Lagrangian Volume Deformations around Simulated Galaxies

We present a detailed analysis of the local evolution of 206 Lagrangian Volumes (LVs) selected at high redshift around galaxy seeds, identified in a large-volume $\Lambda$ cold dark matter ($\Lambda$CDM) hydrodynamical simulation. The LVs have a mass range of $1 - 1500 \times 10^{10} M_\odot$. We follow the dynamical evolution of the density field inside these initially spherical LVs from $z=10$ up to $z_{\rm low} = 0.05$, witnessing highly non-linear, anisotropic mass rearrangements within them, leading to the emergence of the local cosmic web (CW). These mass arrangements have been analysed in terms of the reduced inertia tensor $I_{ij}^r$, focusing on the evolution of the principal axes of inertia and their corresponding eigendirections, and paying particular attention to the times when the evolution of these two structural elements declines. In addition, mass and component effects along this process have also been investigated. We have found that deformations are led by dark matter dynamics and they transform most of the initially spherical LVs into prolate shapes, i.e. filamentary structures. An analysis of the individual freezing-out time distributions for shapes and eigendirections shows that first most of the LVs fix their three axes of symmetry (like a skeleton) early on, while accretion flows towards them still continue. Very remarkably, we have found that more massive LVs fix their skeleton earlier on than less massive ones. We briefly discuss the astrophysical implications our findings could have, including the galaxy mass-morphology relation and the effects on the galaxy-galaxy merger parameter space, among others.Comment: 23 pages, 20 figures. Minor editorial improvement

Large-scale gas dynamics in the adhesion model: Implications for the two-phase massive galaxy formation scenario

This article has been accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ©: 2011 RAS © 2011 The AuthorsPublished by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reservedWe have studied the mass assembly and star formation histories of massive galaxies identified at low redshift in different cosmological hydrodynamical simulations. To this end, we have carried out a detailed follow-up backwards in time of their constituent mass elements (sampled by particles) of different types. After that, the configurations they depict at progressively higher zs were carefully analysed. The analyses show that these histories share common generic patterns, irrespective of particular circumstances. In any case, however, the results we have found are different depending on the particle type. The most outstanding differences follow. We have found that by z∼ 3.5-6, mass elements identified as stellar particles at z= 0 exhibit a gaseous cosmic-web-like morphology with scales of ∼1 physical Mpc, where the densest mass elements have already turned into stars by z∼ 6. These settings are in fact the densest pieces of the cosmic web, where no hot particles show up, and dynamically organized as a hierarchy of flow convergence regions (FCRs), that is, attraction basins for mass flows. At high z FCRs undergo fast contractive deformations with very low angular momentum, shrinking them violently. Indeed, by z∼ 1 most of the gaseous or stellar mass they contain shows up as bound to a massive elliptical-like object at their centres, with typical half-mass radii of rmass star∼ 2-3kpc. After this, a second phase comes about where the mass assembly rate is much slower and characterized by mergers involving angular momentum. On the other hand, mass elements identified at the diffuse hot coronae surrounding massive galaxies at z= 0 do not display a clear web-like morphology at any z. Diffuse gas is heated when FCRs go through contractive deformations. Most of this gas remains hot and with low density throughout the evolution. To shed light on the physical foundations of the behaviour revealed by our analyses (i.e. a two-phase formation process with different implications for diffuse or shocked mass elements), as well as on their possible observational implications, these patterns have been confronted with some generic properties of singular flows as described by the adhesion model (i.e. potential character of the velocity field, singular versus regular points, dressing, locality when a spectrum of perturbations is implemented). We have found that the common patterns the simulations show can be interpreted as a natural consequence of flow properties that, moreover, could explain different generic observational results from massive galaxies or their samples. We briefly discuss some of themThis work was partially supported by the DGES (Spain) through the grants AYA2009-12792-C03-02 and AYA2009-12792- C03-03 from the PNAyA, as well as by the regional Madrid V PRICIT programme through the ASTROMADRID network (CAM S2009/ESP-1496

