Effect of ultrasonic, thermal and ozone pre-treatments on waste activated sludge solubilisation and anaerobic biodegradability

In order to enhance the efficiency of anaerobic digestion, the effects of ultrasounds, ozonation and thermal pre-treatment have been studied on waste activated sludge. The feature of this study was to carry out the comparison of the three pre-treatments in the same conditions and on the same sludge sample. Each treatment was tested in two conditions close to optimum conditions to maximise batch anaerobic sludge biodegradability. All treatments led to chemical oxygen demand and matter solubilisation and had little influence on mineral matter. In terms of solubilisation thermal pre-treatment was better than sonication or ozonation. But, in terms of batch anaerobic biodegradability, best results were obtained with ultrasounds with an energy of 6250 or 9350 kJ/kg TS and a thermal treatment at 170 or 190°C. Moreover, treatments had effects on physicochemical characteristics of sludge samples: apparent viscosity decreased after all treatments but the reduction was more important with thermal treatment. Median diameter of sludge flocs were reduced after sonication, increased after thermal treatment and did not change after ozonation. Finally, capillary suction time (CST) increased after ozonation, increased highly after sonication and was reduced after thermal treatmen

InPACSITrustIn PACS I Trust

Counter/negative campaigning against Sam from Foes of Farr.https://digitalcommons.csumb.edu/samfarr_campaign/1013/thumbnail.jp

Weeks of Welcome - PME Session I (Fall 2020)

Two activities, 5 Cs’ and 4 Corners, were conducted with IMSA Sophomores and PME facilitators. The activities each ended with a discussion in breakout rooms on their corresponding activity.https://digitalcommons.imsa.edu/pme/1002/thumbnail.jp

Complex Systems and the Price-Resource Directive Coordination Procedure

In this thesis, the problem considered is that of linear static optimization of a large system which is composed of a finite number of subsystems, each characterized by its own constraint matrix and objective function. The total system is itself constrained by resource availabilities and other factors, and its objective function is the mathematical linear sum of the objective function of the subsystems. The total system constraints couple together all the subsystems. The total system is first reformulated as a two-level problem by decoupling the total system constraints utilizing an arbitrary partition of the total system resources and other factors according to the number of subsystems. At the upper level we have a so-called central problem having as an objective function the sum of the optima of the subsystems achieved for any given partition and constrained by the total available resources and other factors which can be partitioned. At the lower level we have the subproblems which are small-dimension linear programming problems parameterized on the right-hand side of the part of the constraints which resulted from the decoupling of the total system constraints. The resources vector of each subproblem\u27s set of constraints contains the system common resources allocated to it by the central problem. Different allocations of these resources to each subsystem create multiparametric optimization problems for which we have solution methods. The subsystem solutions become functions of the central system allocation policies. Therefore, the major concern for optimization of the whole system is the discovery of the optimum allocation policy. The method that we introduce finds the optimum allocation policy in a finite number of different allocation iterations. The major steps in the development are the discovery that the minimal (in case of multiple solutions) shadow prices of the subsystems are equal at optimality to the central system shadow prices, and that a coordination of the subsystems for the purpose of achieving optimality of the total system can be organized by utilizing the concave relationships governing the subsystem shadow prices versus the resources allocated to these subsystems. The method offers significant computational and conceptual advantages over present decomposition techniques, since it disposes with the solution of a central problem and the subproblems at each iteration and substitutes instead a simple coordination operation and subsystem parametric optimization at each iteration after the first, where a full solution of the subsystems takes place

Crescimento compensatório do camarão-branco Litopenaeus Vannamei (Boone, 1931) no extremo Sul do Brasil

