Clinical And Radiographic Evaluation Of Elbows From Spinal Cord Injuried Patients

To evaluate clinically and radiologically the elbows of spinal cord injured patients and compare them to the control group. Methods: Twenty patients (10 paraplegics and 10 tetraplegics) were clinically evaluated through assessment of pain scale, measurement of active and passive range of motion, degree of muscle strength and MEPS score. They were also submitted to bilateral plain radiography of the elbows. Both groups were compared to the control group. Results: Four paraplegic and three tetraplegic patients referred mild to moderate, sporadic and motion related pain. The control group was asymptomatic. No statistic significant difference was found in passive range of motion among the three groups. The tetraplegic group showed a lower active range of motion as well as lower MEPS score as compared to the control group. Equal number of patients in the spinal cord injured patients had radiological abnormalities, but those were more severe in the tetraplegic group. Conclusion: Spinal cord injured patients presented clinical and radiological elbow abnormalities, which were more evident on tetraplegics.242778

Educação popular e movimentos antiespecistas: desvelando o especismo em livros didáticos

Popular education and antiespecist movements: unveiling speciesm in textbooksResumoEsse texto apresenta resultados de pesquisa de mestrado em educação que objetivou desvelar o dito e o não dito em discursos de livros didáticos voltados aos 4º e 5º anos do ensino fundamental no tocante ao conceito de especismo. Com base no referencial da Educação Popular e da Análise de Discurso, buscou-se identificar perspectivas de enunciação empregadas nos livros, a fim de verificar como discursos especistas constituem sua formação ideológica nesses materiais. Os resultados sugerem a prevalência de formações discursivas especistas e o silenciamento de informações sobre as transformações dos “recursos” animais para obtenção de produtos e os impactos ambientais resultantes. Problematiza-se, ainda, o antropocentrismo quando este é empregado para legitimar a exploração de espécies não humanas, colocando-o em diálogo com vozes e leituras de mundo dos movimentos sociais antiespecistas.Palavras-chave: Educação popular. Especismo. Livro didático. AbstractThe aim of this study was to understand the said and unsaid regarding the speciesism concept in the 4th and 5th grade elementary school textbooks. Taking as reference the Popular Education and the Discourse Analysis, we sought to identify the enunciation applied in the books in order to verify whether specific discourses on this subject contributes to the ideological formation. The results revealed the existence of Discursive Formations on speciesism, and Silences about the transformations related to animal resources to obtain products and their environmental impacts. Anthropocentrism is also a problematic subject, if it is applied to legitimize the exploitation of nonhuman species, placing it in dialogue with speeches and readings of anti-speciesism social movements.Keywords: Popular education. Speciesism. Textbook

Inserções tibiais do ligamento cruzado posterior: anatomia topográfica e estudo morfométrico

ResumoObjetivoDescrever o formato, a localização e as medidas das inserções tibiais do ligamento cruzado posterior (LCP) para ajudar o cirurgião a criar túneis tibiais anatômicos, durante a reconstrução cirúrgica desse ligamento.Materiais e métodosEstudamos a anatomia topográfica e a morfometria das inserções tibiais do LCP em 24 peças anatômicas de joelhos. Fotografamos as inserções ligamentares nas peças anatômicas com uma câmera digital e usamos programa Image J para medir a área de inserção das bandas, em milímetros quadrados, e as distâncias entre pontos significativos, em milímetros.ResultadosEm 54,2% dos joelhos o formato das inserções foi côncavo; na maioria das peças (41,6%) o formato da inserção foi oval. A área média total da inserção tibial do LCP foi de 88,33 ± 21,66 mm2; a área média da inserção tibial da banda anterolateral (AL) foi de 46,79 ± 14,10 mm2 e da banda posteromedial (PM), de 41,54 ± 9,75 mm2.ConclusõesA banda AL tem uma área de inserção tibial maior do que a PM; as áreas de inserção dessas bandas em nosso estudo foram menores do que as encontradas na literatura. As variações da área de inserção tibial do LCP sugerem que deve haver indicação para reconstruções anatômicas desse ligamento com o uso do túnel tibial único ou duplo, de acordo com as características individuais.AbstractObjectiveTo provide anatomical and morphometric basis of the posterior cruciate ligament's tibial insertions in order to assist the creation of anatomical tibial tunnels, in the ligament surgical reconstruction.Material and methodsThe topographic anatomy and morphometry of the posterior cruciate ligament's anterolateral and posteromedial bundles’ tibial insertions were analyzed in 24 anatomical knee pieces. The pieces were photographed by a digital camera and the images obtained were studied by the software ImageJ, where the bundles’ insertion areas were measured in square millimeters, and the length of structures and the distances between significant points were measured in millimeters.ResultsIn 54.2% of the knees the insertion’ shape was concave; in most pieces (41.6%) the form of insertion was oval. The average posterior cruciate ligament's tibial insertion total area was 88.33 ± 21.66 mm2; the average anterolateral bundle's tibial insertion area was 46.79 ± 14.10 mm2 and it was 41.54 ± 9.75 mm2 for the posteromedial bundle.ConclusionsThe anterolateral bundle has a tibial insertion area larger than the posteromedial bundle; the insertion areas of those bundles in our study, were smaller than the ones found in the literature. The variations in the posterior cruciate ligament's tibial insertion area suggest that there should be an indication for anatomical reconstructions of this ligament using single or double tibial tunnels according to individual characteristics

