Теоретические основы интенсификации работы грануляционных устройств с усовершенствованной гидродинамикой

Одним із способів зменшення габаритів грануляційного обладнання є вдосконалення гідродинамічних умов перебування в ньому дисперсної фази. Цього можна досягти, зокрема, за рахунок застосування вихрових і високотурбулізованних потоків. Представлена робота присвячена обґрунтуванню можливості створення алгоритму управління рухом дисперсної фази в робочому просторі грануляційного пристрою, на підставі якого буде визначена його оптимальна конструкція з мінімальними габаритами.Одним из способов уменьшения габаритов грануляционного оборудования является усовершенствование гидродинамических условий пребывания в нём дисперсной фазы. Этого можно достичь, в частности, за счет применения вихревых и высокотурбулизованных потоков. Представленная работа посвящена обоснованию возможности создания алгоритма управления движением дисперсной фазы в рабочем пространстве грануляционного устройства, на основании которого будет определена его оптимальная конструкция с минимальными габаритами

Multimodal imaging measures predict rearrest

Rearrest has been predicted by hemodynamic activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during error-processing (Aharoni et al., 2013). Here, we evaluate the predictive power after adding an additional imaging modality in a subsample of 45 incarcerated males from Aharoni et al. (2013). Event-related potentials (ERPs) and hemodynamic activity were collected during a Go/NoGo response inhibition task. Neural measures of error-processing were obtained from the ACC and two ERP components, the error-related negativity (ERN/Ne) and the error positivity (Pe). Measures from the Pe and ACC differentiated individuals who were and were not subsequently rearrested. Cox regression, logistic regression, and support vector machine (SVM) neuroprediction models were calculated. Each of these models proved successful in predicting rearrest and SVM provided the strongest results. Multimodal neuroprediction SVM models with out of sample cross-validating accurately predicted rearrest (83.33%). Offenders with increased Pe amplitude and decreased ACC activation, suggesting abnormal error-processing, were at greatest risk of rearrest

E2E near-standard and practical authenticated transciphering

Homomorphic encryption (HE) enables computation delegation to untrusted third-party while maintaining data confidentiality. Hybrid encryption (a.k.a Transciphering) allows a reduction in the number of ciphertexts and storage size, which makes HE solutions practical for a variety of modern applications. Still, modern transciphering has two main drawbacks: 1) lack of standardization or bad performance of symmetric decryption under FHE; 2) lack of input data integrity. In this paper, we discuss the concept of Authenticated Transciphering (AT), which like Authenticated Encryption (AE) provides some integrity guarantees for the transciphered data. For that, we report on the first implementations of AES-GCM decryption and Ascon decryption under CKKS. Moreover, we report and demonstrate the first end-to-end process that uses transciphering for real-world applications i.e., running deep neural network inference (ResNet50 over ImageNet) under encryption

Neuroprediction of future rearrest

Identification of factors that predict recurrent antisocial behavior is integral to the social sciences, criminal justice procedures, and the effective treatment of high-risk individuals. Here we show that error-related brain activity elicited during performance of an in- hibitory task prospectively predicted subsequent rearrest among adult offenders within 4 y of release (N =96). The odds that an offender with relatively low anterior cingulate activity would be rearrested were approximately double that of an offender with high activity in this region, holding constant other observed risk factors. These results suggest a potential neurocognitive biomarker for persistent antisocial behavior

Rewiring Host Lipid Metabolism by Large Viruses Determines the Fate of Emiliania huxleyi

Marine viruses are major ecological and evolutionary drivers of microbial food webs regulating the fate of carbon in the ocean. We combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to explore the cellular pathways mediating the interaction between the bloom-forming coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi and its specific coccolithoviruses (E. huxleyi virus [EhV]). We show that EhV induces profound transcriptome remodeling targeted toward fatty acid synthesis to support viral assembly. A metabolic shift toward production of viral-derived sphingolipids was detected during infection and coincided with downregulation of host de novo sphingolipid genes and induction of the viral-encoded homologous pathway. The depletion of host-specific sterols during lytic infection and their detection in purified virions revealed their novel role in viral life cycle. We identify an essential function of the mevalonate-isoprenoid branch of sterol biosynthesis during infection and propose its downregulation as an antiviral mechanism. We demonstrate how viral replication depends on the hijacking of host lipid metabolism during the chemical “arms race” in the ocean

