Amygdala activity to angry and fearful faces relates to bullying and victimization in adolescents.

Relational bullying and victimization are common social experiences during adolescence, but relatively little functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research has examined the neural correlates of bullying and victimization in adolescents. The aim of the present study was to address this gap by examining the association between amygdala activity to angry and fearful faces and peer relational bullying and victimization in a community-based sample of adolescents. Participants included 49 adolescents, 12-15 years old, who underwent fMRI scanning while completing an emotional face matching task. Results indicated that interactions between amygdala activity to angry and fearful faces predicted self-reported relational bullying and victimization. Specifically, a combination of higher amygdala activity to angry faces and lower amygdala activity to fearful faces predicted more bullying behavior, whereas a combination of lower amygdala activity to angry faces and lower amygdala activity to fearful faces predicted less relational victimization. Exploratory whole-brain analyses also suggested that increased rostral anterior cingulate cortex activity to fearful faces was associated with less bullying. These results suggest that relational bullying and victimization are related to different patterns of neural activity to angry and fearful faces, which may help in understanding how patterns of social information processing predict these experiences

Autoconcepto académico y motivación académica en jóvenes talento de una universidad privada de Tarapoto

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between academic self-concept and academic motivation in young talents (Scholarship 18) at a Private University in Tarapoto city, Peru. The sample was obtained through a probabislitic sampling and there were 92 young talents, being 47,8% male and 52,2% female between 17 and 22 years old. I used a descriptive, correlational and non-experimental design. The sample was evaluated using the AF5 Self-concept Scale (García and Musitu) academic section that consists of 6 items, and the Academic Motivation Scale that consists of 28 items. The psychometric properties of the instruments indicated that they are valid and reliable. Data were processed in SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 20.0. The results show that there is a direct and highly significant relationship between academic self-concept and academic motivation in young talents (r = .301**, p<.004), which indicates the higher the academic self-concept, the greater the academic motivation.El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la relación entre el autoconcepto académico y la motivación académica en jóvenes talento (Beca 18) de una universidad privada de Tarapoto. La muestra se obtuvo por un muestreo probabilístico, y se tuvo como participantes a 92 jóvenes talento, siendo el 47,8% de sexo masculino y el 52,2% de sexo femenino entre 17 y 22 años. Se utilizó un diseño no experimental de tipo descriptivo correlacional. Se evaluó la muestra con la Escala de Autoconcepto AF5 de García y Musitu, sección académico y compuesta por 6 ítems, y la Escala de Motivación Académica, conformada por 28 ítems. Las propiedades psicométricas de los instrumentos indicaron que son válidos y confiables. Los datos fueron procesados en el paquete estadístico SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciencies) versión 20.0. Los resultados evidencian que existe una relación directa y altamente significativa entre autoconcepto académico y motivación académica en los jóvenes talento (r = .301**, p<.004), lo que indica que, a mayor autoconcepto académico, mayor será la motivación académica.El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la relación entre el autoconcepto académico y la motivación académica en jóvenes talento (Beca 18) de una universidad privada de Tarapoto. La muestra se obtuvo por un muestreo probabilístico, y se tuvo como participantes a 92 jóvenes talento, siendo el 47,8% de sexo masculino y el 52,2% de sexo femenino entre 17 y 22 años. Se utilizó un diseño no experimental de tipo descriptivo correlacional. Se evaluó la muestra con la Escala de Autoconcepto AF5 de García y Musitu, sección académico y compuesta por 6 ítems, y la Escala de Motivación Académica, conformada por 28 ítems. Las propiedades psicométricas de los instrumentos indicaron que son válidos y confiables. Los datos fueron procesados en el paquete estadístico SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciencies) versión 20.0. Los resultados evidencian que existe una relación directa y altamente significativa entre autoconcepto académico y motivación académica en los jóvenes talento (r = .301**, p<.004), lo que indica que, a mayor autoconcepto académico, mayor será la motivación académica

Autoconcepto académico y motivación académica en jóvenes talento de una universidad privada de Tarapoto

