108 research outputs found
Separaxion anxiety in pediatric migraine without aura: A pilot study
Background: Separation anxiety (SA) can be defined as the fear reaction and protest manifested by children when the main caregivers move away from him/her or in front of unfamiliar person. SA near eight months may be considered as an important and normal phase of the correct and typical social neurodevelopment. Aims of the present pilot study is assessing the prevalence of separation anxiety in a population of patients with migraine without aura (MwA). Materials and methods: 119 children (69 males) suffering from MwA (mean age 1.78 ± 7:59) were consecutively recruited. The control population consisted of 231 (114 males) healthy subjects similar for age (7.64 ± 1:34; p = 0.768) and gender (p=0.987) The Screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders (SCARED) test was used to assess the prevalence of separation anxiety among MwA children. Results: Healthy individuals are on average less affected (mean 4.72 ± 0:32) of the Separation Anxiety Disorder respect of MwA children (mean 6.83 ± 0.97; p < 0.001) (Figure 1). Conclusion. MwA presents many psychiatric comorbidities and among ones separation anxiety may be considered in the clinical and therapeutic management of pediatric primary headache
The Compact UV Nucleus of M33
The most luminous X-ray source in the Local Group is associated with the
nucleus of M33. This source, M33 X-8, appears modulated by ~20% over a ~106 day
period, making it unlikely that the combined emission from unresolved sources
could explain the otherwise persistent ~1e39 erg/s X-ray flux (Dubus et al.
1997, Hernquist et al. 1991). We present here high resolution UV imaging of the
nucleus with the Planetary Camera of the HST undertaken in order to search for
the counterpart to X-8. The nucleus is bluer and more compact than at longer
wavelength images but it is still extended with half of its 3e38 erg/s UV
luminosity coming from the inner 0.14". We cannot distinguish between a
concentrated blue population and emission from a single object.Comment: 3 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ Letter
The eclipsing X-ray pulsar X-7 in M33
Using our extensive ROSAT X-ray observations of M33, we confirm a 3.45 day
eclipse period for the Einstein source X-7 (Larson & Schulman, 1997) and
discover evidence for a 0.31-s pulse period. The orbital period, pulse period
and observed X-ray luminosity are remarkably similar to SMC X-1. We therefore
suggest M33 X-7 is a neutron star high mass X-ray binary with a 15-40 Msol O/B
companion and a binary separation of 25-33 Rsol if the companion is almost
filling its Roche lobe.Comment: accepted for publication in MNRA
Photometric Analysis of the Optical Counterpart of the Black Hole HMXB M33 X-7
Aims: Study the high-mass X-ray binary X-7 in M33 using broad-band optical
data.
Methods: We used recently published CFHT r' and i' data for variable stars in
M33 to extract the light curve of the optical counterpart of X-7. We combined
these data with DIRECT B and V measurements in order to search for an
independent optical modulation with the X-ray periodicity. The periodic
modulation is modelled with the ellipsoidal effect. We used UBVRr'i' magnitudes
of the system to constrain the temperature and radius of the optical component.
Results: The optical data revealed a periodicity of 3.4530 +- 0.0014 days,
which is consistent with the known X-ray period. Double modulation, which we
attributed to ellipsoidal modulation, is clearly seen in four different optical
bands. The absolute magnitude in six optical bands is most consistent with a
stellar counterpart with 33000 < T_{eff} < 47000 K and 15 < R < 20 R_{\sun}. We
modelled the optical periodic modulation and derived the masses of the two
components as a function of the orbital inclination and the radius of the
stellar component. The resulting mass range for the compact object is 1.3 < M <
23 M_{\sun}.
Conclusions: The system is probably a black hole HMXB, similar to Cyg X-1,
LMC X-1 and LMC X-3.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&
The future outlook on allergen immunotherapy in children: 2018 and beyond.
Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only currently available immune-modifying and aetiological treatment for patients suffering from IgE-mediated diseases. In childhood, it represents a suitable therapeutic option to intervene during the early phases of respiratory allergic diseases such as rhino-conjunctivitis and asthma, which is when their progression may be more easily influenced. A growing body of evidence shows that oral immunotherapy represents a promising treatment option in children with persistent IgE- mediated food allergy. The efficacy of AIT is under investigation also in patients with extrinsic atopic dermatitis, currently with controversial results. Furthermore, AIT might be a strategy to prevent the development of a new sensitization or of a (new) allergic disease. However, there are still some methodological criticisms, such as: a) the regimen of administration and the amount of the maintenance dose are both largely variable; b) the protocols of administration are not standardized; c) the description and classification of side effects is variable among studies and needs to be standardized; d) quality of life and evaluation of health economics are overall missing. All these aspects make difficult to compare each study with another. In addition, the content of major allergen(s) remains largely variable among manufacturers and the availability of AIT products differences among countries. The interest and the attention to AIT treatment are currently fervent and increasing. Well-designed studies are awaited in the near future in order to overcome the current gaps in the evidence and furtherly promote implementation strategies
The eclipsing massive X-ray binary M33 X-7: New X-ray observations and optical identification
The eclipsing X-ray binary M33 X-7 was in the field of view during several
observations of our XMM-Newton M33 survey and in the archival Chanfdra
observation 1730 which cover a large part of the 3.45 d orbital period. We
detect emission of M33 X-7 during eclipse and a soft X-ray spectrum of the
source out of eclipse that can best be described by bremsstrahlung or disk
blackbody models. No significant regular pulsations of the source in the range
0.25-1000 s were found. The average source luminosity out of eclipse is 5E37
erg/s (0.5-4.5 keV). In a special analysis of DIRECT observations we identify
as optical counterpart a B0I to O7I star of 18.89 mag in V which shows the
ellipsoidal heating light curve of a high mass X-ray binary with the M33 X-7
binary period. The location of the X-ray eclipse and the optical minima allow
us to determine an improved binary period and ephemeris of mid-eclipse as HJD
(2451760.61+-0.09)+- N * (3.45376+-0.00021). The mass of the compact object
derived from orbital parameters and the optical companion mass, the lack of
pulsations, and the X-ray spectrum of M33 X-7 may indicate that the compact
object in the system is a black hole. M33 X-7 would be the first detected
eclipsing high mass black hole X-ray binary.Comment: 9 pages including 6 figures, A&A accepte
ROSAT HRI observations of M33
Our 35 ksec ROSAT HRI observation of M33 reveals 37 Xâray sources stronger than about 2.3Ï. Eight of the sources are coincident with supernova remnants, four are coincident with giant HII regions, and three are coincident with HI holes. M33 Xâ7 is a compact accreting eclipsing binary, similar to binary Xâray sources detected in the Galaxy. Our ROSAT data confirm the binary interpretation and allow us to measure the period to an accuracy of 0.001%. The nuclear source, M33 Xâ8, is not found to be variable in the ROSAT HRI observations, although it varied as much as 40% between Einstein HRI observations. © 1994 American Institute of PhysicsPeer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/87910/2/345_1.pd
M 33 X-7: ChASeM33 reveals the first eclipsing black hole X-ray binary
The first observations conducted as part of the Chandra ACIS survey of M 33
(ChASeM33) sampled the eclipsing X-ray binary M 33 X-7 over a large part of the
3.45 d orbital period and have resolved eclipse ingress and egress for the
first time. The occurrence of the X-ray eclipse allows us to determine an
improved ephemeris of mid-eclipse and binary period as HJD (2453639.119+-0.005)
+- N x (3.453014+-0.000020) and constrain the eclipse half angle to (26.5+-1.1)
degree. There are indications for a shortening of the orbital period. The X-ray
spectrum is best described by a disk blackbody spectrum typical for black hole
X-ray binaries in the Galaxy. We find a flat power density spectrum and no
significant regular pulsations were found in the frequency range of 10^{-4} to
0.15 Hz. HST WFPC2 images resolve the optical counterpart, which can be
identified as an O6III star with the help of extinction and colour corrections
derived from the X-ray absorption. Based on the optical light curve, the mass
of the compact object in the system most likely exceeds 9 M_sun. This mass, the
shape of the X-ray spectrum and the short term X-ray time variability identify
M 33 X-7 as the first eclipsing black hole high mass X-ray binary.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, ApJ accepte
XMM-Newton survey of the Local Group galaxy M 33
In an XMM-Newton raster observation of the bright Local Group spiral galaxy M
33 we study the population of X-ray sources (X-ray binaries, supernova
remnants) down to a 0.2--4.5 keV luminosity of 10^35 erg/s -- more than a
factor of 10 deeper than earlier ROSAT observations. EPIC hardness ratios and
optical and radio information are used to distinguish between different source
classes. The survey detects 408 sources in an area of 0.80 square degree. We
correlate these newly detected sources with earlier M 33 X-ray catalogues and
information from optical, infra-red and radio wavelengths. As M 33 sources we
detect 21 supernova remnants (SNR) and 23 SNR candidates, 5 super-soft sources,
and 2 X-ray binaries (XRBs). There are 267 sources classified as hard, which
may either be XRBs or Crab-like SNRs in M 33 or background AGN. The 44
confirmed and candidate SNRs more than double the number of X-ray detected SNRs
in M 33. 16 of these are proposed as SNR candidates from the X-ray data for the
first time. On the other hand, there are several sources not connected to M 33:
five foreground stars, 30 foreground star candidates, 12 active galactic
nucleus candidates, one background galaxy and one background galaxy candidate.
Extrapolating from deep field observations we would expect 175 to 210
background sources in this field. This indicates that about half of the sources
detected are sources within M 33.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in A&A, the images of
Figs. 1,2,3,4,6 are available in jpg format, a full version of the paper is
available at ftp://ftp.xray.mpe.mpg.de/people/fwh/docs/M33_AA0068.p
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