Proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en asignaturas de investigación para el desarrollo de tesis de los egresados de la escuela de ingeniería mecatrónica en la Universidad Ricardo Palma

Este artículo se enfoca en describir y explicar que el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en las materias de investigación del Plan de Estudios 2008-II de la Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería Mecatrónica aportan las competencias para que el graduado tenga las herramientas en el desarrollo de su Tesis y obtener el Título Profesional en Ingeniería Mecatrónica, tal es así que se encontró altas tasas de graduados ya titulados bajo la modalidad de Tesis, sin embargo, también se encontró un regular porcentaje de graduados que aún no se titulan. Para mejorar este porcentaje de no titulados, se ha implementado el Programa de Titulación por Tesis, que, como parte de su estructura, considera metodologías y estrategias que ayudan a desarrollar competencias de investigación en el graduado, cuyos resultados de la aplicación ha permitido mejorar desde 8% a 13% los niveles de elaboración de Tesis para obtener el título profesional. &nbsp

Characterization of lethal inhalational infection with Francisella tularensis in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)

The intracellular Gram-negative pathogen Francisella tularensis is the causative agent of tularaemia and is prevalent in many countries in the northern hemisphere. To determine whether the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) would be a suitable non-human primate model of inhalational tularaemia, a pathophysiology study was undertaken. Ten animals were challenged with ∼102 c.f.u. F. tularensis strain SCHU S4 (F. tularensis subsp. tularensis). To look for trends in the infection, pairs of animals were sacrificed at 24 h intervals between 0 and 96 h post-challenge and blood and organs were assessed for bacteriology, pathology and haematological and immunological parameters. The first indication of infection was a raised core temperature at 3 days post-challenge. This coincided with a number of other factors: a rapid increase in the number of bacteria isolated from all organs, more pronounced gross pathology and histopathology, and an increase in the immunological response. As the disease progressed, higher bacterial and cytokine levels were detected. More extensive pathology was observed, with multifocal lesions seen in the lungs, liver and spleen. Disease progression in the common marmoset appears to be consistent with human clinical and pathological features of tularaemia, indicating that this may be a suitable animal model for the investigation of novel medical interventions such as vaccines or therapeutics

Resin tapping in Pinus pinaster: effects on growth and response function to climate

Dendrocronología sobre Pinus pinaster, como la recolección de resina y los factores climáticos han afectado a su crecimiento

The Changing Landscape for Stroke\ua0Prevention in AF: Findings From the GLORIA-AF Registry Phase 2

Background GLORIA-AF (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) is a prospective, global registry program describing antithrombotic treatment patterns in patients with newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke. Phase 2 began when dabigatran, the first non\u2013vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC), became available. Objectives This study sought to describe phase 2 baseline data and compare these with the pre-NOAC era collected during phase 1. Methods During phase 2, 15,641 consenting patients were enrolled (November 2011 to December 2014); 15,092 were eligible. This pre-specified cross-sectional analysis describes eligible patients\u2019 baseline characteristics. Atrial fibrillation disease characteristics, medical outcomes, and concomitant diseases and medications were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Of the total patients, 45.5% were female; median age was 71 (interquartile range: 64, 78) years. Patients were from Europe (47.1%), North America (22.5%), Asia (20.3%), Latin America (6.0%), and the Middle East/Africa (4.0%). Most had high stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc [Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age  6575 years, Diabetes mellitus, previous Stroke, Vascular disease, Age 65 to 74 years, Sex category] score  652; 86.1%); 13.9% had moderate risk (CHA2DS2-VASc = 1). Overall, 79.9% received oral anticoagulants, of whom 47.6% received NOAC and 32.3% vitamin K antagonists (VKA); 12.1% received antiplatelet agents; 7.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. For comparison, the proportion of phase 1 patients (of N = 1,063 all eligible) prescribed VKA was 32.8%, acetylsalicylic acid 41.7%, and no therapy 20.2%. In Europe in phase 2, treatment with NOAC was more common than VKA (52.3% and 37.8%, respectively); 6.0% of patients received antiplatelet treatment; and 3.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. In North America, 52.1%, 26.2%, and 14.0% of patients received NOAC, VKA, and antiplatelet drugs, respectively; 7.5% received no antithrombotic treatment. NOAC use was less common in Asia (27.7%), where 27.5% of patients received VKA, 25.0% antiplatelet drugs, and 19.8% no antithrombotic treatment. Conclusions The baseline data from GLORIA-AF phase 2 demonstrate that in newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients, NOAC have been highly adopted into practice, becoming more frequently prescribed than VKA in Europe and North America. Worldwide, however, a large proportion of patients remain undertreated, particularly in Asia and North America. (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation [GLORIA-AF]; NCT01468701

A facility and community-based assessment of scabies in rural Malawi.