Nudges for judges

Abstract Judges are typically tasked to consider sentencing benefits but not costs. Previous research finds that both laypeople and prosecutors discount the costs of incarceration when forming sentencing attitudes, raising important questions about whether professional judges show the same bias during sentencing. To test this, we used a vignette-based experiment in which Minnesota state judges (N = 87) reviewed a case summary about an aggravated robbery and imposed a hypothetical sentence. Using random assignment, half the participants received additional information about plausible negative consequences of incarceration. As predicted, our results revealed a mitigating effect of cost exposure on prison sentence term lengths. Critically, these findings support the conclusion that policies that increase transparency in sentencing costs could reduce sentence lengths, which has important economic and social ramifications

Moral Turing Test

ABSTRACT. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) raise important questions about whether people view the moral evaluations of AI systems similarly to human moral evaluations. We conducted the first moral Turing Test by asking people to distinguish real human moral evaluations from those of a popular advanced AI language model. A representative sample of 299 U.S. adults first rated the quality of moral evaluations when blinded to their source. Surprisingly, they rated the AI's moral reasoning as superior to humans’ along almost all dimensions, including virtuousness, intelligence, and trustworthiness. Next, when tasked with identifying the source of each evaluation (human or computer), people performed significantly above chance levels. Analysis of follow-up questions suggests that multiple factors could have cued participants to the true source of the computer evaluations, including their greater perceived quality and some structural differences. Although the AI failed our moral Turing Test, ironically, this was not because of its inferior moral reasoning but, potentially, its perceived superiority. This perception raises concerns that people may uncritically accept an AI’s potentially harmful moral advice, highlighting the need for safeguards around AI language models on matters of morality. NOTE: See Files section for study data, coding labels, and stimuli

Punishment After Life

Prison sentences that exceed the natural lifespan present a puzzle because they have no more power to deter or incapacitate than a single life sentence. In three survey experiments with university students (N = 130; N = 260) and a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults (N = 182), we tested the extent to which participants support these longer-than-life sentences in two contexts: sentencing and voting. Results from all experiments revealed that, compared to running multiple sentences concurrently without the possibility of parole, participants supported the use of consecutive life sentences for offenders who committed multiple serious crimes against a single victim or multiple victims. In addition, they adjusted these posthumous years in response to mitigating factors in a manner that was indistinguishable from ordinary sentences (Experiment 1), and their support for consecutive life sentencing policies persisted regardless of the default choice and whether the policy was costly to implement (Experiments 2 - 3). These judgment patterns were most consistent with heuristic reasoning processes supporting retributive punishment motivations and have implications for sentencing policy and for theories of punishment behavior

ZfP Protocol: suffering and understanding in punishment

ABSTRACT. When people exact retribution on moral offenders, what psychological goals are our punishments designed to realize? This study represents a conceptual replication and extension of recent research on two proximate drivers of retribution: evidence that the perpetrator suffered , and evidence that he understood why he is being punished. Using a contrastive vignette method, we will present U.S. adults with vignettes about a fictitious high-seriousness (robbery) and low seriousness (theft) crime. In a between subjects design, we will independently vary perpetrator suffering (present vs. absent) and perpetrator understanding (present vs. absent), as well as the participant’s perspective (personal vs. impersonal). Following Gollwitzter and Denzler (2009), we will estimate punishment goal-fulfillment by measuring sentencing recommendations and punishment satisfaction ratings before and after exposure to the manipulations. We hypothesize that goal fulfillment will be greatest following combined evidence of suffering and understanding

The Archival Phase in Feminist Organizations: Methodological Suggestions

The article is based on a series of interviews (61) and a multi-sited ethnography conducted during 2019–2021 which traced archival records of 20 feminist organizations in Israel: local women’s peace organizations (FPAs) and Rape Crisis Centres (RCCs). We describe the study and the complex methodological concerns and meta-questions relating to the study of feminist community archives in relation to content (types of testimonials or records), method of organization (archival practices like cataloging or digitization) and activists’ perspectives concerning future preservation and access. In order to overcome these challenges, we suggest six methodological principles which may apply to the study of civil society organizations that were established between the 1970s–1990s: the importance of identifying researchers’ positionality vis a-vis the archive; the politics of knowledge and intersectional identities; avoiding judgment of informal archival practices; identifying who sets the rules; silence and self-silencing; and recognition of invisible labor