Association between self-reported general and mental health and adverse outcomes: a retrospective cohort study of 19 625 Scottish adults

<b>Objective</b><p></p> Self-reported general health and mental health are independent predictors of all-cause mortality. This study examines whether they are also independent predictors of incident cancer, coronary heart disease and psychiatric hospitalisation. <b>Methods</b><p></p> We conducted a retrospective, population cohort study by linking the 19 625 Scottish adults who participated in the Scottish Health Surveys 1995–2003, to hospital admissions, cancer registration and death certificate records. We conducted Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for potential confounders including age, sex, socioeconomic status, alcohol, smoking status, body mass index, hypertension and diabetes. <b>Results</b><p></p> Poor general health was reported by 1215 (6.2%) participants and was associated with cancer registrations (adjusted Hazard Ratio [HR] 1.30, 95% CI 1.10, 1.55), coronary heart disease events (adjusted HR 2.30, 95% CI 1.86, 2.84) and psychiatric hospitalisations (adjusted HR 2.42, 95% CI 1.65, 3.56). There was evidence of dose relationships and the associations remained significant after adjustment for mental health. 3172 (16%) participants had poor mental health (GHQ ≥4). After adjustment for general health, the associations between poor mental health and coronary heart disease events (adjusted HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.13, 1.63) and all-cause death (adjusted HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.23, 1.55) became non-significant, but mental health remained associated with psychiatric hospitalisations (fully adjusted HR 2.02, 95% CI 1.48, 2.75). <b>Conclusion</b><p></p> Self-reported general health is a significant predictor of a range of clinical outcomes independent of mental health. The association between mental health and non-psychiatric outcomes is mediated by general health but it is an independent predictor of psychiatric outcome. Individuals with poor general health or mental health warrant close attention

Manajemen Guru Era Otonomi Daerah

Guru adalah salah satu faktor yang sangat penting yang mempengaruhi kualitas pendidikan secara umum dan secara khusus prestasi peserta didik. Pendidikan yang berkualitas hanya akan dapat diwujudkan jika tersedia guru yang berkualitas. Untuk mewujudkan guru yang berkualitas diperlukan manajemen guru yang efektif mulai dari pengangkatan, penempatan, induksi, kesejahteraan, dan pengembangan profesi guru.Metode analisis dilakukan dengan membandingkan manajemen guru yang telah dilakukan selama ini dengan manajemen guru yang ideal. Dengan demikian dapat diketahui perbedaannya yang selanjutnya diberikan saran-saran pemecahannya.Kenyataannya manajemen guru di Indonesia dari waktu-kewaktu semakin tidak efektif. Manajemen guru banyak dipengaruhi oleh politik lokal dan sering dipolitisasi oleh penguasa. Manajemen guru belum dilaksanakan secara partisipatif, transparan, dan akuntabel. Oleh karena itu diperlukan Perubahan yang mendasar dalam manajemen guru yang dimulai dari Perubahan undang-undang dan peraturan pemerintah

Analisis Standar Pengelolaan Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah

Sistem pendidikan di Indonesia secara nasional mempunyai standar dalam pengelolaannya. Secara umum standar pengelolaan pendidikan dibuat untuk menseragamkan kualitas manajemen di sekolah/madrasah. Namun secara khusus perlu untuk dianalisis pada masing-masing poin guna pengembangan kualitas pelayanan pendidikan pada sekolah/madrasah yang melaksanakannya. Analisis tersebut haruslah mampu menunjang lebih maju untuk pengembangan lembaga pendidikan menjadi lebih profesional dan menyesuaikan dengan kebutuhan masyarakat

Association between body mass index and mental health among Scottish adult population: a cross-sectional study of 37,272 participants

<b>Background:</b> The evidence is conflicting as to whether body mass index (BMI) is associated with mental health and, if so, to what extent it varies by sex and age. We studied mental health across the full spectrum of BMI among the general population, and conducted subgroup analyses by sex and age.<p></p> <b>Method:</b> We undertook a cross-sectional study of a representative sample of the Scottish adult population. The Scottish Health Survey provided data on mental health, measured by the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ), BMI, demographic and life-style information. Good mental health was defined as a GHQ score <4, and poor mental health as a GHQ score ≥4. Logistic regression models were applied. Results Of the 37 272 participants, 5739 (15.4%) had poor mental health. Overall, overweight participants had better mental health than the normal-weight group [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.87–0.99, p = 0.049], and individuals who were underweight, class II or class III obese had poorer mental health (class III obese group: adjusted OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.05–1.51, p = 0.013). There were significant interactions of BMI with sex (p = 0.013) and with age (p < 0.001). Being overweight was associated with significantly better mental health in middle-aged men only. In contrast, being underweight at all ages or obese at a young age was associated with significantly poorer mental health in women only.<p></p> <b>Conclusions:</b> The adverse associations between adiposity and mental health are specific to women. Underweight women and young women who are obese have poorer mental health. In contrast, middle-aged overweight men have better mental health.<p></p&gt

