Cuidado Paliativo e diretrizes curriculares: inclusão necessária

Cuidado Paliativo (CP) é uma abordagem multiprofissional que visa à qualidade de vida de pacientes com doenças ameaçadoras de vida e de seus familiares. Com o avanço das doenças crônico-degenerativas, estima-se que mais de 20 milhões de pacientes no mundo têm necessidade deste perfil de cuidado. No que tange à formação médica direcionada a essa demanda crescente, há escassa menção nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do Curso de Graduação em Medicina. Contudo, ao se avaliar o texto oficial, observam-se diversas congruências das orientações gerais com os princípios do CP, como: formação humanística, priorização de pacientes em vulnerabilidade, valorização da dignidade humana, bioética, respeito à autonomia do paciente, abordagem centrada na pessoa, trabalho em equipe, abordagem familiar, comunicação, condutas baseadas em evidência. O estudo destes pontos em comum evidencia o CP como potencial espaço formador para aquisição de habilidades e competências requeridas pelas orientações oficiais. Neste sentido, a inserção na graduação ampliará a formação profissional de futuros médicos, podendo contribuir ainda com a garantia de uma assistência de qualidade a pacientes com doenças graves, em especial na fase final de vida.Palliative Care (PC) is a multidisciplinary team approach that deals with patients and their families under conditions of life-threatening illness aimed at improving their quality of life. With the increase of chronic-degenerative diseases, it is estimated that 20 million patients in the world require this type of care. With regard to medical training geared toward this demand there is scarce mention of PC in the National Curriculum Guidelines for Undergraduate Medical Courses. However, when the official text is reviewed, several parallels can be drawn between the general guidelines and the principles of PC, such as humanistic training, prioritization of vulnerable patients, valuing human dignity, bioethics, respect for the patient’s autonomy, person-centered approach, team work, family approach, communication and evidence-based practices. The study of these common points shows PC to be a potential educational strategy for the acquisition of required skills and competencies according to the official guidelines. In this regard, the inclusion of PC in undergraduate medical courses will broaden the professional training of future physicians, as well as helping guarantee quality care for seriously ill patients, especially those in the final stages of their lives

Cuidado Paliativo e Diretrizes Curriculares: Inclusão Necessária

RESUMO Cuidado Paliativo (CP) é uma abordagem multiprofissional que visa à qualidade de vida de pacientes com doenças ameaçadoras de vida e de seus familiares. Com o avanço das doenças crônico-degenerativas, estima-se que mais de 20 milhões de pacientes no mundo têm necessidade deste perfil de cuidado. No que tange à formação médica direcionada a essa demanda crescente, há escassa menção nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do Curso de Graduação em Medicina. Contudo, ao se avaliar o texto oficial, observam-se diversas congruências das orientações gerais com os princípios do CP, como: formação humanística, priorização de pacientes em vulnerabilidade, valorização da dignidade humana, bioética, respeito à autonomia do paciente, abordagem centrada na pessoa, trabalho em equipe, abordagem familiar, comunicação, condutas baseadas em evidência. O estudo destes pontos em comum evidencia o CP como potencial espaço formador para aquisição de habilidades e competências requeridas pelas orientações oficiais. Neste sentido, a inserção na graduação ampliará a formação profissional de futuros médicos, podendo contribuir ainda com a garantia de uma assistência de qualidade a pacientes com doenças graves, em especial na fase final de vida

Risk for Major Bleeding in Patients Receiving Ticagrelor Compared With Aspirin After Transient Ischemic Attack or Acute Ischemic Stroke in the SOCRATES Study (Acute Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack Treated With Aspirin or Ticagrelor and Patient Outcomes)

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Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, ventilation management, and outcomes in invasively ventilated intensive care unit patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pooled analysis of four observational studies

Background: Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, the practice of ventilation, and outcome in invasively ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain unexplored. In this analysis we aim to address these gaps using individual patient data of four large observational studies. Methods: In this pooled analysis we harmonised individual patient data from the ERICC, LUNG SAFE, PRoVENT, and PRoVENT-iMiC prospective observational studies, which were conducted from June, 2011, to December, 2018, in 534 ICUs in 54 countries. We used the 2016 World Bank classification to define two geoeconomic regions: middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs). ARDS was defined according to the Berlin criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to compare patients in MICs versus HICs. The primary outcome was the use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) for the first 3 days of mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcomes were key ventilation parameters (tidal volume size, positive end-expiratory pressure, fraction of inspired oxygen, peak pressure, plateau pressure, driving pressure, and respiratory rate), patient characteristics, the risk for and actual development of acute respiratory distress syndrome after the first day of ventilation, duration of ventilation, ICU length of stay, and ICU mortality. Findings: Of the 7608 patients included in the original studies, this analysis included 3852 patients without ARDS, of whom 2345 were from MICs and 1507 were from HICs. Patients in MICs were younger, shorter and with a slightly lower body-mass index, more often had diabetes and active cancer, but less often chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure than patients from HICs. Sequential organ failure assessment scores were similar in MICs and HICs. Use of LTVV in MICs and HICs was comparable (42·4% vs 44·2%; absolute difference -1·69 [-9·58 to 6·11] p=0·67; data available in 3174 [82%] of 3852 patients). The median applied positive end expiratory pressure was lower in MICs than in HICs (5 [IQR 5-8] vs 6 [5-8] cm H2O; p=0·0011). ICU mortality was higher in MICs than in HICs (30·5% vs 19·9%; p=0·0004; adjusted effect 16·41% [95% CI 9·52-23·52]; p<0·0001) and was inversely associated with gross domestic product (adjusted odds ratio for a US$10 000 increase per capita 0·80 [95% CI 0·75-0·86]; p<0·0001). Interpretation: Despite similar disease severity and ventilation management, ICU mortality in patients without ARDS is higher in MICs than in HICs, with a strong association with country-level economic status