed leaf explants, was used to successfully mobilize two empty binary vectors (pCAMBIA2301 and pCAMex), as well as the C. chinense cDNAs encoding the pathogenesis-related protein 10 and esterase, respectively

Aquacultural Homoeopathy: A Focus on Marine Species

Homoeopathy is an alternative medical system proposed by Samuel Hahnemann in the eighteenth century. It uses highly diluted and agitated substances that derived from plants, minerals or animals, which have shown to be effective in human medicine, agronomy, veterinary, and as a novelty, in marine aquaculture. Aquacultural homoeopathy has developed rapidly in recent years, partially motivated by the misuse of powerful drugs (hormones, antibiotics, disinfectants) that when solving a problem generate undesirable side effects. In the last 10 years, scientific articles have been published on its application in freshwater fish native to Brazil, obtaining beneficial effects on growth, survival, hepatosomatic index, development of muscle fibres and lipid content in muscle. At Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR, Mexico: www.cibnor.mx), we have studied the effects of homoeopathy to improve the culture of economically important marine species of molluscs, fish and shrimp. In this chapter, we show a selection of different research with preliminary or advanced results, related to the use of homoeopathy and its impact on zootechnic, biochemical, genomic and transcriptomic parameters in marine molluscs, fish and crustaceans. The results obtained suggest that homoeopathy is an eco-friendly alternative applicable in aquaculture industry to improve various productive and health aspects

Efecto antifúngico de la cepa de Streptomyces sp. RL8 y su acción promotora en la germinación y crecimiento inicial del frijol Tépari (Phaseolus acutifolius Gray)

La cepa Streptomyces sp. RL8 fue caracterizada en base a su actividad antagónica frente a hongos fitopatógenos, solubilización de fosfatos, producción de sideróforos, y su efecto en la germinación y crecimiento inicial in vitro de frijol Tépari (Phaseolus acutifolius Gray), bajo condiciones controladas. Se aplicó un diseño experimental completamente al azar con un tratamiento bacteriano basado en RL8 (T) y agua destilada como tratamiento Control (C), con cuatro réplicas por tratamiento y 10 semillas por réplica. Las variables de respuesta estudiadas fueron el porcentaje y tasa de germinación (PG y TG), longitud de tallo y de raíz (LT y LR), biomasa fresca y seca de parte aérea (BFPA y BSPA) y biomasa fresca y seca de raíz (BFR y BSR). RL8 mostró actividad antagónica frente a cuatro fitopatógenos de los cinco evaluados, promovió la producción de sideróforos y la solubilización de fosfatos. A escala experimental se observaron diferencias significativas con respecto al grupo control en PG (65.83 vs 30%), TG (4.16 vs 2.25), LT (3.81 vs 1.65 cm) y LR (5.61 vs 2.13 cm), BFPA (2736.75 vs 18.46.75 mg), BSPA (608.75 vs 361.5 mg), BFR (347.0 vs 115.75 mg) y BSR (101.25 vs 58.25 mg). Estos resultados confirman un efecto positivo de RL8 en la germinación y crecimiento inicial de Phaseolus acutifolius Gray, revelando su potencialidad para ser utilizada en su cultivo orgánico o tradicional. Se sugiere su aplicación a escala piloto y su evaluación como alternativa de producción agroecológica en invernadero y en campo

Ultra-diluted bioactive compounds enhance energy storage and oocyte quality during gonad conditioning of Pacific calico scallop Argopecten ventricosus (Sowerby II, 1842)

