Identification of factors that predict recurrent antisocial behavior
is integral to the social sciences, criminal justice procedures, and
the effective treatment of high-risk individuals. Here we show that
error-related brain activity elicited during performance of an in-
hibitory task prospectively predicted subsequent rearrest among
adult offenders within 4 y of release (N =96). The odds that an
offender with relatively low anterior cingulate activity would be
rearrested were approximately double that of an offender with
high activity in this region, holding constant other observed risk
factors. These results suggest a potential neurocognitive biomarker
for persistent antisocial behavior