Efficiency and Innovation in Sub-Networks of Companies. A Study of the Spanish Ceramics District

La homogeneidad dentro del distrito industrial frente a las empresas externas se ha asumido tradicionalmente en la literatura. Sin embargo, nuestro trabajo sugiere que los distritos muestran un cierto grado de heterogeneidad. Así puede, atendiendo a variables relacionales, hablarse de la existencia de una core network y de una periphery network. A partir de un método cuantitativo se pretende investigar, para el caso del distrito industrial de la cerámica de Castellón (españa), la existencia de diferencias significativas en eficiencia técnica e innovación entre estos dos grupos de empresas. La confirmación de la heterogeneidad interna concita nuevas líneas de trabajo en el campo de los distritos industriales.Homogeneity in the industrial district with respect to outside companies has traditionally been an assumption in the literature. However, this paper suggests that districts show a certain degree of heterogeneity. Thus, based on relational variables, two different networks can be referred to: Core and Periphery. These groups of firms vary in terms of behavior and performance. Using quantitative methods, this research explores the existence of significant differences in technical efficiency and innovation between the two groups of firms in the spanish ceramic tile industrial district. Findings confirming internal heterogeneity suggest new lines of research in this field.L'homogénéité à l'intérieur du district industriel face aux entreprises externes a traditionnellement été assumée dans la littérature. Cependant, notre travail suggère que les districts montrent un certain degré d'hétérogénéité. Il est donc possible, tenant compte de variables relationnelles, de considérer l'existence de core network et de periphery network. À partir d'une méthode quantitative, on prétend faire une recherche, pour le cas du district industriel de céramique de Castellón (espagne), sur l'existence de différences significatives en efficacité technique et en innovation entre ces deux groupes d'entreprises. La confirmation de l'hétérogénéité interne incite à ouvrir de nouvelles lignes de travail dans le champ des districts industriels.A homogeneidade dentro do setor industrial ante as empresas externas vem sendo assumido tradicionalmente na literatura. Contudo, nosso trabalho sugere que os setores mostram um grau de heterogeneidade. Assim, atendendo a variáveis relacionais, pode-se falar da existência de uma core network e de uma periphery network. A partir de um método quantitativo, pretende-se pesquisar, para o caso do setor industrial da cerâmica de Castellón (espanha), a existência de diferenças significativas em eficiência técnica e inovação entre estes dois grupos de empresas. A confirmação da heterogeneidade interna concita novas linhas de trabalhos no campo dos setores industriais.Esta investigación ha sido financiada por el Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, Plan Nacional de I+D+i (2007-2010), proyecto “El Distrito Industrial: el impacto del Capital Social sobre la Gestión de la Cadena de Suministro” (SEJ2007-62876/ECON

Efficiency of the ceramic industrial district firms in Castellón: a comparative analysis through non-radial measures

La homogeneidad de las empresas pertenecientes al distrito industrial ha sido asumida tradicionalmente en la literatura sobre el tema. Sin embargo, diversos autores han señalado la posibilidad de identificar subredes de relaciones diferentes dentro del mismo. Así, atendiendo a variables relacionales, puede hablarse de la existencia de una core network y de una periphery network (Morrison y Rabellotti, 2005), con diferencias en su comportamiento y resultados. En este trabajo se pretende investigar, para el caso del distrito industrial de la cerámica de Castellón (España), la existencia de diferencias significativas en eficiencia entre estos dos grupos de empresas. Para ello se recurre a una metodología que permite estimar medidas no radiales de eficiencia, obteniéndose para cada una de las empresas un índice de eficiencia de cada uno de los inputs considerados al caracterizar el proceso de transformación, y a partir de estos una medida de eficiencia global. La confirmación de la heterogeneidad interna concita nuevas líneas de trabajo en el campo de los distritos industrialesScholars and practitioners have been led to rethink the principles of territorial systems, such as industrial district. Some authors have pointed the possibility to identified diverse networks of relations inside one district. For instance, and based on relational variables, can be found two different networks: Core and Periphery (Morrison and Rabellotti, 2005). These groups of firms vary in terms of behavior and performance. This research explores for the case of the Spanish ceramic tile industrial district the existence of significant differences in efficiency between the two groups of firms. Findings confirming internal heterogeneity suggest new lines of research in this fieldEsta investigación ha sido financiada por el Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, Plan Nacional de I+D+i (2007-2010), proyecto “El Distrito Industrial: el impacto del Capital Social sobre la Gestión de la Cadena de Suministro” (SEJ2007-62876/ECON