Dissertação(mestrado)-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós–Graduação em Aqüicultura, Instituto de Oceanografia, 2008.O presente trabalho avaliou a ocorrência de crescimento compensatório do camarão-branco Litopenaeus vannamei submetido a longo período de berçário em elevada taxa de estocagem e exposto às baixas temperaturas de final de inverno e começo de primavera, no sul do Brasil. Camarões foram criados em dois sistemas de cultivo diferentes: o tratamento denominado “crescimento compensatório” (CC) avaliou desempenho de crescimento dos camarões mantidos em berçário durante 145 dias, em densidade de estocagem de 2000 camarões /m² durante o inverno num tanque de 20 m² sem sistema de aquecimento; e o tratamento controle, aqui denominado “crescimento normal” (CN) onde os camarões foram mantidos em um tanque berçário idêntico, na mesma densidade, mas por um período de 16 dias, no final da primavera, quando a temperatura aumentou. A sobrevivência e o peso médio depois do período de berçário foi respectivamente 79,7% e 0,64 0,31g para o tratamento CC e de 93,0% e 0,36 0,09g para o tratamento CN. Os camarões foram então transferidos para quatro viveiros de engorda, revestidos por PEAD (duas repetições por tratamento) e criados por 101 dias até a colheita. Durante o período de engorda, a cada 18 dias, cinqüenta indivíduos foram coletados aleatoriamente de cada viveiro e foram pesados individualmente em balança com precisão de 0,01g. Na despesca, a biomassa final de cada viveiro foi anotada e 100 camarões de cada viveiro foram individualmente pesados para determinar o peso final e a taxa de sobrevivência. Adicionalmente, a taxa específica de crescimento (TEC), a taxa de crescimento semanal (TCS) e percentagem de crescimento semanal (PCS) foram calculadas para cada viveiro. Os dados coletados foram submetidos à análise estatística de comparação de médias (teste-T). Os resultados mostraram que os camarões criados no tratamento CC alcançaram um peso médio final significativamente maior (p<0,05) que os camarões do tratamento controle (CN). A TEC na primeira biometria foi significativamente maior nos camarões criados no tratamento CC, posteriormente os camarões do tratamento controle tiveram maior TEC. Os resultados do experimento demonstram claramente que camarões mantidos em um longo período de tempo no berçário, em altas densidades de estocagem e expostos a baixas temperaturas mostraram crescimento compensatório durante o início do período de engorda. Os resultados podem ajudar no aprimoramento das práticas de manejo empregadas em fazendas de produção de camarões através da melhor utilização de suas instalações.The present work evaluated the occurrence of compensatory growth of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei submitted to long nursery culture period at high stocking density and exposed to winter and early spring low temperatures, in Southern Brazil. Shrimp were reared in two different culture systems: the treatment denominated “compensatory" growth (CC) evaluate the growout performance of shrimp nursed during 145 days at density of 2000 shrimp/m2 during winter season in a 20m² nursery tank without heating system; in the control treatment, here denominated “normal growth” (CN) shrimp were reared in an identical nursery tank at the same density, but for a period of 16 days during late spring, when temperature is warmer. Shrimp survival and mean weight after nursery period was respectively 79.7% and 0.640.31g for treatment CC and of 93% and 0.360.09g for treatment CN. Shrimp were then transferred to four lined growout ponds (two replicates per treatment) and reared during 101 days until harvest. During growout, about every 18 days, fifty shrimp were randomly sampled from each pond and their wet weight was individually measured to the nearest 0.01g. At harvest, final biomass from each pond was measured and 100 shrimp from each pond was individually weighted to determined mean final weight and estimate survival. Additionally, specific growth rate (SGR), weekly growth rate (WGR) and weekly percent growth (WPC) was calculated from each replicate pond. Statistical analysis of the collected data was performed using t-test (p<0.05). Results showed that shrimp reared in the treatment CC achieved a significantly higher mean final weight (p<0.05) than shrimp from the control treatment CN. The SGR at the beginning (first two and a half weeks) of the experiment was also significantly higher for shrimp reared in the CC treatment; afterwards, shrimp from the control treatment had a higher SGR. The results of the experiment clearly demonstrated that shrimp reared for a longer nursery period at high densities and exposed to lower temperatures showed a compensatory growth during the beginning of the growout phase. These results can help management practices employed in shrimp farms through better use of facilities

Reproductive Rights Reformation

Across the US, reproductive health is neglected in mainstream health education and insurance for women of all ages.Though it’s easy to get stuck debating the morality of abortion, the legality has been indisputable since Roe v Wade. Abortion is extremely prevalent in society, as there are roughly 12 abortions for every 1,000 women between the ages of 15 and 44. Planned Parenthood caters to 2.4 million patients annually. With this importance of sexual health care in society, proper reproductive education is essential. However, only 13 states in the US require medically accurate information in their school sexual education programs. Major flaws such as this in sexual education poses a critical issue to society. By implementing sexual education programming at IMSA, we can counter the indifference to reproductive health in education. Giving access to full, comprehensive information on a wide range of health topics, including those typically thought to be unnecessary or too mature, will ensure that students know how to access the health care they need, and have the truly accurate information to know when issues arise

Otimização do aproveitamento da irradiância difusa em sistemas de rastreamento solar

TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Engenharia Eletrônica.Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia de otimização para sistemas de rastreamento solar de um eixo, com foco em realizar a otimização da geração de energia em condições de predominância da irradiância difusa. O objetivo do trabalho foi propor e validar um algoritmo de simples implementação, utilizando apenas um sensor de irradiância e bibliotecas ‘open-source’ para execução dos cálculos necessários. A metodologia foi aplicada em uma usina solar fotovoltaica de escala industrial localizada no Espírito Santo, possibilitada pela parceria de uma empresa do setor com o laboratório Fotovoltaica – UFSC. A atuação do algoritmo consiste no monitoramento da condição de irradiância global local comparada com a irradiância global de céu limpo para a mesma localidade, sendo determinado o índice de claridade (KC). Caso este esteja abaixo do limiar de 0,3 com uma persistência maior do que 7 minutos, a movimentação dos módulos fotovoltaicos para a horizontal é acionada. O algoritmo desenvolvido foi aplicado em um dos 10 diferentes grupos presentes na usina solar, sendo os resultados determinados a partir da análise comparativa entre o grupo otimizado e os demais grupos, com um algoritmo padrão de rastreamento. Durante o processo, avaliação do posicionamento dos rastreadores foram analisados para confirmar o correto funcionamento deles, como também a avaliação de diferença intrínseca entre os diferentes grupos. Ao todo, 73 dias foram considerados válidos para a análise e geraram resultados com um aumento diário de até 5,94% na geração de energia, a média para o período analisado foi o aumento de 0,41% na energia gerada. Conclui-se que o algoritmo proposto gera resultados energéticos relevantes para a indústria fotovoltaica, com baixo custo de implementação e alta aplicabilidade prática, contribuindo para o aumento do desempenho dos sistemas fotovoltaicos

ANALISIS KINERJA KEUANGAN PADA PERUM BULOG KANWIL NTT

Information on the financial performance of Perum BULOG NTT Regional Office in the value of a company's financial level can be done by analyzing the company's financial statements. Knowing the company's financial condition is in good condition, various analyzes can be carried out, one of which is ratio analysis. The purpose of this study was to determine the financial performance of the Perum BULOG Regional Office of NTT by looking at the last two years before Covid 19 and two years of the occurrence of Covid 19.The analytical method used is descriptive analysis with a quantitative approach using the ratio of liquidity, profitability, activity and solvency. Data obtained from Perum BULOG NTT Regional Office from 2017 to 2020.Based on the average liquidity ratio Current Ratiois 38.07% and the Cash Ratio is 126%. The average solvency ratio of own capital to total assets is 37.64 %. The average activity ratio of Inventory Trun Over (ITO) is 127.5 %, total assets are trunt over (TATO) 9.08% and Average Collection Periods (ACP) is 395%. Profitability Ratio Return On Investment (ROI) 8, 98% and Return On Equity (ROE) 24.95%. The description above can be concluded that the company's financial performance is in a healthy condition with category

DE BEM COM A VIDA 10ª EDIÇÃO

Fundação Universitária de Rio Grande- FUR

KEKUATAN HUKUM KUITANSI SEBAGAI ALAT BUKTI PEMBAYARAN DALAM PROSES JUAL BELI HAK ATAS TANAH YANG BELUM BERSETIFIKAT DI KABUPATEN ROTE NDAO

Sejak berlakunya ketentuan UUPA, maka perbuatan hukum jual beli tanah tidak lagi dibuat di hadapan Kepala Adat atau Kepala Desa secara dibawah tangan, melainkan dihadapan pejabat yang berwenang yaitu seorang Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT). Dalam pasal 19 ayat (1) UUPA yang mengatur tentang pendaftaran tanah menyatakan untuk menjamin kepastian hukumdi seluruh wilayah indonesia maka dilakukan pendaftaran tanah. Lalu dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 tahun 1997 pasal 5, 6 dan 7 dikatakan pendaftaran tanah dilakukan oleh kepala pertanahan nasional dibantu oleh PPAT sebagai pejabat umum yang berwenang dalam membuat akta otentik peralihan hak atas tanah tersebut. Namun dalam kenyataannya di desa Busalangga Timur kabupaten Rote Ndao masih terdapat peralihan Hak Atas tanah tanpa melalui Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah yakni hanya dengan menggunakan bukti Kuitansi saja peralihan hak tanah tanah melalui jual beli sudah berpindah tangan. Sehingga timbul masalah bagaimana kekuatan hukum kuitansi sebagai alat bukti pembayaran yang sah dalam proses jual beli hak atas tanah yang belum bersertifikat di desa Busalangga Timur Rote Ndao dan apa akibat hukum jual beli hak atas tanah yang belum bersertifikat dengan menggunakan kuitansi dalam jual beli tanpa adanya akta dari PPAT. Penelitian tesis ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian peraturan perundang-undangan (statute Approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conseptual approach) Kekuatan hukum kuitansi tetap sah jika memenuhi unsur hukum adat dimana jual beli tersebut dilakukan dengan terang, tunai dan nyata (riil) Ditambah dengan masyarakat setempat juga tidak mempersoalkan jual beli tersebut. Akibat hukum jual beli hak atas tanah belum bersetifikat yang menggunakan kuitansi dalam jual beli tanpa adanya akta dari ppat adalah tidak sah jika jual beli tersebut tidak memenuhi unsur hukum adat yang harus terang, tunai dan nyata yang disaksikan oleh Kepala Adat, dan tetangga / kerabat yang berbatasan dengan obyek tanah yang diperjualbelikan Kata Kunci: Kuitansi, Hukum adat, jual beli tana