Carleson embeddings and pointwise multipliers between Hardy-Orlicz spaces and Bergman-Orlicz spaces of the upper half-plane

In this article, we give a general characterization of Carleson measures involving concave or convex growth functions. We use this characterization to establish continuous injections and also to characterize the set of pointwise multipliers between Hardy-Orlicz spaces and Bergman-Orlicz spaces.Comment: 30 page

Anemie du Premature et Pratiques Transfusionnelles au Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Yopougon à Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire

En Côte d’Ivoire la transfusion sanguine reste importante. Notre objectif était de proposer une ligne directrice de pratique de transfusion sanguine chez le nouveau né prématuré. Notre étude a porté sur 2 ans de janvier 1997 à 1999. Tous nouveau-nés de moins de 37 semaines hospitalisés au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Yopougon et dont le taux d’hémoglobine était inférieure à 13 g/mL ont été inclus. De cette étude il ressort que la prévalence de l’anémie était de 25%, et celle de la transfusion sanguine de 56%. Le taux d’hémoglobine inférieure à 10 g/mL (p = 0, 000081), la pâleur (p = 0, 000003) étaient nos critères de transfusion. Nous concluons que tout prématuré de moins de 32 semaines dont le taux d’hémoglobine était inférieure ou égale à 10 g/mL admis avant le 15ème jours de vie doit bénéficier d’une transfusion sanguine et le tauxMots Clés prématuré ; anémie ; transfusion ; Abidja

EMS Induced Cytomictic Variability in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

Seeds of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) were subjected to three treatment durations (3h, 5h and 7h) of 0.5 % Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS). Microsporogenesis was carried out in the control as well as in the treated materials. EMS treated plants showed interesting feature of partial inter-meiocyte chromatin migration through channel formation, beak formation or direct cell fusion. Another interesting feature noticed during the study was the fusion among tetrads due to wall dissolution. The phenomenon of cytomixis was recorded at nearly all the stages of microsporogenesis connecting from a few to several meiocytes. Other abnormalities such as laggards, precocious movement, bridge and non disjunction of chromosomes were also recorded but in very low frequencies. The phenomenon of cytomixis increased along with the increase in treatment duration of EMS. Cells with these types of cytomictic disturbances may probably result in uneven formation of gametes or zygote, heterogenous sized pollen grains or even loss of fertility in future.Семена сафлора (Carthamus tinctorius L.) обрабатывали 0.5%-ным этилметансульфонатом (ЭМС) в одном из трех режимов – 3, 5 и 7 ч. Микроспорогенез изучали как в контроле, так и в обработанном материале. Растения, обработанные ЭМС, проявляли интересную особенность частичной интермейоцитной миграции хроматина при формировании каналов, образовании клювообразного выступа или прямом слиянии клеток. Другим обнаруженным в исследовании явлением было слияние тетрад из-за растворения стенки. Феномен цитомиксиса отмечался почти на всех стадиях микроспорогенеза и затрагивал от нескольких до многих мейоцитов. Другие аномалии, такие как отставания, преждевременные движения, мосты и неразделения хромосом, отмечались с незначительной частотой. Феномен цитомиксиса возрастал с увеличением длительности обработки ЭМС. Клетки с этими типами цитомиктических нарушений могут, вероятно, приводить к нерегулярному формированию гамет или зигот, гетерогенных по размеру пыльцевых зерен, или даже к потере фертильности в будущем.Насіння сафлору (Carthamus tinctorius L.) обробляли 0.5%-ним етилметансульфонатом (ЕМС) в одному з трьох режимів – 3, 5 і 7 год. Мікроспорогенез вивчали як у контролі, так і в обробленому матеріалі. Рослини, оброблені ЕМС, виявляли цікаву особливість часткової інтермейоцитної міграції хроматину при формуванні каналів, утворенні дзюбоподібного чи прямому злитті клітин. Іншим виявленим в дослідженні явищем було злиття тетрад через розчинення стінки. Феномен цито- міксису відзначався майже на всіх стадіях мікро-спорогенезу і зачіпав від кількох до багатьох мейоцитів. Інші аномалії, такі як відставання, передчасні рухи, мости і нерозділення хромосом, зустрічались з незнач- ною частотою. Феномен цитоміксису зростав із збільшенням тривалості обробки ЕМС. Клітини з цими типами цитоміктичних порушень можуть, ймовірно, приводити до нерегулярного формування гамет або зигот, гетерогенних за розміром пилкових зерен, або навіть до втрати фертильності в майбутньому

BioCatalogue: a universal catalogue of web services for the life sciences

The use of Web Services to enable programmatic access to on-line bioinformatics is becoming increasingly important in the Life Sciences. However, their number, distribution and the variable quality of their documentation can make their discovery and subsequent use difficult. A Web Services registry with information on available services will help to bring together service providers and their users. The BioCatalogue (http://www.biocatalogue.org/) provides a common interface for registering, browsing and annotating Web Services to the Life Science community. Services in the BioCatalogue can be described and searched in multiple ways based upon their technical types, bioinformatics categories, user tags, service providers or data inputs and outputs. They are also subject to constant monitoring, allowing the identification of service problems and changes and the filtering-out of unavailable or unreliable resources. The system is accessible via a human-readable ‘Web 2.0’-style interface and a programmatic Web Service interface. The BioCatalogue follows a community approach in which all services can be registered, browsed and incrementally documented with annotations by any member of the scientific community

To what extent could performance-based schemes help increase the effectiveness of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) programs in resource-limited settings? a summary of the published evidence

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In resource-limited settings, HIV/AIDS remains a serious threat to the social and physical well-being of women of childbearing age, pregnant women, mothers and infants.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>In sub-Saharan African countries with high prevalence rates, pediatric HIV/AIDS acquired through mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) can in largely be prevented by using well-established biomedical interventions. Logistical and socio-cultural barriers continue, however, to undermine the successful prevention of MTCT (PMTCT). In this paper, we review reports on maternal, neonatal and child health, as well as HIV care and treatment services that look at program incentives.</p> <p>Summary</p> <p>These studies suggest that comprehensive PMTCT strategies aiming to maximize health-worker motivation in developing countries must involve a mix of both financial and non-financial incentives. The establishment of robust ethical and regulatory standards in public-sector HIV care centers could reduce barriers to PMTCT service provision in sub-Saharan Africa and help them in achieving universal PMTCT targets.</p

HIV Status Disclosure and Retention in Care in HIV-Infected Adolescents on Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in West Africa

We assessed the effect of HIV status disclosure on retention in care from initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among HIV-infected children aged 10 years or more in Cote d'Ivoire, Mali and Sénégal.Multi-centre cohort study within five paediatric clinics participating in the IeDEA West Africa collaboration. HIV-infected patients were included in this study if they met the following inclusion criteria: aged 10-21 years while on ART; having initiated ART ≥ 200 days before the closure date of the clinic database; followed ≥ 15 days from ART initiation in clinics with ≥ 10 adolescents enrolled. Routine follow-up data were merged with those collected through a standardized ad hoc questionnaire on awareness of HIV status. Probability of retention (no death or loss-to-follow-up) was estimated with Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazard model with date of ART initiation as origin and a delayed entry at date of 10th birthday was used to identify factors associated with death or loss-to-follow-up.650 adolescents were available for this analysis. Characteristics at ART initiation were: median age of 10.4 years; median CD4 count of 224 cells/mm³ (47% with severe immunosuppression), 48% CDC stage C/WHO stage 3/4. The median follow-up on ART after the age of 10 was 23.3 months; 187 adolescents (28.8%) knew their HIV status. The overall probability of retention at 36 months after ART initiation was 74.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 70.5-79.0) and was higher for those disclosed compared to those not: adjusted hazard ratio for the risk of being death or loss-to-follow-up = 0.23 (95% CI: 0.13-0.39).About 2/3 of HIV-infected adolescents on ART were not aware of their HIV status in these ART clinics in West Africa but disclosed HIV status improved retention in care. The disclosure process should be thus systematically encouraged and organized in adolescent populations

Tuberculosis in Pediatric Antiretroviral Therapy Programs in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Diagnosis and Screening Practices

Background The global burden of childhood tuberculosis (TB) is estimated to be 0.5 million new cases per year. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children are at high risk for TB. Diagnosis of TB in HIV-infected children remains a major challenge. Methods We describe TB diagnosis and screening practices of pediatric antiretroviral treatment (ART) programs in Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, and Central and South America. We used web-based questionnaires to collect data on ART programs and patients seen from March to July 2012. Forty-three ART programs treating children in 23 countries participated in the study. Results Sputum microscopy and chest Radiograph were available at all programs, mycobacterial culture in 40 (93%) sites, gastric aspiration in 27 (63%), induced sputum in 23 (54%), and Xpert MTB/RIF in 16 (37%) sites. Screening practices to exclude active TB before starting ART included contact history in 41 sites (84%), symptom screening in 38 (88%), and chest Radiograph in 34 sites (79%). The use of diagnostic tools was examined among 146 children diagnosed with TB during the study period. Chest Radiograph was used in 125 (86%) children, sputum microscopy in 76 (52%), induced sputum microscopy in 38 (26%), gastric aspirate microscopy in 35 (24%), culture in 25 (17%), and Xpert MTB/RIF in 11 (8%) children. Conclusions Induced sputum and Xpert MTB/RIF were infrequently available to diagnose childhood TB, and screening was largely based on symptom identification. There is an urgent need to improve the capacity of ART programs in low- and middle-income countries to exclude and diagnose TB in HIV-infected childre