Preference for Liquidity of Agents: An Analyse of Brasilian Case

This work is meant to show the relevance of the role of money in explaining regional disparities. Points out that before the currency and the banks are incorporated theories of regional development, had two views on regional development, founded on a convergence of unequal growth and divergence in another, where the rates would become increasingly unequal. The literature on the regional economy have given little attention to financial variables and their role in regional development. In this context, the currency has received secondary treatment in the analysis of the regional economy, perhaps in the belief of some theorists in the neutrality of money in the long run, or others who have relied on the assumption of perfect interregional mobility of capital. However, this perspective has been changing in recent years, particularly in post-Keynesian agenda. Thus, we intend to examine the behavior of the public regarding the preference for liquidity in the face of regional characteristics and the financial instability and therefore demonstrate their relevance to explain the differences in regional economic development. To analyze the decision to demand money was used educational and behavioral aspects. The hypothesis that there is a financial concentration in regions with a lower liquidity preference was ratified. For this, the study was developed based on the analysis of units of the Brazilian federation. The database of the Central Bank, and Datasus allowed the use of the formula suggested by the literature pertinent to the them

Preference for Liquidity of Agents: An Analyse of Brasilian Case

This work is meant to show the relevance of the role of money in explaining regional disparities. Points out that before the currency and the banks are incorporated theories of regional development, had two views on regional development, founded on a convergence of unequal growth and divergence in another, where the rates would become increasingly unequal. The literature on the regional economy have given little attention to financial variables and their role in regional development. In this context, the currency has received secondary treatment in the analysis of the regional economy, perhaps in the belief of some theorists in the neutrality of money in the long run, or others who have relied on the assumption of perfect interregional mobility of capital. However, this perspective has been changing in recent years, particularly in post-Keynesian agenda. Thus, we intend to examine the behavior of the public regarding the preference for liquidity in the face of regional characteristics and the financial instability and therefore demonstrate their relevance to explain the differences in regional economic development. To analyze the decision to demand money was used educational and behavioral aspects. The hypothesis that there is a financial concentration in regions with a lower liquidity preference was ratified. For this, the study was developed based on the analysis of units of the Brazilian federation. The database of the Central Bank, and Datasus allowed the use of the formula suggested by the literature pertinent to the them

Billroth I Technique Application After Resection of Gastric Leiomyoma in a Dog

Background: Gastric neoplasia is rare, corresponding to less than 1% of cases, with a lower prevalence of those involving smooth muscle tissues. In these cases, clinical signs worsen in the occurrence of pyloric obstruction, leading to clinical manifestations such as chronic emesis. The exeresis of the neoplasm is promoted as a therapeutic measure to reestablish gastrointestinal flow. There partial gastrectomy followed by gastroduodenal anastomosis, using the Billroth I technique, is among the available surgical techniques. The therapeutic success of the Billroth I technique after pylorectomy was reported in a dog with gastric leiomyoma.Case: Canine, poodle, 9 years old, 9.5 kg, with a history of chronic vomiting starting three months ago, progressive weight loss, and melena, previously treated by another Veterinarian as idiopathic gastroenteritis. The physical evaluation of the animal showed a state of normal consciousness, body score 4/9, pale ocular and oral mucous membranes, respiratory rate 20 mpm, heart rate 166 bpm, a rectal temperature of 37.9 °C, and dehydration degree of 8.0%. Blood count showed normocytic normochromic anemia and leukocytosis with shift to the right. Radiographic and endoscopic examinations were not noteworthy. Endoscopic biopsy after a histopathological evaluation showed no cellular or tissue atypia. On the other hand, abdominal ultrasound assessment revealed thickening with loss of echotexture and definition of the muscular layer of the gastric wall, pyloric and duodenum region compatible with benign antral muscle hypertrophy and/or pyloric neoplasia. The animal worsened five days after the initial treatment, with progressive episodes of emesis and melena, opting for an exploratory laparotomy. A mass of firm consistency measuring approximately 2.5 × 6.0 cm in diameter was found in the pyloric region, opting for a pylorectomy. The excised fragment was sent for histopathological examination. Then, gastroduodenal anastomosis was performed using the Billroth I technique. After the surgery, a pasty diet was introduced orally, without using gastroenteric tubes. Dry food was offered ten days after the surgical procedure. The animal returned for clinical reevaluation on the fifteenth day and was clinically well. Histopathological examination revealed a diagnosis of gastric leiomyoma.Discussion: The casuistry of gastric neoplasia in dogs has a low incidence, with an occurrence of less than 1%, with adenocarcinoma being the most common type. However, there are less frequent reports of other gastric neoplasia, such as smooth muscle tumors. Abdominal ultrasonography is indicated for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal changes, proof of which ultrasonography was of paramount importance in this case. The surgical procedure of pylorectomy guaranteed a margin of one centimeter, meeting the principles of oncological surgery. Absorbable monofilament suture materials are the choice for the synthesis stage in hollow organs, being used in this case. The most-reported expected complications of gastrointestinal surgeries aiming at removing neoplasms are vomiting, anorexia, melena, hematochezia, hematemesis, necrosis with anastomotic ulceration, and, consequently, septic peritonitis, which were not reported in this case. The life expectancy of patients with gastric neoplasia is quite variable, with longer survival in cases of benign neoplasia. Therefore, the type of neoplasia in this case, together with the appropriate choice of therapy and the appropriate performance of the technique, was important for the good result achieved