OPTIMIZATION OF THE CROPPING PATTERN IN CENTRAL YASIN DISTRICT GHIZER, GILGIT-BALTISTAN

In this research study Linear Programming (LP) Model is applied to determine the maximum profit from the three major crops (wheat, maize and alfalfa) in Central Yasin District Ghizer, where agriculture is the main source of income, however, due to population growth the agricultural land is used to construct buildings, which has minimized the land for agricultural use. In such a challenging condition a method to suggest the cultivation of a maximum profitable crop is the need of time. Therefore, LP model is an appropriate method to decide the profitable crop and to maximize the profit. The study was conducted employing quantitative method of research, with the purpose to compare the maximum profit per annum from the major crops, and to determine the beneficial crop among the three major crops in Central Yasin. All the farmers of the study area who grow the crops were the target population of the study and samples from the target population were selected using random sampling technique. Data was collected by conducting survey in the study area, where self-made questionnaires were distributed among the samples individually and responses were noted on the spot. The raw data is organized and analyzed using Microsoft Excel for LP model formulation. The result showed that the average land used for the cultivation of wheat, maize and alfalfa in the study area is 0.924 acres, 0.664 acres and 0.75 acres respectively. Furthermore, results of the LP model showed that alfalfa is the optimal solution rather than wheat and maize, and it (alfalfa) gives an average annual net profit of Rs.195634.488

Improving The Students' Speaking Accuracy Through “Lse 9.0 Software Version”

The objective of the research was to find out the improvement students' speaking accuracy through Learn to Speak English 9.0 Software Version at SMK Negeri 1 Pattallassang Gowa. This research used classroom action research that consists two cycles. The research object was the first year electric students' of SMK Negeri 1 Pattallassang Gowa academic year 2011/2012. The object of this research consisted of 32 students. The researcher obtained the data by using the speaking test in the diagnostic test, the cycle I and Cycle II. The results of the student's speaking test in cycle I and cycle II had significantly different scores. There was a better improvement of gains by students at the end of action cycle II. The research findings indicated that use of Learn to Speak English 9.0 Software as teaching media could improve the students' speaking accuracy after evaluation in cycles I and II, the means scores in diagnostic test is 5.21 and then it became 5.95 in the cycle I and 7.10 in the cycle II. It can be stated that the students' speaking accuracy at the first year electric students' of SMK Negeri 1 Pattallassang Gowa was in poor level after the test in the diagnostic test with mean score 5.21 had improved to fairly good level after the test in the cycle II with mean score 7.10

MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF MAGNETIZED CHEMICALLY REACTIVE FLUID FLOW PAST OVER POROUS STRETCHED SHEET

The aim of this article to inspect the effect of nonlinear thermal radiation, heat joule, viscous dissipation and magnetic field on viscoelastic second grade fluid. Flow is generated due to stretching of sheet. Flow features are studied considering hydrodynamic boundary conditions. Chemical reaction on the surface is further accounted. The flow governing nonlinear partial system of differential equations is obtained incorporating boundary layer assumptions. The dimensional model is made dimensionless by taking suitable transformations and then tackled via HAM for convergent series solution. Effects of flow controlling parameters on velocity, concentration, temperature, local skin friction coefficient, Sherwood number and Nusselt numbers are discussed by plotting graphs. Main observations are listed at the end

De novo structural modeling and computational sequence analysis of a bacteriocin protein isolated from Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae strain LC-31

Bacteriocins produced by different groups of bacteria are ribosomally synthesized peptides or proteins with antimicrobial and specific antagonistic bacterial interaction activity. Rhizobium leguminosarum is a Gram-negative soil bacterium which plays an important role in nitrogen fixation in leguminose plants. Bacteriocins produced by different strains of R. leguminosarum are known to impart antagonistic effects on other closely related strains. Recently, a bacteriocin gene was isolated from R. leguminosarum bv. viceae strain LC-31. Our study was aimed towards computational proteomic analysis and 3D structural modeling of this novel bacteriocin protein encoded by the earlier aforementioned gene. Different bioinformatics tools and machine learning techniques were used for protein structural classification. De novo protein modeling was performed by using I-TASSER server. The final model obtained was accessed by PROCHECK and DFIRE2, which confirmed that the final model is reliable. Until complete biochemical and structural data of bacteriocin protein produced by R. leguminosarum bv. viceae strain LC-31 are determined by experimental means, this model can serve as a valuable reference for characterizing this multifunctional protein.Key words: Bacteriocin, rhizobium, protein modelling, nodulation, symbiosis, nitrogen fixation