WOS:000591249000001Ultra-diluted bioactive compounds have emerged as an alternative to enhance marine organism performance and to improve broodstock gonad maturation. This study evaluated for the first time the effect of three homeopathically ultra-diluted bioactive compounds (HUBC's) authorized by the health authority as medicines for humans, on the general reproductive physiology of Argopecten ventricosus, a commercially important scallop species. The experiment included three HUBC's treatments at centesimal dilution assessed in triplicate under laboratory conditions, T1: PaV-30C + PhA-30C, T2: PaV-30C + SiT-30C, and T3: ViT-30C, and a non-treated field reference group (FRG) maintained in aquaculture facilities as reference. The bioenergetics of scallop reproduction and oocyte quality increased with the three HUBC treatments, but particularly in those treated with T2. The organisms treated with T3 showed not only the highest proliferation of vitellogenic and post-vitellogenic oocytes but also the greatest oxidative damage in tissues and oocytes. In contrast, the scallops from T1 and T2 showed less oxidative damage. The results suggest that ultra-diluted formula T2 is a potential alternative to optimize A. ventricosus gonad ripening, food-nutrient management and oocyte quality because although T3 allowed accelerating the gametogenesis process, it increased oxidative damage. This study could help to improve gonad broodstock condition and larval yield of this species in hatcheries

Efecto de medicamentos homeopáticos de uso humano en reproductores de ostión Americano Crassostrea virginica: Effect of homeopathic medicines in Crassostrea virginica broodstock

En laboratorio ostrícola comercial (Centro Ostrícola Tecnológico de Tabasco, COTET-México), se evaluó el efecto de medicamentos homeopáticos autorizados para uso humano por la Secretaría de Salud de México y productos homeopáticos diseñados por el CIBNOR (Patente en trámite), en adultos reproductores de ostión Americano Crassostrea virginica. La respuesta fisiológica se cuantificó mediante la frecuencia de estadios de desarrollo gonádico (%) en hembras y machos en un periodo de 30 días. En el diseño experimental se consideró una muestra inicial (T0), dos tratamientos homeopáticos [T1 (ViP-7C + ViA-7C), T2 (PhA- 7C + SiT-7C)] y un tratamiento control T3 (Agua Destilada). Al concluir el bioensayo (T30), los reproductores que recibieron tratamiento homeopático, fueron capaces de desovar y producir larvas viables

Transcriptome analysis of Catarina scallop (Argopecten ventricosus) juveniles treated with highly-diluted immunomodulatory compounds reveals activation of non-self-recognition system.

Marine bivalve hatchery productivity is continuously challenged by apparition and propagation of new diseases, mainly those related to vibriosis. Disinfectants and antibiotics are frequently overused to prevent pathogen presence, generating a potential negative impact on the environment. Recently, the use of highly diluted compounds with immunostimulant properties in marine organisms has been trailed successfully to activate the self-protection mechanisms of marine bivalves. Despite their potential as immunostimulants, little is known about their way of action. To understand their effect, a comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed with Argopecten ventricosus juveniles. The experimental design consisted of four treatments formulated from pathogenic Vibrio lysates at two dilutions: [(T1) Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus 1D; (T2) V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus 7C]; minerals [(T3) PhA+SiT 7C], scorpion venom [(T4) ViT 31C]; and one control (C1) hydro-alcoholic solution (ethanol 1%). The RNA sequencing (RNAseq) analysis showed a higher modulation of differentially expressed genes (DEG) in mantle tissue compared to gill tissue. The scallops that showed a higher number of DEG related to immune response in mantle tissue corresponded to T1 (V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus lysate) and T3 (Silicea terra® - Phosphoric acid®). The transcriptome analysis allowed understanding some interactions between A. ventricosus juveniles and highly-diluted treatments

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-transient genetic transformation of Habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) leaf explants

Most of the pepper species of the genus Capsicum have been recalcitrant to efficient Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated stable or transient, genetic transformation. In the present work, we optimized a protocol for transient transformation of the Habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) through the standardization of several experimental factors. These included the age of the plants, the temperature, the length of co-cultivation, the application of a negative (vacuum) and/or a positive (infiltration) pressure, along with micro injection, the use of acetosyringone during the bacterial culturing, and modification of the pH during the GUS assay to eliminate the endogenous β-glucuronidase activity. The standardized protocol, which yielded nearly 55% fully transformed leaf explants, was used to successfully mobilize two empty binary vectors (pCAMBIA2301 and pCAMex), as well as the C. chinense cDNAs encoding the pathogenesis-related protein 10 and esterase, respectively