Witch Pamphlets

The witch hysteria that overtook Christian Europe during the Early Modern era inspired a mass paranoia over the conspiratorial belief that the Abrahamic religion’s personification of the world’s evils, also known as Satan, the Devil, demons, or Lucifer interchangeably, was attempting to rise up and cause harm to Christian communities during this time period. It was believed that in order to achieve this goal the Christian version of the Devil had been recruiting humans within Christian communities and turning these chosen humans into witches by granting them the ability to wield magical powers to spread their destruction, murder, and terror amongst their own neighbors and families. Over the course of the late sixteenth and seventeenth century in England, the impact of the witch hysteria resulted in the publication of illustrated witchcraft pamphlets through London’s printing houses, where news of witch trials would be recounted in detail. When compared against illustrations from other English pamphlets published during this same time period, the witchcraft pamphlets stand out as distinctly different through their portrayal of female witches as caricatures with the heavy visual symbolism representing the believed malicious capabilities that witches possessed against society. A comparison of witchcraft pamphlets against other pamphlets printed in different genres and countries also showcases the hypocrisies in which the witchcraft illustrations that are supposed to be presenting the sins of witches has been tamed down, with the witches always being portrayed as fully clothed despite the text going into detail on the accused sexual perversions of the witches, which indicates the printing houses had taken marketing into account. Likewise depictions of female witches versus male witches in illustrations show the female witches as ugly caricatures wearing lower-class clothing, while male witches are shown wearing garments of a higher class, and holding higher positions in society. These items point to witchcraft hysteria being partly fueled through the lucrative marketability of people’s fear, with the knowledge that an illustration should aim toward a balance of subtle symbolism of the maliciousness of witches so as to not put English readers off from buying the printer’s pamphlets

Evaluation of the force generated by gradual deflection of 0.016-inch NiTi and stainless steel orthodontic wires in self-ligating metallic and esthetic brackets

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the deflection forces of 0.016-inch Nitinol and stainless steel orthodontic wires, in association to different self-ligating brackets. Specimens were mounted in a clinical simulation model and evaluated in a Universal Testing Machine (INSTRON 3342), using a 10N load cell and ISO 15,841, as a protocol. Eight of these models were prepared, each one for the bonding of each set of self-ligating accessories to be tested: Damon Q, Damon Clear (Ormco), In-Ovation R, In-Ovation C (GAC), BioQuick, QuickClear (Forestadent), SmartClip and Clarity SL (3M). Data were subjected to One-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey tests (P<0.05). Elastic deflection results showed that the deactivation forces increased with increase in wire deflection in the different brackets evaluated. For the different combinations, Clarity SL generated the greatest force and Damon Clear presented the lowest force when compared to the other brackets in all alloys and deflections. BioQuick and QuicKlear were those with the most similar behavior with each other. Strength values increased with gradual increase in wire deflection in all evaluated brackets. Clarity SL generated the greatest and Damon Clear the lowest force when compared to the other brackets in all alloys and deflections tested

Water sorption and solubility of different calcium hydroxide cements

OBJECTIVES: Calcium hydroxide cements have been largely used in deep cavities due to their abilities to stimulate dentin formation. However, their resistance can be relatively low and their solubility relatively high, in many instances. This study evaluated water sorption and solubility of different calcium hydroxide cements, in order to show alterations that may reduce their effectiveness. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Five discs (20 mm in diameter and 1.5 mm thick) of three different materials (Biocal®, Dycal® and Hidro C®) were prepared with the aid of a ring-shaped metallic matrix. After being stored at 37ºC for 24 h, the discs were weighed on a precision weight scale, dehydrated and weighed again. Immediately after weighing, discs were stored for a week in 50 mL of distilled water at 37ºC and, then, weighed again, dehydrated and submitted to a new weighing. The loss of soluble material and its water sorption was obtained from the difference between the initial and the final dry mass of each disc, after 1 week of immersion in water. Data were analyzed for significant differences by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p<0.05). RESULTS: Mean water sorption values (g) ± standard deviation and percentage (%), for each evaluated cement, were: Biocal® (0.006 ± 0.001 / 2.15); Dycal® (0.016 ± 0.004 / 5.49); and Hidro C® (0.025 ± 0.003 / 8.27). Mean solubility values (g) ± standard deviation and percentage (%), for each evaluated cement, were: Biocal® (0.002 ± 0.001 / 0.72); Dycal® (0.013 ± 0.004 / 4.21); and Hidro C® (0.023 ± 0.004 / 7.65). CONCLUSIONS: Biocal® absorbed less water and was less soluble than the other evaluated cements; Hidro C® exhibited the highest water sorption and solubility values; and there were significant differences among all evaluated experimental groups