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between academic self-concept and academic motivation in young talents (Scholarship 18) at a Private University in Tarapoto city, Peru. The sample was obtained through a probabislitic sampling and there were 92 young talents, being 47,8% male and 52,2% female between 17 and 22 years old. I used a descriptive, correlational and non-experimental design. The sample was evaluated using the AF5 Self-concept Scale (García and Musitu) academic section that consists of 6 items, and the Academic Motivation Scale that consists of 28 items. The psychometric properties of the instruments indicated that they are valid and reliable. Data were processed in SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 20.0. The results show that there is a direct and highly significant relationship between academic self-concept and academic motivation in young talents (r = .301**, p<.004), which indicates the higher the academic self-concept, the greater the academic motivation.El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la relación entre el autoconcepto académico y la motivación académica en jóvenes talento (Beca 18) de una universidad privada de Tarapoto. La muestra se obtuvo por un muestreo probabilístico, y se tuvo como participantes a 92 jóvenes talento, siendo el 47,8% de sexo masculino y el 52,2% de sexo femenino entre 17 y 22 años. Se utilizó un diseño no experimental de tipo descriptivo correlacional. Se evaluó la muestra con la Escala de Autoconcepto AF5 de García y Musitu, sección académico y compuesta por 6 ítems, y la Escala de Motivación Académica, conformada por 28 ítems. Las propiedades psicométricas de los instrumentos indicaron que son válidos y confiables. Los datos fueron procesados en el paquete estadístico SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciencies) versión 20.0. Los resultados evidencian que existe una relación directa y altamente significativa entre autoconcepto académico y motivación académica en los jóvenes talento (r = .301**, p<.004), lo que indica que, a mayor autoconcepto académico, mayor será la motivación académica.El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la relación entre el autoconcepto académico y la motivación académica en jóvenes talento (Beca 18) de una universidad privada de Tarapoto. La muestra se obtuvo por un muestreo probabilístico, y se tuvo como participantes a 92 jóvenes talento, siendo el 47,8% de sexo masculino y el 52,2% de sexo femenino entre 17 y 22 años. Se utilizó un diseño no experimental de tipo descriptivo correlacional. Se evaluó la muestra con la Escala de Autoconcepto AF5 de García y Musitu, sección académico y compuesta por 6 ítems, y la Escala de Motivación Académica, conformada por 28 ítems. Las propiedades psicométricas de los instrumentos indicaron que son válidos y confiables. Los datos fueron procesados en el paquete estadístico SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciencies) versión 20.0. Los resultados evidencian que existe una relación directa y altamente significativa entre autoconcepto académico y motivación académica en los jóvenes talento (r = .301**, p<.004), lo que indica que, a mayor autoconcepto académico, mayor será la motivación académica

La osteotomía derotadora subtrocanterea en el tratamiento de la Enfermedad de Perthes: experiencia personal

El tratamiento de la enfermedad de Perthes y sus fundamentos patogenéticos están aún sometidos a controversias. Los autores analizan los resultados obtenidos en 43 caderas tratadas y resaltan en la importancia que par a el pronóstico tienen la edad, el sexo, el grado de Catteral, y la subluxación de la cabeza femoral. Proponen como tratamientos su recentraje mediante la osteotomía derotadora subtrocanterea , a veces varizante , para una mejor distribución de cargas, las cuales consideran que son un estímulo par a las fases de reosificación y de remodelación del núcleo en la historia de la enfermedad.Th e treatmen t o f Perthe s diseas e an d its pathogeni c origin s ar e contro - versial . Th e author s hav e analize d th e results obtaine d base d o n thei r casuistr y o f 4 3 Hips, an d emphasiz e th e importanc e fo r th e prognosis o f age , sex , th e degre e o f Catheral, an d th e subluxatio n o f th e femora l head . T h e author s propos e a s treatmen t th e recenterin g usin g subtrochanteri c derota - tiona l osteotomy , sometime s Varus-Producing , fo r bette r loa d distribution , whic h the y conside r a s a stimulatio n for th e fase s o f reosificatio n an d remodelin g o f th e hea d durin g th e cours e o f th e disease

La Economía Política del Proceso Presupuestario: El caso peruano

Este estudio presenta el caso del Perú. El documento brinda una descripción de los actores principales involucrados en el proceso presupuestario y de sus interacciones. Describe los principales determinantes políticos y económicos del desempeño fiscal y considera el impacto de los arreglos políticos e institucionales que gobiernan el funcionamiento del proceso presupuestario en sus diferentes etapas.