Tecnologias e métodos que auxiliam na comunicação de surdocegos: uma revisão bibliográfica

Este artigo descreve a primeira análise de uma pesquisa bibliográfica que explora as abordagens dos trabalhos realizados na temática de deficiências múltiplas focado em pessoas com surdocegueira. Com a finalidade de identificar as tecnologias, as linguagens e os tipos de dispositivos utilizados na comunicação dos surdocegos e, que de alguma forma, auxiliem a sua educação. Como resultado inicial, identificou-se como principal linguagem para estabelecer a comunicação, o braile e suas derivações: bodybraile, fingerbraile, e uma predominância de recursos para a comunicação bidirecional na interação de indivíduos surdocegos. Foram poucos trabalhos que exploraram métodos ou recursos para aprendizagem

Warifteine therapeutic treatment reduced leukocyte recruitment and anxiety-like response in ovalbumin-induced allergic pulmonary inflammation / Tratamento terapêutico com warifteína reduz recrutamento de leucócitos e resposta semelhante á ansiedade na inflamação pulmonar alérgica induzida por ovalbumina

Pulmonary inflammation plays a fundamental role in the pathophysiology of allergic asthma, which is characterized by lower airway obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, tissue remodeling, recruitment of inflammatory cells, with a predominance of eosinophils, in addition to behavioral disorders such as anxiety. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the alkaloid warifteine, from the medicinal plant Cissampelos sympodialis, on anxiety-like behavior, respiratory frequency and leukocyte recruitment in an experimental model of allergic pulmonary inflammation. Swiss female mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) throughout the experimental protocol. The animals were treated orally with warifteine (2 mg / kg), subcutaneously with dexamethasone (2 mg / kg) or intraperitoneally with diazepam (1 mg / kg), 1 h after the OVA-challenges. On the last day of the antigenic challenge, the mice were tested for behavior using the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) and for respiratory rate using full body plethysmography. The following day, the mice were euthanized to collect the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and leukocyte count. The data obtained showed that OVA-sensitization induced a behavior similar to anxiety in mice since the EPM test showed that the OVA group increased the number of entries and the time spent in the closed arms (CA) of the apparatus and reduced these parameters in the open arms (OA) compared to the Salina group. Warifteine treatment reversed both parameters analyzed, increasing the time spent (p <0.0001) and number of entries (p <0.01) in OA, decreasing the time spent (p <0.01) and number of entries (p <0.0001) in the CA, similarly to dexamethasone and diazepam standard drugs. Warifteine also reduced the respiratory rate (p <0.01) compared to the OVA group. The behavioral and breathing changes of the tested animals showed a relationship with the increase in the total and differential inflammatory leukocyte number in the OVA group compared to the Saline group. Therapeutic treatment with warifteine decreased the inflammatory process, reducing the number of total cells (p <0.0001) dependent of eosinophils and neutrophils numbers (p <0.001), as well as the percentage of eosinophils (p <0.0001). These data show that therapeutic treatment with warifteine is able to inhibit anxiety-like behavior and respiratory rate, due to a mechanism related to the inhibition of eosinophilic migration in an experimental model of allergic pulmonary inflammation.Pulmonary inflammation plays a fundamental role in the pathophysiology of allergic asthma, which is characterized by lower airway obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, tissue remodeling, recruitment of inflammatory cells, with a predominance of eosinophils, in addition to behavioral disorders such as anxiety. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the alkaloid warifteine, from the medicinal plant Cissampelos sympodialis, on anxiety-like behavior, respiratory frequency and leukocyte recruitment in an experimental model of allergic pulmonary inflammation. Swiss female mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) throughout the experimental protocol. The animals were treated orally with warifteine (2 mg / kg), subcutaneously with dexamethasone (2 mg / kg) or intraperitoneally with diazepam (1 mg / kg), 1 h after the OVA-challenges. On the last day of the antigenic challenge, the mice were tested for behavior using the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) and for respiratory rate using full body plethysmography. The following day, the mice were euthanized to collect the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and leukocyte count. The data obtained showed that OVA-sensitization induced a behavior similar to anxiety in mice since the EPM test showed that the OVA group increased the number of entries and the time spent in the closed arms (CA) of the apparatus and reduced these parameters in the open arms (OA) compared to the Salina group. Warifteine treatment reversed both parameters analyzed, increasing the time spent (p <0.0001) and number of entries (p <0.01) in OA, decreasing the time spent (p <0.01) and number of entries (p <0.0001) in the CA, similarly to dexamethasone and diazepam standard drugs. Warifteine also reduced the respiratory rate (p <0.01) compared to the OVA group. The behavioral and breathing changes of the tested animals showed a relationship with the increase in the total and differential inflammatory leukocyte number in the OVA group compared to the Saline group. Therapeutic treatment with warifteine decreased the inflammatory process, reducing the number of total cells (p <0.0001) dependent of eosinophils and neutrophils numbers (p <0.001), as well as the percentage of eosinophils (p <0.0001). These data show that therapeutic treatment with warifteine is able to inhibit anxiety-like behavior and respiratory rate, due to a mechanism related to the inhibition of eosinophilic migration in an experimental model of allergic pulmonary inflammation

