Symphytum Species: A Comprehensive Review on Chemical Composition, Food Applications and Phytopharmacology

Symphytum species belongs to the Boraginaceae family and have been used for centuries for bone breakages, sprains and rheumatism, liver problems, gastritis, ulcers, skin problems, joint pain and contusions, wounds, gout, hematomas and thrombophlebitis. Considering the innumerable potentialities of the Symphytum species and their widespread use in the world, it is extremely important to provide data compiling the available literature to identify the areas of intense research and the main gaps in order to design future studies. The present review aims at summarizing the main data on the therapeutic indications of the Symphytum species based on the current evidence, also emphasizing data on both the e cacy and adverse e ects. The present review was carried out by consulting PubMed (Medline), Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Database, Science Direct and Google Scholar (as a search engine) databases to retrieve the most updated articles on this topic. All articles were carefully analyzed by the authors to assess their strengths and weaknesses, and to select the most useful ones for the purpose of review, prioritizing articles published from 1956 to 2018. The pharmacological e ects of the Symphytum species are attributed to several chemical compounds, among them allantoin, phenolic compounds, glycopeptides, polysaccharides and some toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Not less important to highlight are the risks associated with its use. In fact, there is increasing consumption of over-the-counter drugs, which when associated with conventional drugs can cause serious and even fatal adverse events. Although clinical trials sustain the folk topical application of Symphytum species in musculoskeletal and blunt injuries, with minor adverse e ects, its antimicrobial potency was still poorly investigated. Further studies are needed to assess the antimicrobial spectrum of Symphytum species and to characterize the active molecules both in vitro and in vivo

Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.]

ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE AND BAND BENDING OF MODULATION-DOPED GaAs/Al-x Ga1-xAs SYMMETRIC AND ASYMMETRIC DOUBLE QUANTUM WELLS UNDER AN APPLIED ELECTRIC FIELD

In this study, we have calculated theoretically the effects of the electric field and doping concentration on the sub-band energies, the electron population, and total charge density in modulation-doped symmetric and asymmetric GaAs/Al0.33Ga0.67As double quantum wells. Electronic properties of the system are determined by the solving the Schrodinger and Poisson equations self-consistently in the effective-mass approximation. The application of an electric field in the growth direction of the system causes a polarization of the carrier distribution and shifts the sub-band energies, which may be used to control and modulate intensity output devices. In an asymmetric double-quantum-well structure, the effects mentioned above appear more clearly

The hydrostatic pressure and temperature effects on donor impurities in cylindrical quantum wire under the magnetic field

The combined effects of hydrostatic pressure and temperature on donor impurity binding energy in cylindrical GaAs/Ga0.7Al0.3As quantum wire in the presence of the magnetic field have been studied by using a variational technique within the effective-mass approximation. The results show that an increment in temperature results in a decrement in donor impurity binding energy while an increment in the pressure for the same temperature enhances the binding energy and the pressure effects on donor binding energy are lower than those due to the magnetic field. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved