Ideias educacionais para adiar o fim do mundo

This paper refers to the book by Ailton Krenak (2019), Ideas to postpone the end of the world. The work brings a present hope in the possibility of “postponement”. Extending time, postponing the end of the world, would allow us to envision the construction of social relations beyond capital. The educational ideas highlighted in this text have in common the principle of inserting educators and students in the reins of the pedagogical process, inquiring and defining their purposes, thus acting consciously on behalf of collective objectives. We think that only through a path in which we are genuinely builders of reality is there a possibility of postponing the end of the world. And so, fight so that, perhaps, this is just the end of the world ruled by capital and not the end of the human species.Este artículo hace referencia al libro de Ailton Krenak (2019), Ideas para posponer el fin del mundo. La obra trae una esperanza presente en la posibilidad de “aplazamiento”. Prolongar el tiempo, posponer el fin del mundo, permitiría vislumbrar la construcción de relaciones sociales más allá del capital. Las ideas educativas destacadas en este texto tienen en común el principio de insertar a educadores y educandos en las riendas del proceso pedagógico, indagando y definiendo sus fines, actuando así conscientemente en pro de objetivos colectivos. Pensamos que sólo a través de un camino en el que seamos genuinamente constructores de realidad existe la posibilidad de postergar el fin del mundo. Y así, luchar para que, quizás, este sea solo el fin del mundo gobernado por el capital y no el fin de la especie humana.Este texto faz referência ao livro de Ailton Krenak (2019), Ideias para adiar o fim do mundo. A obra traz uma esperança presente na possibilidade de “adiamento”. Estender o tempo, postergar o fim do mundo, nos permitiria vislumbrar a construção de relações sociais para além do capital. As ideias educacionais destacadas neste texto têm em comum o princípio de inserir educadores e educandos nas rédeas do processo pedagógico, indagando e definindo suas finalidades, agindo, desse modo, conscientemente em nome de objetivos coletivos. Pensamos que somente por um caminho em que sejamos genuinamente construtores da realidade há possibilidade de adiar o fim do mundo. E assim, lutar para que, quiçá, seja este apenas o fim do mundo regido pelo capital e, não, o da espécie humana

Identification of new ABA-and MEJA-activated sugarcane bZIP genes by data mining in the SUCEST database

Abstract Sugarcane is generally propagated by cuttings of the stalk containing one or more lateral buds, which will develop into a new plant. The transition from the dormant into the active stage constitutes a complex phenomenon characterized by changes in accumulation of phytohormones and several other physiological aspects. Abscisic acid (ABA) and methyl-jasmonate (MeJA) are major signaling molecules, which influence plant development and stress responses. These plant regulators modulate gene expression with the participation of many transcriptional factors. Basic leucine zipper proteins (bZIPs) form a large family of transcriptional factors involved in a variety of plant physiological processes, such as development and responses to stress. Query sequences consisting of fulllength protein sequence of each of the Arabidopsis bZIP families were utilized to screen the sugarcane EST database (SUCEST) and 86 sugarcane assembled sequences (SAS) coding for bZIPs were identified. cDNA arrays and RNA-gel blots were used to study the expression of these sugarcane bZIP genes during early plantlet development and in response to ABA and MeJA. Six bZIP genes were found to be differentially expressed during development. ABA and MeJA modulated the expression of eight sugarcane bZIP genes. Our findings provide novel insights into the expression of this large protein family of transcriptional factors in sugarcane

Delimiting the Origin of a B Chromosome by FISH Mapping, Chromosome Painting and DNA Sequence Analysis in Astyanax paranae (Teleostei, Characiformes)

Supernumerary (B) chromosomes have been shown to contain a wide variety of repetitive sequences. For this reason, fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) is a useful tool for ascertaining the origin of these genomic elements, especially when combined with painting from microdissected B chromosomes. In order to investigate the origin of B chromosomes in the fish species Astyanax paranae, these two approaches were used along with PCR amplification of specific DNA sequences obtained from the B chromosomes and its comparison with those residing in the A chromosomes. Remarkably, chromosome painting with the one-arm metacentric B chromosome probe showed hybridization signals on entire B chromosome, while FISH mapping revealed the presence of H1 histone and 18S rDNA genes symmetrically placed in both arms of the B chromosome. These results support the hypothesis that the B chromosome of A. paranae is an isochromosome. Additionally, the chromosome pairs Nos. 2 or 23 are considered the possible B chromosome ancestors since both contain syntenic H1 and 18S rRNA sequences. The analysis of DNA sequence fragments of the histone and rRNA genes obtained from the microdissected B chromosomes showed high similarity with those obtained from 0B individuals, which supports the intraspecific origin of B chromosomes in A. paranae. Finally, the population hereby analysed showed a female-biased B chromosome presence suggesting that B chromosomes in this species could influence sex determinism.This research was funded by grants from the State of São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) to DMZAS (2011/16825-3) and CO (2010/17009-2), grants from National Council for Research and Development (CNPq) to FF and by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Identificação de genes responsivos ao metil-jasmonato em cana-de-açúcar usando arranjos de cDNA

Jasmonic acid (JA) and its ester methyl jasmonate (MeJA) are linolenic acid-derived signaling molecules involved in plant development and stress responses. MeJA regulates gene expression at transcription, RNA processing and translation. We investigated the changes in gene expression in sugarcane leaves exposed to MeJA using cDNA arrays. Total RNA isolated at 0, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, and 12 h following MeJA treatment was labeled with alpha-33P-dCTP and hybridized to nylon filters containing 1,536 cDNA clones. A significant increase in gene expression in response to MeJA was detected for both novel and well known stress-related genes, while genes participating in photosynthesis and carbohydrate assimilation were down-regulated. Searches for conserved domains in unknown proteins and digital mRNA expression profile analysis revealed putative new stress-related proteins up-regulated by MeJA and the tissues where the MeJA-regulated genes are preferably expressed.O ácido jasmônico (JA) e seu éster metil-jasmonato (MeJA) são moléculas sinalizadoras derivadas do ácido linolênico e estão envolvidas no desenvolvimento da planta e na resposta aos estresses. MeJA regula a expressão gênica ao nível transcricional, do processamento do RNA e da tradução. Investigamos as mudanças na expressão gênica em folhas de cana-de-açúcar expostas ao MeJA usando arranjos de cDNA. O RNA total isolado a 0, 0,5, 1, 3, 6 e 12 horas após o tratamento com MeJA foi utilizado para a síntese de sondas contendo alfa-33P-dCTP, as quais foram, posteriormente, hibridizadas em membranas de náilon contendo 1.536 clones de cDNA. Um aumento significativo na expressão gênica em resposta ao MeJA foi detectado em genes que respondem a estresses e também em genes com função desconhecida, enquanto os genes que participam da fotossíntese e da assimilação de carboidrato foram reprimidos. A busca por domínios conservados em proteínas desconhecidas e a análise digital do perfil de expressão de mRNA revelaram possíveis proteínas novas relacionadas a estresses induzidas por MeJA e os tecidos onde os genes regulados por MeJA são preferivelmente expressos.17318