Background Scabies is a neglected tropical disease of the skin, causing severe itching, stigmatizing skin lesions and systemic complications. Since 2015, the DerMalawi project provide an integrated skin diseases clinics and Tele-dermatology care in Malawi. Clinic based data suggested a progressive increase in scabies cases observed. To better identify and treat individuals with scabies in the region, we shifted from a clinic-based model to a community based outreach programme. Methodology/principal findings From May 2015, DerMalawi project provide integrated skin diseases and Tele-dermatological care in the Nkhotakota and Salima health districts in Malawi. Demographic and clinical data of all patients personally attended are recorded. Due to a progressive increase in the number of cases of scabies the project shifted to a community-based outreach programme. For the community outreach activities, we conducted three visits between 2018 to 2019 and undertook screening in schools and villages of Alinafe Hospital catchment area. Treatment was offered for all the cases and school or household contacts. Scabies increased from 2.9% to 39.2% of all cases seen by the DerMalawi project at clinics between 2015 to 2018. During the community-based activities approximately 50% of the population was assessed in each of three visits. The prevalence of scabies was similar in the first two rounds, 15.4% (2392) at the first visit and 17.2% at the second visit. The prevalence of scabies appeared to be lower (2.4%) at the third visit. The prevalence of impetigo appeared unchanged and was 6.7% at the first visit and 5.2% at the final visit. Conclusions/significance Prevalence of scabies in our setting was very high suggesting that scabies is a major public health problem in parts of Malawi. Further work is required to more accurately assess the burden of disease and develop appropriate public health strategies for its control

Zebularine regulates early stages of mESC differentiation: effect on cardiac commitment

Lineage commitment during embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation is controlled not only by a gamut of transcription factors but also by epigenetic events, mainly histone deacetylation and promoter DNA methylation. The DNA demethylation agent 50-aza-20-deoxycytidine (AzadC) has been widely described as an effective promoter of cardiomyogenic differentiation in various stem cell types. However, its toxicity and instability complicate its use. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of zebularine (1-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-2-1), a stable and non-toxic DNA cytosine methylation inhibitor, on mouse ESC (mESC) differentiation. Herein, we report that treating embryoid bodies, generated from mESCs, with 30 lM zebularine for 7 days led to greater cell differentiation and induced the expression of several cardiac-specific markers that were detected using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time PCR, immunostaining and flow cytometry. Zebularine enhanced the expression of cardiac markers and the appearance of beating cells that responded to cardiac drugs, including ion channel blockers (diltiazem) and β-adrenergic stimulators (isoproterenol). Gene promoter methylation status was assessed using methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and validated by bisulfite sequencing analysis. Global gene expression profiling using microarrays showed that zebularine-differentiated cells are distinct from control ESCs. Pathway analysis revealed an enhancement of cellular processes such as embryonic development, cardiovascular system development and function. In addition, the whole-cell proteins exhibited different profiles as analyzed by two-dimensional differential-in-gel-electrophoresis. Our results indicate that zebularine regulates mesodermal differentiation of mESCs, controls promoter methylation of crucial cardiac genes and may help to improve cardiomyogenic differentiation. © 2013 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved.We were supported by Fundación Progreso y Salud, Consejería de Salud, Junta de Andalucía (Grant PI-0022/2008); Consejería de Innovación Ciencia y Empresa, Junta de Andalucía (Grant CTS-6505; INP-2011-1615-900000); FEDER co-funded grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (RD06/0010/0025; PI10/ 00964) and the Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs (Advanced Therapies Program Grant TRA-120). CIBERDEM is an initiative of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. AH was awarded a ‘Ramo´n Areces’ postgraduate scholarship.We were supported by Fundación Progreso y Salud, Consejería de Salud, Junta de Andalucía (Grant PI-0022/2008); Consejería de Innovación Ciencia y Empresa, Junta de Andalucía (Grant CTS-6505; INP-2011-1615-900000); FEDER co-funded grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (RD06/0010/0025; PI10/ 00964) and the Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs (Advanced Therapies Program Grant TRA-120). CIBERDEM is an initiative of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. AH was awarded a ‘Ramón Areces’ postgraduate scholarship.Peer Reviewe

Clinical characteristics and determinants of the phenotype in TMEM43 arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy type 5.

