Derivations of abelian Lie algebra extensions

Let $0 \rightarrow A\rightarrow L {\rightarrow} B \rightarrow 0$ be an abelian extension of Lie algebras. In this paper, we construct certain exact sequences which relate derivations with the Lie algebra cohomology group $H^{2}(B,A)$, and apply them to study extending derivations of $A$ and lifting derivations of $B$ to certain derivations of $L$

Derivation subalgebras of Lie algebras

Let $L$ be a Lie algebra and $I,$ $J$ be two ideals of $L$. If \Der_J^I(L) denotes the set of all derivations of $L$ whose images are in $I$ and send $J$ to zero, then we give necessary and sufficient conditions under which \Der_J^I(L) is equal to some special subalgebras of the derivation algebra of $L$. We also consider finite dimensional Lie algebra for which the center of the set of inner derivations, Z(\IDer(L)), is equal to the set of central derivations of $L$, \Der_z(L), and give a characterisation of such Lie algebras

Therapeutic effects of Crocus sativus: An overview of systematic reviews

Background and aims: Traditionally, plants have long been applied in the treatment of various diseases throughout the history of human life. The antimicrobial activity of plant extracts in the laboratory is studied on Gram positive and negative strains of human infectious agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Mentha longifolia against important human pathogens. Methods: This was an experimental study and no statistical method was used. The antimicrobial effect of ethanol extracts of Mentha longifolia were investigated on Salmonella typhimurium were determined using broth microdilution method. The broth microdilution method was used to determine the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). All tests were performed in Mueller Hinton broth supplemented with Tween 80 at a final concentration of 0.5%. Results: The results showed that the lowest MIC concentration was 5 mg/ml that 1 strain of Salmonella was inhibited. The highest and the lowest MBC values of extract were 40 and 10 mg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: Since the antibiotic resistant bacteria are increasing in the world, replacing the chemical and synthetic antibiotics with natural products is essential. It can be concluded from the results of this study that using herbal plant instead of antibiotics can resolve some antibiotic resistant problems

Antibacterial activity of Mentha longifolia against Salmonella typhimurium

Background and aims: Traditionally, plants have long been applied in the treatment of various diseases throughout the history of human life. The antimicrobial activity of plant extracts in the laboratory is studied on Gram positive and negative strains of human infectious agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Mentha longifolia against important human pathogens. Methods: This was an experimental study and no statistical method was used. The antimicrobial effect of ethanol extracts of Mentha longifolia were investigated on Salmonella typhimurium were determined using broth microdilution method. The broth microdilution method was used to determine the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). All tests were performed in Mueller Hinton broth supplemented with Tween 80 at a final concentration of 0.5%. Results: The results showed that the lowest MIC concentration was 5 mg/ml that 1 strain of Salmonella was inhibited. The highest and the lowest MBC values of extract were 40 and 10 mg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: Since the antibiotic resistant bacteria are increasing in the world, replacing the chemical and synthetic antibiotics with natural products is essential. It can be concluded from the results of this study that using herbal plant instead of antibiotics can resolve some antibiotic resistant problems

Cytotoxicity of Sambucus ebulus on cancer cell lines and protective effects of vitamins C and E against its cytotoxicity on normal cell lines

Isolation and identification of potent anti-tumor compounds from medicinal plants, has motivated researchers to screen plant species for anti-tumor effects. Regarding the traditional utilization of Sambucus ebulus, Iranian native botany and its active ingredients (e.g. ebulitin and ebulin 1), cytotoxicity of ethyl acetate extract from S. ebulus (SEE) on HepG2 and CT26 cancer cell lines was investigated. Also, protective effects of vitamins C and E against SEE-induced cytotoxicity on normal cell lines were studied. Cytotoxicity of SEE on cancer (HepG2 and CT26) and normal (CHO and rat fibroblast) cell lines was evaluated by MTT assay. IC50 of SEE on the cell lines was assessed. Furthermore, IC50 of SEE on normal cell lines with exposure to vitamins C, E and C+E was studied. SEE possessed lower IC50 in cancer cell lines compared with normal cell lines. It manifested high cytotoxicity that can act as anticancer compound. Also, cytotoxicity of SEE on normal cell lines in presence of vitamins C+E, E and C decreased. The results demonstrate that SEE is an effective cytotoxic agent on liver and colon cancer cells and suggest that vitamins C and E may protect normal cells, when SEE were used in cancer therapy in future.Keywords: Sambucus ebulus, cytotoxicity, IC50, MTT assay, cell line, vitamins C and E.African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(21), pp. 3360-336

