Editorial

Ars Pharmaceutica is a multidisciplinary scientific journal which focuses on all aspects of pharmaceutical science. It was the first journal of its type in Spain, and has been published by the Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Granada every year for the past 51 years. During this time, it has evolved in the same way as most scientific journals, and is now no longer only printed in paper format, but is also available free of charge via the Internet. This means that more and more researchers from around the world can access the journal. And they have done so, as proven by the high number of website hits and researchers’ growing interest in having their work published in the journal. Another reason why the number of papers received over the last year has increased is that the journal now accepts papers in both Spanish and English. The journal is currently indexed in the following databases: Chemical Abstracts; ICYT (CSIC); EMBASE/Excerpta Médica; International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (IPA); Indice Bibliográfico Español en Ciencias de la Salud (IBECS); Biological Abstracts; and Life Sciences Collection. We are working to have the journal included in more databases in the future.The current issue, number 52, is the first of a new era, for which we, the editorial team at Ars Pharmaceutica, have set ourselves two priority objectives: to produce a top-quality journal, and to achieve maximum exposure amongst the scientific and pharmaceutical community.We have therefore designed and developed a new website. The different categories of papers suitable for publication have been clearly defined. An electronic submission system has been developed to make it easier for authors to submit their papers via our website. We now have more human and financial resources, and these have allowed us to produce the journal in electronic format, available free of charge to all the scientists and professionals who want to read it.In this new era for the journal, the publication and editorial guidelines will be adapted so that they come into line with international requirements for scientific publications. We would therefore like to remind authors to check that their papers meet the requirements stipulated in the Guide for authors before they submit them to us. Ars Pharmaceutica uses a peer review system so that each paper is reviewed by experts in the research focus of each study and the methodologies used.Our second aim is to increase the readership of Ars Pharmaceutica and encourage authors to submit their papers to the journal. To do this, we will make the publication available to public and private research bodies and scientific and professional associations. We would therefore like to take this opportunity to invite all authors to send their contributions to the different sections of the journal.We cannot sign off without thanking the people whose hard work made all of this possible back in the 1960s, Professors Cabo and Suñé. If it were not for their enthusiasm and determination to create and maintain this journal, with so little money and hardly any external help, we would not be here today, pouring all our renewed energy into what we believe could become a key tool for the dissemination of scientific knowledge in the field of pharmacy.Ars Pharmaceutica es una revista científica de carácter multidisciplinar, en el ámbito de las ciencias farmacéuticas en su sentido más amplio, pionera en España, editada por la Facultad de Farmacia de la Universidad de Granada durante los últimos 51 años de manera ininterrumpida. Durante este tiempo se ha ido adaptando a la evolución de la mayoría de las revistas científicas, en la que se ha pasado de su publicación en papel a convertirla en una revista electrónica de libre acceso. Esto ha supuesto una mayor accesibilidad de investigadores de todos los países a la publicación, lo que se ha podido comprobar por el número de visitas recibidas en la web, y un interés por publicar sus trabajos en ella. El hecho de aceptar trabajos en español o inglés indistintamente, también ha contribuido a aumentar el número de originales recibidos en el último año. Actualmente se encuentra indexada en las siguientes bases de datos: Chemicals Abstracts, ICYT (CSIC); EMBASE/Excerpta Médica; International Pharmaceutical Abstrac (IPA); Indice Bibliográfico Español en Ciencias de la Salud (IBECS); Biological Abstrac, Life Sciencies Collection, y es nuestra intención aumentar su presencia en otras bases.Este número 52 es el primero de una nueva etapa, en la cual los responsables de Ars Pharmacéutica nos hemos planteado como principales objetivos, conseguir la mejor calidad editorial posible y la máxima visibilidad en la comunidad científica relacionada con las áreas farmacéuticas.Para ello hemos diseñado y desarrollado una nueva página web. Se han establecido de forma clara las distintas categorías de trabajos que se pueden publicar. Para agilizar el envió de originales a través de la web se ha desarrollado un sistema electrónico de envío. Se han habilitado recursos humanos y económicos, que nos permiten ofrecer la revista en formato electrónico y de forma gratuita a todos los científicos y profesionales interesados.Esta nueva etapa supondrá también la adaptación de las normas de publicación y las normas editoriales a los requerimientos internacionales de publicaciones científicas. De ahí que se llame la atención a los autores a que antes de enviar un trabajo comprueben que cumple los requisitos que se incluyen en la guía de autor. Ars Pharmacéutica es una revista arbitrada que utiliza el sistema de revisión externa por expertos (peer-review), en el conocimiento de los objetos investigados y en las metodologías utilizadas en las investigaciones.Nuestro segundo objetivo es conseguir una difusión masiva de Ars Pharmaceutica y fomentar el interés por publicar en la misma, poniéndola a disposición de los organismos de investigación públicos y privados, sociedades científicas y profesionales. Por ello desde aquí invitamos a todos los autores a enviar sus aportaciones a las distintas secciones de la revista.No quisiéramos finalizar estas palabras sin tener un cariñoso recuerdo de los que fueron los artífices y promotores de esta revista, los profesores Cabo y Suñé. Su ilusión, tesón e interés en los años 60 del pasado siglo, por crear y mantener con bajo presupuesto y poca ayuda exterior esta revista, ha permitido que hoy sigamos con renovadas energías lo que consideramos puede ser un órgano de difusión del conocimiento científico en el ámbito farmacéutico