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy type V (ARVC-5) is the most aggressive heterozygous form of ARVC. It is predominantly caused by a fully penetrant mutation (p.S358L) in the nondesmosomal gene TMEM43-endemic to Newfoundland, Canada. To date, all familial cases reported worldwide share a common ancestral haplotype. It is unknown whether the p.S358L mutation by itself causes ARVC-5 or whether the disease is influenced by genetic or environmental factors. The purpose of this study was to examine the phenotype, clinical course, and the impact of exercise on patients with p.S358L ARVC-5 without the Newfoundland genetic background. We studied 62 affected individuals and 73 noncarriers from 3 TMEM43-p.S358L Spanish families. The impact of physical activity on the phenotype was also evaluated. Haplotype analysis revealed that the 3 Spanish families were unrelated to patients with ARVC-5 with the Newfoundland genetic background. Two families shared 10 microsatellite markers in a 4.9 cM region surrounding TMEM43; the third family had a distinct haplotype. The affected individuals showed a 38.7% incidence of sudden cardiac death, which was higher in men. Left ventricular involvement was common, with 40% of mutation carriers showing a left ventricular ejection fraction of <50%. Compared with noncarriers, the R-wave voltage in lead V3 was lower (3.2 ± 2.8 mV vs 7.5 ± 3.6 mV; P < .001) and QRS complex in right precordial leads wider (104.7 ± 24.0 ms vs 88.2 ± 7.7 ms; P = .001). A history of vigorous exercise showed a trend toward more ventricular arrhythmias only in women (P = .053). ARVC-5 is associated with a high risk of sudden cardiac death and characteristic clinical and electrocardiographic features irrespective of geographical origin and genetic background. Our data suggest that, as in desmosomal ARVC, vigorous physical activity could aggravate the phenotype of TMEM43 mutation carriers.This work was supported by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI14/0967 and PI17/1941, CPII14/00027, PI14/01477, PI18/0158 and La Fe Biobank PT17/0015/0043), the Isabel Gemio Foundation, the Spanish Society of Cardiology (2014 Basic Research Grant), the European Union (CardioNeTITN-289600 and CardioNext-608027), and from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (RTI2018-096961-B-I00, SAF2015-65722-R, and SAF2012-31451). This work was also supported by the Plan Estatal de I1D1I 2013-2016 – European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) “AWay ofMaking Europe,” Spain. The Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) is supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCNU), and the ProCNIC Foundation and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (SEV-2015-0505)S

Single-Molecule Spectroscopic Imaging Studies of Polarity Gradients Prepared by Infusion-Withdrawal Dip-Coating

Sol–gel-derived thin films incorporating a one-dimensional polarity gradient are prepared by infusion-withdrawal dip-coating (IWDC) and characterized by single-molecule spectroscopic (SMS) imaging. Nonpolar phenyltrimethoxysilane (PTMOS) and polar tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) are used as precursor silanes during IWDC. Sessile drop water contact angle measurements demonstrate the presence of a wettability gradient in the resulting films, on macroscopic length scales. Raman maps of the phenyl C–H stretch at 3059 cm^–1 confirm gradient formation. Material polarity is assessed by SMS imaging, using Nile Red as a polarity-sensitive probe. Polarity data are obtained by recording fluorescence videos of single-molecule emission simultaneously in two spectral bands (590 ± 20 and 640 ± 20 nm). The pairs of fluorescence spots produced by each molecule are identified and analyzed using automated spot-tracking software. The local film polarity is quantified via the Clausius–Mossotti factors calculated from the single-molecule emission data. Histograms prepared from the SMS data confirm the presence of a macroscale polarity gradient. These same data reveal that the gradients are heterogeneous on nanometer to micrometer length scales. In some regions, the data are consistent with phase separation of the polar and nonpolar film components. These studies afford a better understanding of organosilane gradients prepared by sol–gel methods and will aid in the development of new materials for stationary-phase-gradient chemical separations, and for directed transport of liquids, macromolecules, vesicles, and cells