Synthesis and Optimization of Reversible Circuits - A Survey

Reversible logic circuits have been historically motivated by theoretical research in low-power electronics as well as practical improvement of bit-manipulation transforms in cryptography and computer graphics. Recently, reversible circuits have attracted interest as components of quantum algorithms, as well as in photonic and nano-computing technologies where some switching devices offer no signal gain. Research in generating reversible logic distinguishes between circuit synthesis, post-synthesis optimization, and technology mapping. In this survey, we review algorithmic paradigms --- search-based, cycle-based, transformation-based, and BDD-based --- as well as specific algorithms for reversible synthesis, both exact and heuristic. We conclude the survey by outlining key open challenges in synthesis of reversible and quantum logic, as well as most common misconceptions.Comment: 34 pages, 15 figures, 2 table

Logistic regression of some risk factors underlying the outbreak of streptococcusis in rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) farms in Haraz River, Mazandaran Province, Iran

Streptococcusis is the one of the most important bacterial fish diseases with outbreak in rainbow trout farms in Iran. The fish farmers have been largely suffered from huge economic losses due to the Streptococcusis outbreaks in different rainbow trout farms in Iran. The present study assessed the effects of some environmental risk factors on incidence of streptococcusis in rainbow trout farms in Haraz River in Mazandaran Province, Iran. A suit of environmental factors including water temperature, nitrite, nitrate, ammonium, water turbidity, DO, water Debi and total count of bacteria were explored as influential factors. Fish and water samples were randomly collected from 10 farm on a monthly basis throughout a year. Isolation and recognition of strep strains were made using biochemical and PCR tests and the data were analyzed by logistic regression method. According to the results, 20% of the differences were explained by the logistic model. Management of these factors might decline the rate of disease outbreak

Deep XMM-Newton observations of the northern disc of M31. I. Source catalogue

We carried out new observations of two fields in the northern ring of M31 with XMM-Newton with two exposures of 100 ks each and obtained a complete list of X-ray sources down to a sensitivity limit of ~7 x 10^34 erg s^-1 (0.5 - 2.0 keV). The major objective of the observing programme was the study of the hot phase of the ISM in M31. The analysis of the diffuse emission and the study of the ISM is presented in a separate paper. We analysed the spectral properties of all detected sources using hardness ratios and spectra if the statistics were high enough. We also checked for variability. We cross-correlated the source list with the source catalogue of a new survey of the northern disc of M31 carried out with Chandra and Hubble (Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury, PHAT) as well as with other existing catalogues. We detected a total of 389 sources, including 43 foreground stars and candidates and 50 background sources. Based on the comparison to the Chandra/PHAT survey, we classify 24 hard X-ray sources as new candidates for X-ray binaries (XRBs). In total, we identified 34 XRBs and candidates and 18 supernova remnants (SNRs) and candidates. Three of the four brightest SNRs show emission mainly below 2 keV, consistent with shocked ISM. The spectra of two of them also require an additional component with a higher temperature. The SNR [SPH11] 1535 has a harder spectrum and might suggest that there is a pulsar-wind nebula inside the SNR. We find five new sources showing clear time variability. We also studied the spectral properties of the transient source SWIFT J004420.1+413702, which shows significant variation in flux over a period of seven months (June 2015 to January 2016) and associated change in absorption. Based on the likely optical counterpart detected in the Chandra/PHAT survey, the source is classified as a low-mass X-ray binary.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&