Nonlinear Observability Algorithms with Known and Unknown Inputs: Analysis and Implementation

The observability of a dynamical system is affected by the presence of external inputs, either known (such as control actions) or unknown (disturbances). Inputs of unknown magnitude are especially detrimental for observability, and they also complicate its analysis. Hence, the availability of computational tools capable of analysing the observability of nonlinear systems with unknown inputs has been limited until lately. Two symbolic algorithms based on differential geometry, ORC-DF and FISPO, have been recently proposed for this task, but their critical analysis and comparison is still lacking. Here we perform an analytical comparison of both algorithms and evaluate their performance on a set of problems, while discussing their strengths and limitations. Additionally, we use these analyses to provide insights about certain aspects of the relationship between inputs and observability. We found that, while ORC-DF and FISPO follow a similar approach, they differ in key aspects that can have a substantial influence on their applicability and computational cost. The FISPO algorithm is more generally applicable, since it can analyse any nonlinear ODE model. The ORC-DF algorithm analyses models that are affine in the inputs, and if those models have known inputs it is sometimes more efficient. Thus, the optimal choice of a method depends on the characteristics of the problem under consideration. To facilitate the use of both algorithms, we implemented the ORC-DF condition in a new version of STRIKE-GOLDD, a MATLAB toolbox for structural identifiability and observability analysis. Since this software tool already had an implementation of the FISPO algorithm, the new release allows modellers and model users the convenience of choosing between different algorithms in a single tool, without changing the coding of their modelThis research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through the project SYNBIOCONTROL (reference DPI2017-82896-C2-2-R). We acknowledge support of the publication fee by the CSIC Open Access Publication Support Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI) and by the Xunta de Galicia through grant ref. IN607B 2020-03S

Improved wear performance of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene coated with hydrogenated diamond like carbon

Hydrogenated diamond like carbon (DLCH) thin films were deposited on medical grade ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) by radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The DLCH coating thicknesses ranged from 250 to 700. nm. The substrates were disks made of UHMWPEs typically used for soft components in artificial joints, namely virgin GUR 1050 and highly crosslinked (gamma irradiated in air to 100. kGy) UHMWPEs. Mechanical and tribological properties under bovine serum lubrication at body temperature were assessed on coated and uncoated polyethylenes by means of nano-hardness and ball-on-disk tests, respectively. Morphological features of the worn surfaces were obtained by confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. This study confirms an increase in surface hardness and good wear resistance for coated materials after 24. h of sliding test compared to uncoated polyethylene. These results point out that to coat UHMWPE with DLCH films could be a potential method to reduce backside wear in total hip and knee arthroplasties.Ministerio de Ciencia y Educación MAT2006-12603- C02-01, CSD2008-0002

Capacity Limits of Spectrum-Sharing in Hoyt (Nakagami-q) Fading Channels

A channel capacity analysis is presented in this work for a spectrum-sharing cognitive radio link in which the fading experienced by the signal is modeled with the Hoyt (Nakagami-q) distribution. Based on a novel formulation of the squared Hoyt distribution derived by the authors, simple expressions for the capacity of the secondary link in a number of scenarios of interest are derived, which are given in terms of easy-to-compute finite-range integrals of elementary functions. The effect of fading severity in the secondary transmitter-primary receiver (ST-PR) and secondary transmitter-secondary receiver (ST-SR) links, and the impact of different antenna gains on the system performance are analyzed. We show that in the presence of severe fading for the ST-PR link, the capacity of the ST-SR link is increased.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. MINECO. Fondos FEDER. European Union Marie-Curie COFUND U-mobility program

Understanding the impact of line-of-sight in the ergodic spectral efficiency of cellular networks

In this paper we investigate the impact of lineof-sight (LoS) condition in the ergodic spectral efficiency of cellular networks. To achieve this goal, we have considered the kappa-mu shadowed model, which is a general model that provides an excellent fit to a wide set of propagation conditions. To overcome the mathematical complexity of the analysis, we have split the analysis between large and small-scale effects. Building on the proposed framework, we study a number of scenarios that range from heavily-fluctuating LoS to deterministic-LoS. Finally, we shed light on the interplay between fading severity and spectral efficiency by means of the amount of fading.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Parabolic curves for diffeomorphisms in C2

We give a simple proof of the existence of parabolic curves for diffeomorphisms in (C 2 , 0) tangent to the identity with isolated fixed point