332 research outputs found
Pressure dependent electronic properties of MgO polymorphs: A first-principles study of Compton profiles and autocorrelation functions
The first-principles periodic linear combination of atomic orbitals method
within the framework of density functional theory implemented in the CRYSTAL06
code has been applied to explore effect of pressure on the Compton profiles and
autocorrelation functions of MgO. Calculations are performed for the B1, B2,
B3, B4, B8_1 and h-MgO polymorphs of MgO to compute lattice constants and bulk
moduli. The isothermal enthalpy calculations predict that B4 to B8_1, h-MgO to
B8_1, B3 to B2, B4 to B2 and h-MgO to B2 transitions take place at 2, 9, 37, 42
and 64 GPa respectively. The high pressure transitions B8_1 to B2 and B1 to B2
are found to occur at 340 and 410 GPa respectively. The pressure dependent
changes are observed largely in the valence electrons Compton profiles whereas
core profiles are almost independent of the pressure in all MgO polymorphs.
Increase in pressure results in broadening of the valence Compton profiles. The
principal maxima in the second derivative of Compton profiles shifts towards
high momentum side in all structures. Reorganization of momentum density in the
B1 to B2 structural phase transition is seen in the first and second
derivatives before and after the transition pressure. Features of the
autocorrelation functions shift towards lower r side with increment in
pressure.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Journal of Materials
Scienc
Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus as a Predominantly Healthcare-Associated Pathogen: A Possible Reversal of Roles?
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains have become common causes of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) among previously healthy people, a role of methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) isolates before the mid-1990s. We hypothesized that, as MRSA infections became more common among S. aureus infections in the community, perhaps MSSA infections had become more important as a cause of healthcare-associated infection.We compared patients, including children and adults, with MRSA and MSSA infections at the University of Chicago Medical Center (UCMC) from all clinical units from July 1, 2004-June 30, 2005; we also compared the genotypes of the MRSA and MSSA infecting bacterial strains.Compared with MRSA patients, MSSA patients were more likely on bivariate analysis to have bacteremia, endocarditis, or sepsis (p = 0.03), to be an adult (p = 0.005), to be in the intensive care unit (21.9% vs. 15.6%) or another inpatient unit (45.6% vs. 40.7%) at the time of culture. MRSA (346/545) and MSSA (76/114) patients did not differ significantly in the proportion classified as HA-S. aureus by the CDC CA-MRSA definition (p = 0.5). The genetic backgrounds of MRSA and MSSA multilocus sequence type (ST) 1, ST5, ST8, ST30, and ST59 comprised in combination 94.5% of MRSA isolates and 50.9% of MSSA isolates. By logistic regression, being cared for in the Emergency Department (OR 4.6, CI 1.5-14.0, p = 0.008) was associated with MRSA infection.Patients with MSSA at UCMC have characteristics consistent with a health-care-associated infection more often than do patients with MRSA; a possible role reversal has occurred for MSSA and MRSA strains. Clinical MSSA and MRSA strains shared genotype backgrounds
Cisplatin-induced emesis: systematic review and meta-analysis of the ferret model and the effects of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists
PURPOSE: The ferret cisplatin emesis model has been used for ~30 years and enabled identification of clinically used anti-emetics. We provide an objective assessment of this model including efficacy of 5-HT(3) receptor antagonists to assess its translational validity. METHODS: A systematic review identified available evidence and was used to perform meta-analyses. RESULTS: Of 182 potentially relevant publications, 115 reported cisplatin-induced emesis in ferrets and 68 were included in the analysis. The majority (n = 53) used a 10 mg kg(−1) dose to induce acute emesis, which peaked after 2 h. More recent studies (n = 11) also used 5 mg kg(−1), which induced a biphasic response peaking at 12 h and 48 h. Overall, 5-HT(3) receptor antagonists reduced cisplatin (5 mg kg(−1)) emesis by 68% (45–91%) during the acute phase (day 1) and by 67% (48–86%) and 53% (38–68%, all P < 0.001), during the delayed phase (days 2, 3). In an analysis focused on the acute phase, the efficacy of ondansetron was dependent on the dosage and observation period but not on the dose of cisplatin. CONCLUSION: Our analysis enabled novel findings to be extracted from the literature including factors which may impact on the applicability of preclinical results to humans. It reveals that the efficacy of ondansetron is similar against low and high doses of cisplatin. Additionally, we showed that 5-HT(3) receptor antagonists have a similar efficacy during acute and delayed emesis, which provides a novel insight into the pharmacology of delayed emesis in the ferret
Artificial Intelligence in Supply Chain Operations Planning: Collaboration and Digital Perspectives