Employment protection legislation and labor court activity in Spain

La intervención de los juzgados de lo Social en casos de despido da lugar a que pueda existir una diferencia importante entre las indemnizaciones por despido establecidas por la ley y los costes efectivos de despido (después de su resolución). Además de los costes asociados al procedimiento judicial, están los derivados de la incertidumbre sobre el sentido de la sentencia, que puede declarar el despido improcedente, lo que implica una subida sustancial de las indemnizaciones. En 2010 y 2012 sendas reformas laborales ampliaron la definición de despido objetivo procedente en España. En este artículo se usan datos provinciales sobre sentencias judiciales en casos de despido referidos a períodos anteriores y posteriores a la reforma (2004-2014). En este análisis se tienen en cuenta algunas características provinciales (las condiciones locales del mercado de trabajo, características de los juzgados de lo Social, la prevalencia de conciliaciones judiciales, la congestión judicial) que pueden influir en la selección de casos de despido que acaban siendo resueltos por sentencia judicial. Los resultados indican que, a pesar de las reformas de 2010 y 2012, la proporción de despidos que son declarados procedentes por los juzgados de lo Social no ha aumentado significativamente, aunque ahora muestra una asociación negativa con la tasa de paro local menor que en el periodo anterior a las reformasLabor courts may introduce a significant wedge between “legal” firing costs and “effective” (post-trial) firing costs. Apart from procedural costs, there is uncertainty over judges’ rulings, in particular over the likelihood of a “fair” dismissal ultimately being ruled as “unfair”, which may increase fi ring costs significantly. In 2010 and 2012, reforms of Employment Protection Legislation widened the definition of fair economic dismissals in Spain. In this paper we look at Labor Court rulings on dismissals across Spanish provinces before and after the EPL reforms (2004-2014). We make this comparison taking into account a set of co-variates (local labor market conditions, characteristics of the Labor Courts, pre-trial conciliations, congestion of Labor Courts) which may determine the selection of dismissal cases ruled by Labor Courts. Our results suggest that, despite the 2010 and 2012 EPL reforms, the proportion of economic redundancies being ruled as fair by Labor Courts has not substantially increased, although it is now less negatively associated with the local unemployment rate than in the pre-reform perio

No-reproducing of Varroa jacobsoni in Apis mellifera iberica

We checked no-reproduction of Varroa jacobsoni in a honeybee race, Apis mellifera iberica. Two groups of three colonies from different apiaries located in Cazorla (Jaén) were checked. Only cells containing white pupa with red-brown eyes and a single mother mite were used. There were diferences between high and low parasitized groups, but only using natural data, not when we use percentages. Further experiments are necessary in order to know the source of these diferences.En este trabajo hemos chequeado la falta de éxito reproductivo del parásito Varroa jacobsoni Oud en dos grupos de colonias de la raza de abejas Apis mellifera iberica procedentes de dos colmenares de la Sierra de Cazorla. Cada grupo se encontraba formado por tres colonias. Celdillas de cría de abejas obreras en estado de pupas blancas con ojos pardos fueron desoperculadas, registrando si se encontraban parasitadas o no, y en aquellas parasitadas por una única varroa progenitora la falta de éxito reproductivo, entendiendo como tal la ausencia de descendientes o la presencia exclusiva de descendientes machos y/o protoninfas. La falta de éxito reproductivo fue superior en el grupo menos parasitado, aunque sólo se pudieron establecer diferencias significativas cuando trabajamos con los datos naturales, y no con los porcentajes