Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Relações entre crescimento vegetativo e acúmulo de nitrogênio em duas cultivares de arroz com arquiteturas contrastantes The relationship between vegetative growth and nitrogen accumulation in two rice cultivars with contrasting architecture

Foram estudados, mediante análise do crescimento, o acúmulo de biomassa e nitrogênio (N) e sua eficiência de utilização, durante o estádio de crescimento vegetativo, em duas cultivares de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) com arquiteturas contrastantes: IAC-4440, cultivar do grupo moderno para inundação, e Comum Branco, cultivar local rústica de sequeiro. Em experimento com solução nutritiva, foram efetuadas sete coletas, dos 25 aos 85 dias de crescimento, quando foram quantificados a área foliar, a massa seca e o conteúdo de N nas porções vegetativas. A cultivar IAC apresentou maiores valores de biomassa na fase inicial do crescimento, enquanto Comum Branco maiores valores na fase final do experimento. IAC-4440 teve maiores área foliar, área foliar específica e relação raiz: parte aérea do que Comum Branco. As cultivares tiveram o mesmo acúmulo total de N, mas Comum Branco apresentou valores superiores na taxa de assimilação líquida e na taxa de utilização específica de N, indicando melhor utilização do N absorvido. As maiores taxas de crescimento de Comum Branco estiveram associadas aos seus maiores teores de N por unidade de área foliar, mas não aos teores de N por unidade de massa foliar, superiores em IAC-4440. Os resultados indicam que uma cultivar local rústica de arroz pode servir como fonte de eficiência para utilização de N.<br>Accumulation of biomass and nitrogen (N) during the vegetative growth stage and N utilization efficiency were evaluated using plant growth analysis in two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars with contrasting architecture: IAC-4440, a modern lowland cultivar, and Comum Branco, a rustic upland cultivar. An experiment with nutrient solution involved seven harvests that took place in the 25 to 85 growth-days period, where leaf area, dry mass, and N content in vegetative plant parts were measured. Cultivar IAC had higher biomass at the beginning of the growth cycle, whereas Comum Branco had higher values at the end of the experiment. IAC-4440 had greater leaf area, specific leaf area and root-to-shoot ratio than Comum Branco. The cultivars accumulated the same amount of N, but Comum Branco showed greater net assimilation rate and specific N utilization rate, indicating greater utilization of the N absorbed. Higher growth rates of Comum Branco were associated with higher N concentration per unit leaf area, but not with N concentration per unit leaf mass which were superior in IAC-4440. These results indicate that a local rustic cultivar of rice can provide a source of N utilization efficiency