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Food production and consumption in Bamyan Province, Afghanistan: the challenges of sustainability and seasonality for dietary diversity
In Asia, high levels of malnutrition threaten the health and livelihoods of millions of households. This paper concentrates on linkages between agriculture and nutrition in Afghanistan where food and nutrition insecurity are increasing and agricultural sustainability is increasingly compromised by climate change. We explore seasonal patterns of food production and consumption in the remote and robust ecological environment of Shah Foladi, Bamyan Province. Analysis of qualitative data from household interviews in eight villages has provided a wealth of insights into the seasonality of diets. Even within a broadly homogeneous environment, households
were found to be markedly heterogeneous in respect of their assets, production, market, finance and employment strategies. The so-called ālean seasonā was found to
vary accordingly. Nevertheless, a general lack of dietary diversity during much of the year is likely to cause micronutrient malnutrition, especially for the vulnerable groups of children, adolescent girls and women. Potential interventions are proposed which need to account for the local context in order to overcome the natural and political constraints. These strategies include agricultural innovation and multi-sectoral policy
approaches. In the end, reducing national insecurity is a pre-requisite for sustainable improvement in nutrition-sensitive agricultural development
Efficiency, food security and differentiation in small-scale irrigation agriculture: Evidence from North West Nigeria
Ambiguity over the effectiveness of agricultural intervention is more
pronounced in rural areas where the majority of North West Nigeriaās poor population, and those involved in agriculture, reside. Further characterising these areas is
the paucity of research on the issue of differentiation within the smallholder community. Specifically, definite classification of households based on efficiency, food
security and income status remains inadequate. The study explores smallholder
householdsā differentials on the basis of these three phenomena, and other factors
that affect smallholder typologies. Data was collected from 306 randomly selected
smallholders involved in the Middle Rima Valley Irrigation Project, Sokoto State,
Nigeria. Smallholdersā technical efficiency and householdsā Food Consumption Score
(FCS) were assessed. Also, Pearson correlation analysis, a segmentation approach
using cluster analysis and multinomial regression model were used for the study.
The study showed that the mean efficiency level of smallholder farms was 85.9%
and that the majority of the households were food insecure
The Double Burden of Malnutrition: A Systematic Review of Operational Definitions
Background
Despite increasing research on the double burden of malnutrition (DBM; i.e., coexisting over- and undernutrition), there is no global consensus on DBM definitions. Objectives
To identify published operational DBM definitions, measure their frequency of use, and discuss implications for future assessment. Methods
Following a structured search of peer-reviewed articles with terms describing āovernutritionā [e.g., overweight/obesity (OW/OB)] and āundernutritionā (e.g., stunting, micronutrient deficiency), we screened 1920 abstracts, reviewed 500 full texts, and extracted 623 operational definitions from 239 eligible articles. Results
We organized three identified DBM dimensions (level of assessment, target population, and forms of malnutrition) into a framework for building operational DBM definitions. Frequently occurring definitions included coexisting: 1) OW/OB and thinness, wasting, or underweight (n = 289 occurrences); 2) OW/OB and stunting (n = 161); 3) OW/OB and anemia (n = 74); and 4) OW/OB and micronutrient deficiency (n = 73). Conclusions
Existing DBM definitions vary widely. Putting structure to possible definitions may facilitate selection of fit-for-purpose indicators to meet public health priorities
The Relationship Between Dietary Diversity Among Women of Reproductive Age and Agricultural Diversity in Rural Tanzania
Food security research in selected Southern European and Eastern Mediterranean countries: a narrative review
Prevalence of undernourishment: trend and contribution of East African countries to sub-Saharan Africa from 1991 to 2015
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