Saúde do idoso acamado com Alzheimer durante a pandemia da COVID-19: revisão integrativa: Health of the bedridden elderly person with Alzheimer's disease during the pandemic of COVID-19: an integrative review

INTRODUÇÃO: A saúde do idoso acamado com Alzheimer durante a pandemia da COVID-19 causou eventual incapacitação e sofrimento ao idoso, levando uma sobrecarga na família e dificuldade clínica aos cuidadores e equipe de enfermagem. OBJETIVO: Identificar na literatura as possibilidades da educação em saúde para pessoa idosa acamada com doença de Alzheimer (DA) na pandemia da COVID-19. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa nas bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS, SCIELO, através dos descritores “Idoso”, “Alzheimer”, “COVID-19” e “enfermagem”.RESULTADOS: Foram selecionados 06 artigos publicados entre os anos 2018 e 2022. Os resultados chamam a atenção para a prática de enfermagem precisando ser diferenciada a pessoa idosa acamada com Alzheimer que foram acometidas pelo isolamento social por motivo da COVID-19. DISCUSSÃO: Enfatizamos a necessidade de qualificação dos enfermeiros e cuidadores aos idosos acamados com Alzheimer, durante a pandemia por COVID-19, sugerindo não usar apenas fármacos como tratamento, mas, sim, introduzir outras terapias, principalmente com um olhar holístico e humanizado. CONCLUSÃO: Infere-se que os pacientes acamados com Alzheimer carecem de cuidados especiais da família e dos cuidadores. Destacando a primordial importância da equipe de enfermagem na assistência a esses pacientes expostos ao isolamento pela COVID-19, principalmente na melhoria da qualidade de vida, proporcionada com adequado planejamento e humanização

Prevalência do uso de drogas entre as gestantes

O uso de substâncias psicoativas, sendo estas lícitas ou ilícitas, por gestantes é uma prática cada vez mais recorrente na sociedade atual. Nessa perspectiva, a presente análise trata-se de uma mini revisão integrativa de literatura que teve como objetivo identificar dentre as drogas consumidas por mulheres grávidas, quais são as mais recorrentes, além de estimar a prevalência e os determinantes sociais e econômicos do uso de drogas em gestantes. Sabendo desse objetivo, foi avaliado os determinantes sociais que influenciam nesses vícios, como: idade, nível de escolaridade e nível de acompanhamento pré-natal. Por conseguinte, foram utilizados cinco artigos das bases de dados PUBMED e Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO), encontrados por meio dos descritores “illicit drugs in pregnant women”. Com base nisso, foi constatado que o etilismo e o tabagismo são as drogas com a maior prevalência e recorrência entre as gestantes e que os determinantes sociais que aumentam a probabilidade para essa situação são idade, tempo de estudo, influência familiar, falta de recurso e acompanhamento profissional. Logo, conclui-se que são necessários o aconselhamento e o acompanhamento médico com as gestantes a respeito do uso de entorpecentes durante a gravidez, a fim de que esta situação não seja ainda mais prevalente

Anorexia nervosa: do diagnóstico ao tratamento

This is an integrative review of the literature on anorexia nervosa, its clinical and epidemiological aspects, as well as the impact of this condition on the individual's life. This condition is characterized by an eating disorder in which the individual is underweight due to calorie restriction, fear of gaining weight and excessive concern about weight and body shape. It has a high mortality rate and is often associated with females and a younger age group. Diagnostic criteria are used to define the condition, which can coexist with other comorbidities. There is a need for a multidisciplinary team to intervene to improve patients' quality of life, as well as treatment aimed at the various aspects of this disorder.Apresenta-se uma revisão integrativa de literatura acerca da anorexia nervosa, seus aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos, bem como o impacto dessa condição na vida do indivíduo. Essa condição caracteriza-se por um transtorno alimentar em que o indivíduo apresenta baixo peso por restrição de ingesta calórica, medo de ganhar peso e preocupação excessiva com o peso e a forma corporal. Possui alto índice de mortalidade e está frequentemente associada com o sexo feminino e uma faixa etária mais jovem. Utilizam-se critérios diagnósticos para definir o quadro, que pode coexistir com outras comorbidades. Há necessidade de uma equipe multidisciplinar para intervir na melhoria e na qualidade de vida dos pacientes, assim como um tratamento voltado para os vários aspectos que esse transtorno apresenta