Evaluation of the impact of orally administered carbohydrates on postprandial blood glucose levels in different pre-clinical models

We developed a pre-clinical model in which to evaluate the impact of orally administered carbohydrates on postprandial blood glucose levels. For this purpose, we compared the effects of different carbohydrates with well-established glycemic indexes. We orally administered (gavage) increasing amounts (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 g/kg) of sucrose and lactose to rats which had been fasted for 6 h or 15 h, respectively. In part of the experiments we administered frutose (gavagem). Three different models were compared for measuring postprandial blood glucose levels: a) evaluation of interstitial glucose concentrations by using a real time continuous glucose monitoring system; b) evaluation of glucose levels in blood obtained from the rat tail; c) evaluation of serum glucose levels in blood collected after decapitation. Our results showed that blood obtained from the tails of 15-h fasted rats was the best model in which to evaluate the effect of carbohydrates on postprandial blood glucose levels

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Animal Models: Applications on Translational Research

Over the history of humankind, knowledge acquisition regarding the human body, health, and the development of new biomedical techniques have run through some animal model at some level. The mouse model has been primarily used as the role model for a long time; however, it is severely hampered regarding its feasibility for translational outcomes, in particular, to preclinical and clinical studies. Herein we aim to discuss how induced pluripotent stem cells generated from non-human primates, pigs and dogs, all well-known as adequate large biomedical models, associated or not with gene editing tools, can be used as models on in vivo or in vitro translational research, specifically on regenerative medicine, drug screening, and stem cell therapy

Biossegurança na Odontologia

A prática da odontologia abrange grande variedade de procedimentos, que podem incluir desde um simples exame clínico até uma cirurgia mais complexa. Estes procedimentos geralmente implicam em contato com secreções da cavidade bucal como saliva, sangue, secreções purulentas, respiratórias e aerossóis. O risco de transmissão de patógenos importantes tem despertado grande preocupação devido ao risco de exposição do paciente, do profissional e da equipe odontológica. Assim, recomenda-se que precauções padronizadas sejam utilizadas durante a rotina de tratamentos odontológicos. Deste modo, realizou-se este estudo com o objetivo de abordar aspectos importantes no controle dos fatores de risco à infecção cruzada na prática odontológica

Hybrid capture II and PapilloCheck® tests for detection of anal high-risk human papillomavirus

Introduction: This study evaluated the level of concordance between hybrid capture II (HCII) and PapilloCheck® for the detection of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) in anal samples. Methods: Anal cell samples collected from 42 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)+ patients were analyzed. Results: Considering only the 13 high-risk HPV types that are detectable by both tests, HCII was positive for 52.3% of the samples, and PapilloCheck® was positive for 52.3%. The level of concordance was 80.9% (Kappa = 0.61). Conclusions: Good concordance was observed between the tests for the detection of high-risk HPV

Functional characterization of sugarcane mustang domesticated transposases and comparative diversity in sugarcane, rice, maize and sorghum

Transposable elements (TEs) account for a large portion of plant genomes, particularly in grasses, in which they correspond to 50%-80% of the genomic content. TEs have recently been shown to be a source of new genes and new regulatory networks. The most striking contribution of TEs is referred as "molecular domestication", by which the element coding sequence loses its movement capacity and acquires cellular function. Recently, domesticated transposases known as mustang and derived from the Mutator element have been described in sugarcane. In order to improve our understanding of the function of these proteins, we identified mustang genes from Sorghum bicolor and Zea mays and performed a phenetic analysis to assess the diversity and evolutionary history of this gene family. This analysis identified orthologous groups and showed that mustang genes are highly conserved in grass genomes. We also explored the transcriptional activity of sugarcane mustang genes in heterologous and homologous systems. These genes were found to be ubiquitously transcribed, with shoot apical meristem having the highest expression levels, and were downregulated by phytohormones. Together, these findings suggest the possible involvement of mustang proteins in the maintenance of hormonal homeostasis.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), BrazilCNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico, Brazil)FAPESP (Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo, Brazil)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), BrazilCNPqCNPqFAPESPFAPES

Accessing dementia care in Brazil: an analysis of case vignettes

Background and Objectives Despite the rapid increase in the number of people living with dementia in Brazil, dementia care is limited. This study describes how people living with dementia and their carers access care, treatment, and support, and identifies what characteristics are likely to enable or prevent access. Research Design and Methods We created 10 vignettes to illustrate fictitious but realistic scenarios involving people living with dementia in Brazil. The vignettes explore a combination of socioeconomic and demographic variables. They were completed using an in-depth desk review of the dementia care landscape in Brazil; a Strengths, Opportunities, Weaknesses, and Threats (SWOT) analysis of the desk review; and expert knowledge. The analysis focused on identifying common sources of service provision, barriers of access to care and support, and specific issues experienced by some population groups. Findings Access to a dementia diagnosis, care, and support for people living with dementia in Brazil is limited. Demographic and socio-economic circumstances play a role in determining the type of services to which a person might have access. Poor knowledge about dementia, lack of capacity in the health system, and lack of formal long-term care support are among the identified barriers to accessing timely diagnosis, care, and support in the country. Discussion and Implications Understanding the barriers and facilitators of access to diagnosis, treatment, and support for people with dementia and families with different demographic and socioeconomic characteristics is crucial for designing dementia policies that are context-specific and responsive to the care needs of different socioeconomic groups in Brazil