Process philosophy’s potential contributions to innovation process research within organization studies

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss process philosophy’s potential contributions to understanding and investigation of innovation processes associated with organizational contexts. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is a theoretical piece that examines the concept of process philosophy by relating it to the relevant literature and use of examples. Findings – In particular, the authors develop some ideas and encourage future discussion around two aspects: process philosophy-oriented conceptualizations of innovation processes and process philosophyoriented methods of investigation about innovation processes. The authors conclude that more process philosophy-oriented research of innovation processes must be conceptually multidimensional and methodologically performative. Originality/value – There is a recent claim about a “process turn” within organization studies, which is partly represented by attempts to develop and apply a deeper meaning of process. The presentation of the concept is novel, and does add to the literature. These aspects provide clarification regarding implications of thinking and enquiring procedurally into innovation processes

Glass ionomer cements and their role in the restoration of non-carious cervical lesions

Glass ionomer based materials are clinically popular in several areas of restorative dentistry, but restoration of cervical lesions has proven particularly successful. Various etiologies, conformations, locations and structural characteristics make non-carious cervical lesions more challenging to adhesive restorative procedures and marginal seal in the long run. Due to their characteristics, glass ionomer cements (GICs) have precise indication for these cases. Moreover, the use of a GIC base underneath composite resin, the so-called "sandwich" or mixed technique, allows associating the good characteristics of composite resins and GICs, and has been considered quite useful in the restoration of non-carious cervical defects. The aim of this paper is to critically review the literature and discuss peculiar features of GICs regarding their role in the restoration of non-carious cervical lesions

Estratégia como prática na prática

Este artigo destina-se a todos os praticantes de estratégia, tais como administradores, gerentes, proprietários de pequenas empresas que lidam com estratégias no dia-a-dia ainda que inconscientemente. Estes últimos quem sabe, nunca se preocuparam ou pararam para pensar como é realizado o seu processo de estratégia e, dificilmente, tiveram tempo de ler algo a respeito do assunto. Esta pesquisa destina-se também aos demais interessados em conhecer um pouco, ou pelo menos o caminho para aprender mais a respeito deste mundo tão extenso que é a estratégia como prática. Para o desenvolvimento deste ensaio foi realizado um estudo de caso em uma oficina mecânica localizada em Curitiba, especializada em determinada marca de caminhões. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada com o proprietário da empresa e analisados por meio de análise de conteúdo. O objetivo deste artigo foi conhecer como se realiza a estratégia na prática de uma pequena empresa. Contudo, não houve aprofundamento específico de nenhum tópico, mesmo porque o assunto é muito complexo para ser abordado de maneira exaustiva em uma pesquisa desta natureza. Entretanto, pretende-se de forma pretensiosa, abrir novos caminhos para futuros estudos sobre a perspectiva da estratégia como prática.Palavras-chave: Estratégia. Formação e formulação da estratégia. Deliberada. Emergente

Water sorption and solubility of different calcium hydroxide cements

OBJECTIVES: Calcium hydroxide cements have been largely used in deep cavities due to their abilities to stimulate dentin formation. However, their resistance can be relatively low and their solubility relatively high, in many instances. This study evaluated water sorption and solubility of different calcium hydroxide cements, in order to show alterations that may reduce their effectiveness. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Five discs (20 mm in diameter and 1.5 mm thick) of three different materials (Biocal®, Dycal® and Hidro C®) were prepared with the aid of a ring-shaped metallic matrix. After being stored at 37ºC for 24 h, the discs were weighed on a precision weight scale, dehydrated and weighed again. Immediately after weighing, discs were stored for a week in 50 mL of distilled water at 37ºC and, then, weighed again, dehydrated and submitted to a new weighing. The loss of soluble material and its water sorption was obtained from the difference between the initial and the final dry mass of each disc, after 1 week of immersion in water. Data were analyzed for significant differences by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (

Efeito de um primer para metais sobre a força de união da interface metal-resina

Para avaliar o efeito de diferentes tratamentos superficiais sobre a resistência ao cisalhamento da união entre uma liga metálica (Co-Cr-Mo - Remanium CD) e um cimento resinoso (Rely X TM) e analisar o tipo de fratura durante a separação dos espécimes, quarenta pares de discos metálicos foram fundidos, regularizados e polidos, submetidos a quatro ciclos térmicos (vácuo, 960&ordm;C, 8 minutos) e divididos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos. Cada grupo recebeu um tipo de tratamento: Grupo PSP: Polimento com lixa d'água N&ordm; 600; Grupo PCP: Polimento com lixa 600 e aplicação do condicionador metálico Alloy Primer (Kuraray); Grupo JSP: Jato de óxido de alumínio de 100µm, e Grupo JCP: Jato de óxido de alumínio de 100mm, e aplicação do Alloy Primer. Os grupos foram cimentados e armazenados em água destilada a 37&ordm;C por 36 horas e submetidos ao ensaio de resistência ao cisalhamento. A média e o desvio padrão (em kgf/cm²) obtidos para cada grupo foram: PSP 4,0/0,4; PCP 88,9/33,6; JSP 163,2/27,6; JCP 144,5/54,0. Após a análise estatística os autores concluíram que: os maiores valores foram produzidos pelos grupos jateados (JSP, JCP), independentemente da aplicação do primer; o Alloy Primer aumentou a retentividade entre o cimento Rely X e a superfície polida da liga de Co-Cr-Mo, entretanto sua força de união não superou a alcançada através do jateamento; todos os espécimes apresentaram falha adesiva na interface testada.To evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on shear bond strength between a metallic alloy (Co-Cr-Mo - Remanium CD) and a resin cement (Rely X TM) and to evaluate the mode of fracture after testing, forty couples of metallic-alloy disks were melted, regularized, polished, submitted to four thermal cycles (Vacuum, 960&ordm;C, 8 minutes) and randomly separated into four groups. Each group received a different type of treatment: Group PSP: Polished with sandpaper 600; Group PCP: Polished with sandpaper 600 and application of the metal primer Alloy Primer (Kuraray); Group JSP: Sandblasted with 100µm aluminum oxide; Group JCP: Sandblasted with 100mm aluminum oxide and treated with a metal Primer. The groups were cemented and stored in distilled water at 37&ordm;C for 36 hours and submitted to the shear bond strength test. The mean and standard deviation (in Kgf/cm²) obtained for each group was: PSP 4.0/0.4; PCP 88.9/33.6; JSP 163.2/27.6; JCP 144.5/54.0. After the statistical analysis the authors concluded that: the highest values were obtained for the sandblasted groups (JSP, JCP), regardless of the primer application; the Alloy Primer increased the retention between the Rely X cement and the polished surface of the Co-Cr-Mo alloy, yet its bond strength was not greater than that obtained with sandblasting; all specimens showed adhesive failures in the tested interface

Espaço de Acolhimento e Comercialização Venturin

Resumo não disponíve

Os direitos sucessórios do cônjuge sobrevivente casado pelo regime da separação convencional de bens

Monografia apresentada ao Setor de Pós-graduação da Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense- UNESC, para a obtenção do título de Especialista em Direito Público.Este trabalho trata dos direitos sucessórios do cônjuge sobrevivente casado pelo regime da separação convencional de bens. Assim, o objetivo geral deste estudo foi verificar o direito sucessório dos cônjuges sobreviventes casados pelo regime da separação convencional de bens e as consequências no direito sucessório. Por fim, concluiu-se que, embora existam controvérsias acerca deste tema, o cônjuge sobrevivente, quando casado pelo regime da separação de bens, mediante pacto antenupcial, está amparado para ser concorrente com os descendentes à herança do de cujus, conforme a lei, a doutrina e a jurisprudência predominante