Wear Fast, Die Young: More Worn Teeth and Shorter Lives in Iberian Compared to Scottish Red Deer

Teeth in Cervidae are permanent structures that are not replaceable or repairable; consequently their rate of wear, due to the grinding effect of food and dental attrition, affects their duration and can determine an animal's lifespan. Tooth wear is also a useful indicator of accumulative life energy investment in intake and mastication and their interactions with diet. Little is known regarding how natural and sexual selection operate on dental structures within a species in contrasting environments and how these relate to life history traits to explain differences in population rates of tooth wear and longevity. We hypothesised that populations under harsh environmental conditions should be selected for more hypsodont teeth while sexual selection may maintain similar sex differences within different populations. We investigated the patterns of tooth wear in males and females of Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) in Southern Spain and Scottish red deer (C. e. scoticus) across Scotland, that occur in very different environments, using 10343 samples from legal hunting activities. We found higher rates of both incisor and molar wear in the Spanish compared to Scottish populations. However, Scottish red deer had larger incisors at emergence than Iberian red deer, whilst molars emerged at a similar size in both populations and sexes. Iberian and Scottish males had earlier tooth depletion than females, in support of a similar sexual selection process in both populations. However, whilst average lifespan for Iberian males was 4 years shorter than that for Iberian females and Scottish males, Scottish males only showed a reduction of 1 year in average lifespan with respect to Scottish females. More worn molars were associated with larger mandibles in both populations, suggesting that higher intake and/or greater investment in food comminution may have favoured increased body growth, before later loss of tooth efficiency due to severe wear. These results illustrate how independent selection in both subspecies, that diverged 11,700 years BP, has resulted in the evolution of different longevity, although sexual selection has maintained a similar pattern of relative sex differences in tooth depletion. This study opens interesting questions on optimal allocation in life history trade-offs and the independent evolution of allopatric populations.The European Union Lifelong Learning programme (Leonardo da Vinci) supported the post-graduate students that collaborated in this study. The Scottish Government through the Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division (RESAS), Deer Commission Scotland and Scottish Natural Heritage (project RP64) and Spanish Ministry of Science (projects CGL2007-63594 and CGL2010-17163) funded this study. During the writing up of this study FJPB was granted with a visiting professor fellowship by the University of Cordoba (Spain)

Implantación de un sistema de cálculo simbólico en el primer curso de matemáticas

Con la ayuda de un sistema de cálculo simbólico, se ofrecieron actividades en donde los conceptos fueron estudiados usando diversos sistemas de representación y las potencialidades de la calculadora como instrumento transformador del modo de representación, instrumento de verificación e instrumento de visualización, fueron usadas para trabajar la dupla expresión-contenido

On-site forest fire smoke detection by low-power autonomous vision sensor

Early detection plays a crucial role to prevent forest fires from spreading. Wireless vision sensor networks deployed throughout high-risk areas can perform fine-grained surveillance and thereby very early detection and precise location of forest fires. One of the fundamental requirements that need to be met at the network nodes is reliable low-power on-site image processing. It greatly simplifies the communication infrastructure of the network as only alarm signals instead of complete images are transmitted, anticipating thus a very competitive cost. As a first approximation to fulfill such a requirement, this paper reports the results achieved from field tests carried out in collaboration with the Andalusian Fire-Fighting Service (INFOCA). Two controlled burns of forest debris were realized (www.youtube.com/user/vmoteProject). Smoke was successfully detected on-site by the EyeRISTM v1.2, a general-purpose autonomous vision system, built by AnaFocus Ltd., in which a vision algorithm was programmed. No false alarm was triggered despite the significant motion other than smoke present in the scene. Finally, as a further step, we describe the preliminary laboratory results obtained from a prototype vision chip which implements, at very low energy cost, some image processing primitives oriented to environmental monitoring.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación 2006-TIC-2352, TEC2009-1181