[EN] Digital transformation provide supply chains (SCs) with extensive accurate data that should be combined with analytical techniques to improve their management. Among these techniques Artificial Intelligence (AI) has proved their suitability, memory and ability to manage uncertain and constantly changing information. Despite the fact that a number of AI literature reviews exist, no comprehensive review of reviews for the SC operations planning has yet been conducted. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of AI literature reviews in a structured manner to gain insights into their evolution in incorporating new ICTs and collaboration. Results show that hybrization man-machine and collaboration and ethical aspects are understudied.This research has been funded by the project entitled NIOTOME (Ref. RTI2018-102020-B-I00) (MCI/AEI/FEDER, UE). The first author was supported by the Generalitat Valenciana (Conselleria de Educación, Investigación, Cultura y Deporte) under Grant ACIF/2019/021.Rodríguez-Sánchez, MDLÁ.; Alemany Díaz, MDM.; Boza, A.; Cuenca, L.; Ortiz Bas, Á. (2020). Artificial Intelligence in Supply Chain Operations Planning: Collaboration and Digital Perspectives. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. 598:365-378. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62412-5_30S365378598Lezoche, M., Hernandez, J.E., Alemany, M.M.E., Díaz, E.A., Panetto, H., Kacprzyk, J.: Agri-food 4.0: a survey of the supply chains and technologies for the future agriculture. Comput. Ind. 117, 103–187 (2020)Stock, J.R., Boyer, S.L.: Developing a consensus definition of supply chain management: a qualitative study. Int. J. Phys. Distrib. Logistics Manag. 39(8), 690–711 (2009)Min, H.: Artificial intelligence in supply chain management: theory and applications. Int. J. Logistics Res. 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Search for Kaluza-Klein Graviton Emission in Collisions at TeV using the Missing Energy Signature
We report on a search for direct Kaluza-Klein graviton production in a data
sample of 84 of \ppb collisions at = 1.8 TeV, recorded
by the Collider Detector at Fermilab. We investigate the final state of large
missing transverse energy and one or two high energy jets. We compare the data
with the predictions from a -dimensional Kaluza-Klein scenario in which
gravity becomes strong at the TeV scale. At 95% confidence level (C.L.) for
=2, 4, and 6 we exclude an effective Planck scale below 1.0, 0.77, and 0.71
TeV, respectively.Comment: Submitted to PRL, 7 pages 4 figures/Revision includes 5 figure
Observation of WZ Production
We report the first observation of the associated production of a W boson and
a Z boson. This result is based on 1.1 fb-1 of integrated luminosity from ppbar
collisions at sqrt{s} = 1.96 TeV collected with the CDF II detector at the
Fermilab Tevatron. We observe 16 WZ candidates passing our event selection with
an expected background of 2.7 +/- 0.4 events. A fit to the missing transverse
energy distribution indicates an excess of events compared to the background
expectation corresponding to a significance equivalent to six standard
deviations. The measured cross section is sigma(ppbar -> WZ) =
5.0^{+1.8}_{-1.6} pb, consistent with the standard model expectation.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
Determinants of the range of drugs prescribed in general practice: a cross-sectional analysis
Background: Current health policies assume that prescribing is more efficient and rational when
general practitioners (GPs) work with a formulary or restricted drugs lists and thus with a limited
range of drugs. Therefore we studied determinants of the range of drugs prescribed by general
practitioners, distinguishing general GP-characteristics, characteristics of the practice setting,
characteristics of the patient population and information sources used by GPs.
Methods: Secondary analysis was carried out on data from the Second Dutch Survey in General
Practice. Data were available for 138 GPs working in 93 practices.
ATC-coded prescription data from electronic medical records, census data and data from GP/
practice questionnaires were analyzed with multilevel techniques.
Results: The average GP writes prescriptions for 233 different drugs, i.e. 30% of the available drugs
on the market within one year. There is considerable variation between ATC main groups and
subgroups and between GPs. GPs with larger patient lists, GPs with higher prescribing volumes and
GPs who frequently receive representatives from the pharmaceutical industry have a broader range
when controlled for other variables.
Conclusion: The range of drugs prescribed is a useful instrument for analysing GPs' prescribing
behaviour. It shows both variation between GPs and between therapeutic groups. Statistically
significant relationships found were in line with the hypotheses formulated, like the one concerning
the influence of the industry. Further research should be done into the relationship between the
range and quality of prescribing and the reasons why some GPs prescribe a greater number of
different drugs than others.
Measurement of the average time-integrated mixing probability of b-flavored hadrons produced at the Tevatron
We have measured the number of like-sign (LS) and opposite-sign (OS) lepton
pairs arising from double semileptonic decays of and -hadrons,
pair-produced at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. The data samples were
collected with the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) during the 1992-1995
collider run by triggering on the existence of and candidates
in an event. The observed ratio of LS to OS dileptons leads to a measurement of
the average time-integrated mixing probability of all produced -flavored
hadrons which decay weakly, (stat.)
(syst.), that is significantly larger than the world average .Comment: 47 pages, 10 figures, 15 tables Submitted to Phys. Rev.
Mechanical Circulatory Support as a Bridge to Transplant or for Destination Therapy
Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) frequently is used to treat medically refractory end-stage heart failure. Initially designed to be a bridge to transplantation, MCS also has proven itself as a durable therapy for patients who are not transplant candidates. As outcomes for patients with MCS have improved, research interest in device development has flourished, with many new device types under investigation. In addition to improvement of MCS devices, investigational work continues to achieve appropriate patient selection and complication management
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