Essential Oil Composition of Two Grammosciadium DC Species, G. platycarpum (Boiss et Hausskn) Schischk and G. macrodon Boiss (Apiaceae), from Turkey

Purpose: To investigate and compare the essential oil composition of two Grammosciadium species obtained by hydrodistillationMethods: The essential oil of the aerial parts of two species was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Results: In G. platycarpum, twenty-seven compounds were identified representing 99.3 % of the total oil. The major constituents of the oil were limonene (28.4 %), β-pinene (16.1 %), β-selinene (15.9 %), δ- 3-carene (11.2 %), α-farnesene (6.0 %) and p - cymene (4.7 %). The oil of G. macrodon contained thirty-seven components representing 94.4 % of the total oil, with caryophyllene oxide (15.9 %), germacrene - D (12.4 %), β-caryophyllene (11.5 %), δ-3 - carene (10.1 %) and cyclohexane (4.6 %) as the main constituents.Conclusion: The essential oil composition of G. macrodon was analysed for the first time, the most abundant constituents being caryophyllene oxide, and cyclohexane.Keywords: Grammosciadium macrodon, Grammosciadium platycarpum, Essential oil, Limonene, Caryophyllene oxide, Germacrene - D, β-Caryophyllene, δ-3-Caren

Un estudio de los patrones de ácidos grasos y tococromanoles de algunas plantas Fabaceae (Leguminosae) de Turquía

In this study, the fatty acid, tocopherol, tocotrienol and plastochromanol-8 contents of some selected Fabaceae (Leguminosae) species belonging to different genera (Colutea, Vicia, Lathyrus, Gonocytisus, Lupinus, Hedysarum, Onobrychis, Trigonella) from Turkey were determined by using GLC and HPLC techniques. Some of the studied species are endemic to Turkey. The seed oils of different Leguminous taxa contained linoleic, oleic and linolenic acids as their major components. The ratios of these fatty acids in the Leguminous genera were found to be highly variable. Palmitic and stearic acids are the major saturated fatty acids in the seed oils. Vicia and Onobrychis patterns showed high similarity in means of qualitative fatty acid concentration. The tocopherol and tocochromanol patterns of the seed oils were also found to be highly variable among the genera investigated here. The total tocopherols was higher than the total tocotrienols. Alpha and gamma tocopherols were also the highest tocopherols present in the whole species. Beta, gamma and delta-tocotrienols were not found in most of the studied leguminous patterns. The results are discussed in view of renewable sources and chemotaxonomy.En este estudio, los contenidos en ácidos grasos, tocoferoles, tocotrienoles y plastocromanol-8 de algunas especies seleccionadas de Fabaceae (Leguminosae), pertenecientes a diferentes géneros (Colutea, Vicia, Lathyrus, Gonocytisus, Lupinus, Hedysarum, Onobrychis, Trigonella) de Turquía, fueron determinadas usando técnicas de GLC y HPLC. Algunas de las especies estudiadas son endémicas de Turquía. Los aceites de semillas de los diferentes taxones de leguminosas contenían los ácidos linoleico, oleico y linolénico como principales componentes. Las proporciones de estos ácidos grasos fueron muy variables entre los géneros de leguminosas. Los ácidos palmítico y esteárico son los principales ácidos grasos saturados en los aceites de semillas. Los patrones de Vicia y Onobrychis mostraron una alta similitud en las medias de las concentraciones de ácidos grasos cualitativos. Los patrones de tocoferoles y tococromanoles en los aceites de semillas resultaron también ser altamente variables entre los géneros investigados aquí. El total de tocoferoles fue superior al de tocotrienoles. Los tocoferoles alfa y gamma fueron los principales tocoferoles encontrados en el conjunto de especies. Los tocotrienoles beta, gamma y delta no se encontraron en la mayoría de los patrones estudiados de leguminosas. Los resultados son discutidos con vistas a los recursos renovables y a la quimiotaxonomía.

Being tolerated and being discriminated against:Links to psychological well-being through threatened social identity needs

We investigated whether and how the experience of being tolerated and of being discriminated against are associated with psychological well‐being in three correlational studies among three stigmatized groups in Turkey (LGBTI group members, people with disabilities, and ethnic Kurds, total N = 862). Perceived threat to social identity needs (esteem, meaning, belonging, efficacy, and continuity) was examined as a mediator in these associations. Structural equation models showed evidence for the detrimental role of both toleration and discrimination experiences on positive and negative psychological well‐being through higher levels of threatened social identity needs. A mini‐meta analysis showed small to moderate effect sizes and toleration was associated with lower positive well‐being through threatened needs among all three stigmatized groups

Memory-Enhancing Properties of Hypericum Scabrum Essential Oil in a Rat Model of Dementia: Effects of Hypericum scabrum essential oil on memory

Hypericum species are known to be used in traditional therapies. H. scabrum L. is one of the Hypericum species distributed in Turkey. In this study, we evaluated the effects of Hypericum scabrum essential oilinhalation on spatial memory in scopolamine-induced amnesic rats. The essential oil was characterized by GCFID and GC-MS system. Male wistar rats were divided into 6 groups: control; scopolamine-alone treated; diazepam-treated (positive control); tramadol-treated (positive control); scopolamine with Hypericum scabrum essential oil 1%-treated; and scopolamine with Hypericum scabrum essential oil 3%-treated group. All rats were tested behaviorally to evaluate spatial memory peformances in Y-maze task and radial-arm maze task. The most abundant component of the essential oil was identified as α-pinene (51.3%). Hypericum scabrum essential oil application significantly improved spatial memory as compared to scopolamine-alone treated rats as evidenced by increases in spontaneous alternation behavior in Y-maze task and decreases in the number of working memory errors and reference memory errors in the radial-arm maze task in this study. Hypericum scabrum essential oil inhalation could be used as a complementary therapy to reduce memory impairments in the patients with dementia and related diseases

MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF SECTION DROSANTHE (SPACH) ENDL. (HYPERICUM L.)INFERRED FROM CHLOROPLAST GENOME

The phylogenetic relationships of Drosanthe section of Hypericum genus (Hypericaceae) were analyzed by using non-coding chloroplast DNA region (trnL 3'-trnF) for 58 individuals. The section is represented by 23 taxa and nine of which are endemic to Turkey. The chloroplast phylogeny suggested that the members of this section belonged to a polyphyletic group, which imply at least two independent origins. The individuals of this section clearly formed two main clades. One clade included all members of this section except H amblysepalum, H. spectabile, H. lysimachioides var. spathulatum and H. sorgerae. Our current phylogenetic results supported the morphological grouping in the Drosanthe section

The effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on short-term acute myocardial ischemia

Background: We. previously showed that caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) attenuated NO production, reduced apoptosis, diminished serum CK and AST activities, and is cardio-protective in rat heart subjected to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). We now studied the short-term cardio-protective effect of CAPE in an I/R rat heart model